Object Oriented System

Chapter 1
Object Oriented System
When we examine computer based solution (program), found the following
elements in a program.
Data
Algorithm
Algorithm describes how to change a data or it outlines the various steps required
to transform a data. In this context, we could say algorithm shape the data.
Each algorithm is designed in such a way so that it can transform the data.

Functional and data aspect of a system

When we examine a system, we can find it is composed of several sub-systems.

Each sub-system is responsible to perform specific task.

A Syste B

Fig-1

A
Sub- Sub-
System System B

Sub-
System

Fig-2

Figure-1 shows the system in its entirety, where as figure-2 shows how the system
was actually constructed. If we view each bubble of fig-2 as a task or process; it is the

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 Object Oriented System

functional aspect of the system. So it is clear each function is entrusted with particular
data that is the data aspects of the system since data is being changed by the function.
Object aspect of a system
The following are standard functions a CD drive provides
Opening shutter
Closing shutter
Eject CD
Reading and writing data
Flash LED while operates
The very sight of CD-Drive enables us to remember all those operations. Each of
the above listed operations is bound with some data. For example LED flash while CD
performs some activity and stop blinking when ceases its operations. So, we can assume
that there will be a data that store state of LED based on various activities Fig-3.

Open/Clo
se
shutter

LED-

Read/Wri Eject-CD
te

Fig-3

While using CD-drive we are not aware of various internal operations and its
hardware and software implementation complexities, instead we just press few buttons to
get operation done, because we think it is a device or OBJECT. As you know all objects
has properties and behavior. Here CD-Drive shows its behavior through functions like
open, close, read, write, flash LED etc. The CD-drive hides implementation complexities
using its metallic covering, and user is exposed with few buttons to interact with the
device, devising a computer based software solution in this way is known as object
oriented programming.

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 Object Oriented System

Object oriented programming lets you to think in a new way about the problem as
well as solution.
Object
Object is a thing or entity having unique identity.
Object may be conceptual or concrete.
Object has properties and methods
Objects can communicate with each other
Objects can be grouped into class
Class can have ancestral class or classes

Object Oriented Programming Features

Abstraction Encapsulation.
Inheritance Polymorphism
Abstraction
“Consider only necessary and required features of an object under study. Thus an
object having many details may not be considered all those details for your study if it is
not relevant for your system.”
Encapsulation
Packaging all your findings as properties and methods of the objects, so you can
classify them.
Inheritance
If already you have a class, you can create another class with similar features and
some extra added features by using the existing class.
Polymorphism
A method of class behaves differently in two objects of the same class.