Council of State Governments Justice Center | 1

Justice Reinvestment
in Hawaii

3
nd
Working Group Meeting
DetailedAnalyses
&PolicyDirec2on

November 29, 2011

Council of State Governments Justice Center
Marshall Clement, Project Director
Andy Barbee, Senior Research Associate
Robert Coombs, Senior Policy Analyst

=hfg\VXEX\aiXfg`Xag\a;TjT\\
BiXei\Xj
Thoio is consonsus anong policynakois in Hawaii that
tho stato noods to ioduco its dopondonco on out-ol-stato
piisons, whoio, as ol 2011, appioxinatoly ono-thiid
ol tho stato`s adult piison population is housod. At tho
sano tino, stato loadois aio dotoininod to ioduco vio-
lont ciino, which, liko tho stato piison population, has
incioasod signihcantly ovoi tho last docado.
Govoinoi Noil Aloicionlio, Chiol Justico Maik Rock-
tonwald, Sonato Piosidont Shan Tsutsui, Houso Spoakoi
Calvin Say and Dopaitnont ol Pullic Saloty Diioctoi Jodio Maosaka-Hiiata sook to onploy a data-diivon justico
ioinvostnont stiatogy to liing out-ol-stato piisonois lack to Hawaii, ioduco sponding on coiioctions, and ioin-
vost savings gonoiatod in stiatogios that would iovoiso iocont ciino tionds.
To this ond, thoy sought assistanco lion tho Buioau ol Justico Assistanco, a division ol tho U.S. Dopaitnont
ol Justico, and tho Pow Contoi on tho Statos. Tho stato loadois agiood to ostallish a lipaitisan, intoi-lianch
Justico Roinvostnont Woiking Gioup conpiising loading stato and local olhcials which would iocoivo inton-
sivo tochnical assistanco lion tho Council ol Stato Govoinnonts Justico Contoi, in paitnoiship with tho Pow
Contoi on tho Statos. Tho CSG Justico Contoi will assist tho woiking gioup in analyzing data and dovoloping a
conpiohonsivo sot ol policy options.
=haX%#$$
CebcXeglVe\`X[TfWXV_\aXWUhgi\b_XagVe\`X[Tf\aVeXTfXW!
- Hawaii`s violont ciino iato was iolativoly low in 2009, at 275 iopoitod incidonts poi 100,000 iosidonts, which
ianks it thiity-hlth anong tho statos. This ciino iato, howovoi, is up lion what it was in 2000. Hawaii was
ono ol only twolvo statos to oxpoiionco an incioaso in violont ciino iatos duiing this poiiod.
1
- Violont ciino incioasos woio diivon ly a signihcant iiso in tho iopoitod iapo iato, up hvo poicont lion 2000,
and aggiavatod assaults, up 37 poicont lion 2000. Muidoi and iolloiy iatos dioppod ly 38 poicont and 14
poicont, iospoctivoly.
2
- Duiing tho sano poiiod, tho nunloi ol aiiosts loi iopoitod iapo ollonsos iolativo to tho nunloi ol ollonsos
loll ly 30 poicont. In 2009, tho Honolulu Polico Dopaitnont ostinatod tho dopaitnont has a lacklog ol
sonowhoio lotwoon 143 and 203 soxual assault kits lolt unoxaninod.
3
- Botwoon 2000 and 2009, tho piopoity ciino iato dioppod 26 poicont in Hawaii, lion 4,955
4
to 3,661
5
iopoitod
ciinos poi 100,000 iosidonts. Dospito this doclino, Hawaii`s piopoity ciino iato ionains alovo tho national
avoiago, it is tho twollth highost in tho nation.
6
6e\`\aT_=hfg\VXGeXaWf\a;TjT\\
Funders and Partners
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 2
Overview
1. Justice Reinvestment Process
& Data Analyzed

2. Detailed Analysis & Policy Directions
3. Proposed Timeline & Next Steps
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 3
Engageinputfrom
stakeholders
Behavioralhealth&
treatmentproviders
Lawenforcement
Judges
Prosecutors
Defensebar
Vic=madvocates/survivors
Countyocials
Communitycorrec=ons
Proba=on

