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(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD. a&;om;ay;yk@d Eidk =f uygonf?
EkdifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yfukd taumiftxnfaz:
onfhvkyfief;rsm; jynfol=um;wGif ysHŒESHŒap&ef?
(2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD NCUB jynfaxmifpkyef;wkdif*sme,fokd@ pmrlrsm;/
. ausm¶kd;tzGJŒtpnf;rsm;jzpfaom NDF/ DAB/ a0zef t }uH a y;pmrsm;
NLD(LA)/ MPU tzGŒJ rsm;. ppfa&;/ Eki d if aH &; ay;ykd@vkdv#if atmufygvdyfpmrsm;twkdif;
v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufaer_rsm;ukd us,fus,fjyefŒjyefŒ ay;ydk@Edkifygw,f?
az:xkwf&ef?
(3) jrefrmjynfolvlxk. pD;yGm;a&;b0/ vlr_a&;b0/
EkdifiHa&;b0trSefrsm;ukd xif[yfaz: jy&ef? P.O Box (40)
(4) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;. EkdifiHa&; oabmxm; TAK-63110
tjrifrsm;ukd yGifhyGifhvif;vif; az: jyEkdif&ef? Mae Sot, Thailand
(5) jynfolrsm;=um; 'Drkdua&pD tavhtusifhrsm;
&SifoefEkd;=um;ap&ef? Email : ncub.info@ncub.org
(6) jrefrmjynf 'Drkdua&pD v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukdEkdifiH ncub@ncub.org
wum'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESifh qufpyfEkdif&ef?

2 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD/ owif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;XmerS xkwfa0onf?

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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD/ owif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;XmerS xkwfa0onf? 3

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 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGeJ@ vufwGJyl;aygif;+yD;
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ta,mif trsdL;om; nDvmcH/ vrf;a}umif; ckeSpfqifh/jynfvHk;
u|wfqENcH,lyGJ ponfwdk hudkomru 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudkyg
a}unmvkyfaqmifaejyD jzpfonf?
tdraf xmifbufwOD;onf ol [ h meSio hf l tusihf azgujf yef
um/ ausmcdkif;xGufcGmoGm;orSs umvywfvHk;usefwOD;u rnf
onfhenf;eSifhrSs vdkufvHajcmhjrSLum aygif;oif;bdk h}udK;pm;&ef
ta}umif;r&Sd? azgufjyefonfh tusifhudk xm0&pGef hv$wfonfh
tajccHay:wGif jidrf;csrf;pGmtwljyefvnfaygif;pnf;rnfh oabm
vuQ%mrsm; jyvmvSsif jyefvnfvufcHoifh rcHoifh pOf;pm;
qH;k jzwfomG ;&efom jzpfonf? ppftm%m&Sipf epf[o l nfh azgujf yef
onfhtusifhudk qkwfudkifxm;orSsumvywfvHk; rnfonfh tcg
wGirf S ppfreS o f nfh trsLd ;om; jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;rjzpfeikd ?f etz
onf azgufjyefonfh tusifhudk qkwfudkifxm;&HkrSsomru ol@
[meSifhol wtdk;wtdrfudk tcdkiftcef hxlaxmifaejyDjzpfonf?
h kH aqG; vlxt k aejzifh rSeu f efonfh wefb;kd / rl0g'/ tusijhf rwfwkd t h ay:wGif
tajccHum rdrdwdk htdk;/ rdrdwdk htdrfudk tcdkiftrm xlaxmif&ef
jyifqifoifhcJhonfrSm }umjyDjzpfonf?
tavmif;xrf; nDnGwfa&;vkyfrnf[k a}uG;a}umfum
ppftm%m&SifpepfeSifh aphpyfa&;vkyfoGm;cJhol tajrmuftrsm;
&SdcJhaomfvnf; zdeSdyfrSKrsm;rSm qufvuf}uD;rm;vSsuf&Sdaeao;jyD;
tjypfrahJ om vlx. k tavmif;yrm% wd;k rsm;onfxuf wd;k rsm;
vm&Hkom tzwfwifonf? ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk tjyD;tydkif
wdu k zf suv f akd om awmfveS af &;orm;rsm;onf ppftm%m&Sipf epf
eSifh aphpyfvdkolrsm;/ tvkyf ta}uG;jyKvdkolrsm;eSifh rnfonfh
tcgwiG rf S nDnw G af &; &edik rf nfr[kw?f xdo k rl sm;eSihf nDnw G af &;
r&edik o f jzifv
h nf; 0rf;enf;p&m/ pdwyf suf tm;i,fp&m ta}umif;
r&Sd?
&SmazG&rnfh wu,fhnDnGwfa&;rSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf
wdu k zf suaf &; OD;wnfcsuu f kd rdr&d & qkwu f ikd jf yD; ,if;udk az:aqmif
edkifrnfh rnfonfhvkyfief;pOfrqdkudkifpGJum jywfjywfom;om;
wdkufyGJ0ifaeonfh yk*~dKvfrsm;/ tzGJ htpnf;rsm;/ tiftm;pkrsm;
t}um;wGif jzpfonf?
atmif x l ;
2008 ck e S p f atmuf w d k b mv (1) &uf
17
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(1945 ZGefv 19&uf -)

