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2H2O)
It is a naturally occurring mineral It is the raw material for a no. of cementing materials such as plaster of Paris, keenes plaster & estrich plaster On heating, Gypsum undergoes partial or complete dehydration to give a series of products 150C 600C 800C
Plaster of Paris
PoP is formulated as the hemihydrate (CaSO4.1/2H2O) but commercial plaster is a mixture of the hemihydrate, anhydrite & unchanged gypsum It is manufactured by calcining Gypsum at 150C followed by grinding the product to a fine powder It forms a plastic mass on mixing with water & sets quickly with slight expansion Hardening is due to hydration of hemihydrate & anhydrite to gypsum Uses- for making accurate plaster casting moulds, indoor wall plastering
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Estrich Plaster- It is obtained by heating gypsum above 800C. It sets and hardens very slowly
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Cement
Cement is a lime based product exhibiting adhesive & cohesive properties It is used for binding together coarse aggregates such as bricks, building blocks and stones Portland cement is the most commonly used cement in the construction industry
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90%
Free oxides CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, SO3, H2O, CO2 constitute the remaining 10%
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Types of Cement
Different types based on the composition, properties and uses. Natural Cement (Portland cement)-prepared by calcining naturally occurring mixture of calcareous and argillaceous materials. White Portland cement- doesnt contain iron oxide as it is prepared from the material free from iron oxide Pozzolana cement (Naturally occurring, volcanic origin) 45% of silica, 10-20%alumina, <10% ferric oxide and oxides of Ca, Mg, Na, K & Ti
Artificial Pozzolana-is made by burning clay or from fly ash Pozzolana cement is usually mixed with Portland cement
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Types of Cement
Water Proof Cement- Obtained by grinding portland cement with calcium stearate. Slag Cement- highly resistant to sea water, obtained from blast furnace slag mixed with Ca(OH)2 & CaSO4 Super heated cement & high alumina cement- highly resistant to sea water but with a decreased rate of hardening
manufactured from blast furnace slag
Portland blast furnace cement- Portland+slag mixture Barium and Strontium cements- obtained by replacing Ca with Barium or Strontium salts
It is used for heavy concrete to serve as radiation shields for Xrays and nuclear radiations 14
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