1. According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

A) facial expressions; a cognitive label B) emotion-arousing events; physical arousal C) physical arousal; overt behavior D) a cognitive label; physical arousal 2. People who become blind eventually experience ________ levels of day-to-day happiness. Those who become paralyzed eventually experience ________ levels of dayto-day happiness. A) above-normal; below-normal B) below-normal; above-normal C) above-normal; above-normal D) near-normal; near-normal 3. The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the: A) James-Lange theory. B) relative deprivation principle. C) two-factor theory. D) Cannon-Bard theory. 4. Test performance is typically ________ when physiological arousal is ________. A) best; moderate B) worst; moderate C) best; very low D) best; very high 5. As her professor distributed the mathematics test to the class, Blair's heart started to pound and her palms began to sweat. These physiological reactions were activated by her ________ nervous system. A) sympathetic B) central C) somatic D) parasympathetic

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6. Which division of the nervous system calms the body after an emergency has passed? A) somatic B) central C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic 7. Mentally rehearsing one's resentments contributes to ________ perspiration levels and ________ blood pressure levels than mentally rehearsing forgiveness. A) lower; lower B) higher; higher C) lower; higher D) higher; lower 8. The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they: A) are more willing to help others. B) make decisions more effectively. C) experience a more positive self-image. D) report greater satisfaction with their whole lives. 9. Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test. Dante is most likely to want to help after he has: A) helped some friends repair a flat tire on their car. B) received an A on his psychology test. C) heard that a friend was involved in an automobile accident. D) been caught cheating on a math test. 10. Rush hour traffic is to upset stomach as ________ is to ________. A) fight; flight B) Type B; Type A C) lymphocyte; macrophage D) stressor; stress reaction 11. As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) central

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12. Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily angered individuals as ________ personalities. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) Type A D) Type B 13. Chronic anger ________ the risk of heart disease, and chronic depression ________ the risk of heart disease. A) increases; decreases B) increases; increases C) has no effect on; increases D) increases; has no effect on 14. Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack: A) biofeedback. B) alternative medicine. C) perceived control. D) Type A personalities. 15. Personality is fruitfully studied at multiple levels of analysis because people are best understood as: A) unconscious information processors. B) biopsychosocial organisms. C) demonstrating self-serving bias. D) possessing enduring traits. 16. The defense mechanism in which selfjustifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is: A) projection. B) reaction formation. C) rationalization. D) displacement.

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17. When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of: A) repression. B) rationalization. C) regression. D) displacement. 18. Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for: A) reciprocal determinism. B) an external locus of control. C) self-actualization. D) unconditional positive regard. 19. Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's: A) ego. B) id. C) superego. D) inferiority complex. 20. A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as: A) fixation. B) free association. C) factor analysis. D) hypnosis. 21. According to Freud, the unconscious is: A) the part of personality that cannot process information. B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware. C) a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past. D) a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.

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22. When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his: A) superego. B) ego. C) id. D) Oedipus complex. 23. According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with: A) an oral fixation. B) free association. C) learned helplessness. D) the Oedipus complex. 24. Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as: A) projection. B) fixation. C) displacement. D) repression. 25. Four-year-old Timmy has not wet his bed for over a year. However, he starts bedwetting again soon after his sister is born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates: A) reaction formation. B) projection. C) regression. D) displacement. 26. The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called: A) projection. B) displacement. C) fixation. D) reaction formation.

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27. The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects: A) reciprocal determinism. B) selfserving bias. C) an external locus of control. D) the spotlight effect. 28. Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed: A) a fixation. B) a reaction formation. C) learned helplessness. D) the false consensus effect. 29. Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates: A) learned helplessness. B) the spotlight effect. C) self-serving bias. D) the Barnum effect. 30. Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be: A) displaced. B) preconscious. C) fixated. D) unconscious. 31. Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of certain: A) delusions. B) hallucinations. C) phobias. D) obsessions. 32. The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of: A) social phobia. B) flat affect. C) emotional extremes. D) paranoia.

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33. Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of: A) bipolar disorder. B) an anxiety disorder. C) catatonia. D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 34. A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often: A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person. B) represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it. C) interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders. D) interfere with effective treatment of these disorders. 35. For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from: A) agoraphobia. B) major depressive disorder. C) PTSD. D) antisocial personality disorder. 36. Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor: A) mania. B) catatonia. C) dissociation. D) resiliency. 37. Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from: A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) panic disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.

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38. Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders. A) bipolar B) obsessive-compulsive C) generalized anxiety D) dissociative 39. Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n): A) decrease in self-focused thinking. B) increased expectation of negative outcomes. C) increased externalization of blame. D) increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure. 40. It has been suggested that compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to the survival of the human species. This idea best illustrates the ________ perspective. A) humanistic B) learning C) psychoanalytic D) biological 41. One facet of the positive psychology movement has been the introduction of a classification system designed to aid in the process of: A) assessing human strengths. B) explaining psychological disorders. C) reducing current reliance on the DSM-IV. D) shortening the time it takes to classify psychological disorders. 42. The antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by: A) a persistent, irrational fear of people. B) episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal. C) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity. D) a lack of guilt feelings. 43. The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by: A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness. B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. C) delusions of persecution and grandiosity. D) a lack of guilt feelings.

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44. A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by: A) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal. C) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. 45. The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of: A) social circumstances and psychological factors. B) biological evolution. C) the DSM-IV. D) genetically influenced abnormalities. 46. A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage: A) nonconformity. B) ingroup bias. C) groupthink. D) superordinate goals. 47. Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates: A) the just-world phenomenon. B) ingroup bias. C) the fundamental attribution error. D) scapegoating. 48. Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of: A) passionate love. B) social facilitation. C) self-disclosure. D) the mere exposure effect. 49. Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of: A) altruism. B) visual perception. C) learning. D) aggression.

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50. Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of: A) the mere exposure effect. B) informational social influence. C) normative social influence. D) social facilitation. 51. The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people: A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. 52. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to: A) neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group. B) perform simple tasks more effectively in the presence of others. C) comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request. D) experience an increasing attraction to novel stimuli as they become more familiar. 53. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to: A) neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group. B) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. C) lose self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity. D) comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request. 54. When a mild-mannered woman had an electrode implanted in her amygdala, she: A) developed more aggressive tendencies. B) acted just as she had before the implantation. C) became even milder, unable to even say no to anyone's request for help. D) lost her ability to remember events that had recently occurred.

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55. Four equally attractive women silently attended a 200-student class for zero, 5, 10, or 15 class sessions. When shown slides of each woman, students in the class rated the women who had attended ________ class sessions as the most attractive. A) zero B) 5 C) 10 D) 15 56. In explaining the actions of people we do not know well, we often demonstrate: A) the bystander effect. B) the mere exposure effect. C) the fundamental attribution error. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 57. Prejudice is best defined as: A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. 58. Deindividuation refers to: A) lack of critical thinking due to a strong desire for social harmony within a group. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. 59. Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates: A) altruism. B) deindividuation. C) the bystander effect. D) the just-world phenomenon.

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60. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called: A) superordinate goals. B) situational attributions. C) stereotypes. D) social norms.

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Answer Key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. D D D A A D B A B D B C B C B C A C C B B C D B C A C C C B C C B A B D B D B D A D A B

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45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

A A B C B C D C B A D C B C A C

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