+y;D cJoh nfh jynfaxmifpyk ef;wkid *f sme,f twGJ (1)/ trSwf (4)wGif urBmEh b kd ,f+ird ;f csr;f a&;qk&iS f yxrqk;H
trdsK;orD; *sed ;f tuf'rf ta=umif;udk azmfjycJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? qufvufI urBmEh b dk ,f+ird ;f csr;f a&;qk&iS f
aemufxyftrdsK;orD;wpfO;D ukd azmfjyygrnf? olronf urBmay:&Sd vl@tcGit hf a&;ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;udk
vkv d m;axmufco H l tm;vk;H u av;pm;todtrSwðf y&aom/ urBmay:&Sd t&ufpufq;Hk t=urf;
óuwfq;Hk ppftm%m&Sit f yk pf w k pfpu k kd awmfveS w f u dk yf 0JG ifaeaom ol&aJ umif; trdsK;orD; acgi;f aqmif
wpfOD; jzpfygonf? 1947 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;r&rD vkyf}uHcHcJh&aom jrefrmEkdifiH.
tmZmenftrdsK; om;acgi;f aqmif Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;. orD;vnf;jzpfygonf? olrtm; 1945 ckEpS /f
ZGev f / 19 &ufae@ &efuek +f rdK@wiG f zGm;jrifcyhJ gonf?
1960 ckEpS w f iG f olr.rdcif a':cif=unfonf tdE, dN Ekid if q H idk &f m jrefrmjynfot H rwftjzpf
cef@tyf cH&onft h cg a':atmifqef;pk=unfonfvnf; olr.rdcifEiS t hf wl e,l;a'vDo@dk vku d yf gum
1960 rS 1964 ckEpS t f xd e,l;a'vDwiG f txufwef;ynmESihf wuUov dk yf nmudk qnf;yl;cJo h nf?
1964 ckEpS rf S 67 ckEpS w f iG f t*FvefEikd if H atmufpzf @kd wuUov dk rf S '\eduaA'bG@J EiS hf pde@f [ufzf
aumvdyrf S Edik if aH &;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;bG@J ukd &&Scd o hJ nf? 1990 ckEpS w f iG f atmufpzf @dk wuUov dk rf S olrtm;
*k%x f ;l aqmif cs;D jr‡ichf o hJ nf?
1971 ckEpS w f iG f urBmu h v k or*~tzG@J csKy}f u;D . tkycf sKyaf &;ESihf b¾ma&;jy\emrsm;qkid &f m
t}uHay;aumfrwD. vufaxmuftwGi;f a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nf? 1972 ckEpS w f iG f
rku
d u f ,ft&J pfEiS v hf ufxufc+hJ y;D om;ESpaf ,mufxeG ;f um;cJo h nf? olr onf zcif Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;. +id r f ; csrf ; a&;Ek d b ,f v qk & S i f
uk, d af &;&mZ0ifrsm;udk okawoeðyvkycf o hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS f rwfv 31 &ufae@wiG f rdcifa':cif=unf a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf
tjyif;txefavjzwfa=umif; =um;od&I rdciftm; ðypkay;&ef jrefrmjynfo@dk a&muf&v dS mcJo h nf?
‚if;tcsed u f mvonf Akv d af e0if; &mxl;rSEw _ x f u G af =umif; a=ujim+yD;aemuf wpfygwD
a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf o nf
tm%m&Sipf epfðywfus&ef jrefrmjynftES@H vlxq k ENjyr_rsm; ay:ayguaf ecsed jf zpfygonf? 1988 ckEpS /f
wkdif;jynftwGuf vli,frsm;udk tm;xm;
=o*kwfv 8 &ufae@wGif vlxkqENjyr_rsm; jrefrmjynftESH@tjym;odk@ ul;pufvmcJh+yD; ppfwyfu
onf? vli,frsm; twGuf ynma&;pepfukd
vlaxmifaygi;f rsm;pGmudk t=urf;zufypfowfcyhJ gonf?
aumif;rGeaf pvdk onf? ppftpk;d &. ynma&;
xk@d a=umihf =o*kwv f 15 &ufae@wiG f yxrqk;H Ekid if aH &;vkyaf qmifcsut f aejzifh ppftpd;k
pepf E S i f h y wf o uf Ivnf ; a0zef ajym
&tm; tdwzf iG hf pmwpfapmify@kd co hJ nf? ‚if;pmonf ygwpD aHk &G;aumufyu JG si;f yay;&eftwGuf vGwf
=um;cJo h nf?
vyfaom n‡dEd_if; aqG;aEG;a&;aumfrwDwpfckzGJ@pnf;&ef awmif;qkdxm;aompm jzpfygonf?
olronf pum;ajymqkd&mwGif
=o*kwfv26&ufae@wGif a&$wd*kHb&m;taemufbufrkcfwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfrS axmif
at;aq; wnf+idrf+yD; odrfarG@El;nHhonf?
aygi;f rsm;pGmaom jynfov l x l t k m; 'Dru dk a&pDtpd;k &opfwpf&yf vkt d yfa=umif;ESihf pnf;urf;&Spd mG /
trS e f w &m; uk d cspf j rwf E d k ; onf ?
pnf;vk;H nDnw G pf mG jzihf 'Dru kd a&pDa&; aqmif&u G =f u&ef yxrqk;H rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJo h nf?
axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmaom jynforl sm;twGuf
pufwifbmv 24 &ufae@wiG f trdsK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf (NLD) udk pwifz@JG pnf;+yD;
twk,pl &m a&S@aqmif vrf;jywpfa,muf
a':atmifqef; pk=unfonf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhygonf? 1989 ckESpf
vnf;jzpfygonf? jynforl sm;tm; tod^m%f
Zefe0g&Dv 2 &ufae@ rdcifpsmye tcrf;tem;cscJhonf? xdk@aemuf a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf
yGivhf if;ap&eftwGuf pmtkyrf sm; vnf;a&;
ppftpkd;&rS enf;rdsK;pkHjzihf ydwfyifonfh=um;rSyif wEdkifiHvkH;tESH@wGif vlxktm; a[majymyGJrsm;
om;xkwaf 0cJo h nf? olr. xkwaf 0+y;D aom
jyKvkycf o hJ nf?
pmtk y f r sm;teuf “a=umuf & G H @ jcif ; rS
xk@d a=umifh 1989ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f 20 &ufae@wiG f ppfwyfrS a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrf
vGwu f if;a&;”/ “arSsmv f if ch sut
f oH” pm
tus,f csKyfcsxm;cJo h nf? 1990a&G;aumufyw JG iG f olr.ygwo D nf 82 µ jzifh tEdik &f &Scd yhJ gonf?
tkyrf sm;rSm xif&mS ;ausm=f um;ygonf?
ok@d &mwGif ppftyk pf o k nf a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd jiif;qefc+hJ y;D olrtm; aetdrt f us,cf sKyfjzifh xde;f odr;f
,cktcsed t
f xd a':atmif qef;pk
xm;cJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unftaeESifh EdkifiHtwGif;rS t+yD;tykdifxGufcGmoGm;+yD; +Adwdef
=unfonf urBmhEkdb,f +idrf;csrf;a&;qk
Ekid if &H odS rl rdom;pkxH oGm;a&mufaexkid rf nfqykd gu aetdrt f us,cf sKyfrS v$waf y;rnf[k ppftpd;k &
tygt0if EdkifiHwum tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS
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cDs;jr‡ifhaom qkaygif; 86 qkukd vufcH
xk@d a=umifh 1991 ckEpS f 'DZif bmv(10) &ufae@wiG f olr. 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/ vl@tcGihf ta&;ESihf trsKd ;om;
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jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;wk@d twGuf t=urf;rzufaomenf;jzihf óu;d yrf; aqmif &Gucf surf sm;twGuf urBmh
Ekbd ,f+idr;f csr;f a&;qkukd cs;D jr‡ichf yhJ gonf?

18 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD/ owif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;XmerS xkwfa0onf?

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