Collect&examine
quan9ta9vedata
Reportedcrime&arrests
Courtdisposi=on&
sentencing
Proba=onandcommunity
correc=onsprograms
Prisonadmissions,
popula=on&releases

Develop&presenta
comprehensiveanalysisof
thestatescriminaljus9ce
system

Developaframeworkof
policyop9onsthattogether
wouldincreasepublicsafety
andreduce/averttaxpayer
spending
1
Analysis
2
Implementa9on
3
Accountability
Ohio Justice Reinvestment Process
HawaiiJus9ceReinvestmentProcess
June-October

October-December

December-January

4Feb
Data Requested in Hawaii
Data Source Status
Arrests CJIS Received
Felony Court Filings and Dispositions JUD Received
Probation Placements, Terminations &
Population Snapshots
JUD Received
Jail and Prison Admissions, Releases &
Population Snapshots
PSD Received
Parole Population Snapshots & Board
Hearings
HPA Received
Risk / Needs Assessments ICIS Received
5
Overview
1. Justice Reinvestment Process
& Data Analyzed

2. Detailed Analysis & Policy Directions
3. Proposed Timeline & Next Steps
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 6
Key Findings
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 7
Crime,arrests,
andfelony
disposi9ons
havedeclined
butthe
incarcerated
popula9onhas
remainedstable,
because:
Pre-trialpopula=onhasincreaseddue
tolonglengthsofstay&low
percentageofreleasestosupervision
Increasingnumberdeniedparole,due
toprogrammingrequirementsof
lowriskoenders&boNlenecks
Paroleviolatorsarebeingheldlonger,
andincreasinglyheldtonishtheir
sentencewithoutsupervision.Length
ofproba=onislongerthanmoststates.
1.

2.

3.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Hawaiis PSD Population Has
Increased 18% from 2000 to 2011
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 8
Source: Hawaii PSD Annual Reports (2000-2008), communication from PSD staff
(2009-10), and PSD Weekly Population Updates (2011).
5,127
6,043
asof
June6,2011
6,251
Hawaii has contracted with mainland
facilities to house from 1/4 to 1/3 of
its inmates.
Crime Is Declining
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 9
Source: FBI UCR Crime Statistics 2006 and 2010; Crime & Justice in Hawaii: 2010
Household Survey Report, Hawaii Attorney General (August 30, 2011)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Violent Property
2006 2010
Felony Court Dispositions Declining
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 10
Source: HI AOC Database
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Prison 935 887 790 699 624
Proba=onw/Jail 921 1,015 977 947 1,009
Proba=on 432 425 414 376 345
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Proba=on Proba=onw/Jail Prison
In2011,31%ofindividuals
convictedofafelonywere
sentencedtoprison
Decline in Dispositions
Consistent Across Offense Types and Islands
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 11
FelonyGuiltyDisposi9onsbyOenseType
Oense FY2007 FY2011 %Chg
Violent 298 332 +11%
Sex 78 41 -47%
Property 1,051 932 -11%
Drug 644 433 -33%
DUI 30 22 -27%
Other 246 272 +11%
Total 2,347 2,032 -13%
q 60%oftheincreasedViolentdisposi=onsin
Oahuare1
st
and2
nd
DegreeAssaultand
Robbery.
q 33%oftheincreasedOtherdisposi=onsin
Oahuare1
st
and2
nd
DegreeTerroris=c
Threat.
FelonyGuiltyDisposi9onsbyCircuit
Circuit FY2007 FY2011 %Chg
Oahu 1,605 1,353 -16%
Maui 366 320 -13%
Hawaii 338 334 -1%
Kauai 38 25 -34%
Total 2,347 2,032 -13%
DrivenbyOahu
DrivenbyOahu
Source: HI AOC Database
Decline in Felony Prison Sentences
Consistent Across Offense Types
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 12
FelonyGuiltyDisposi9ons
Oense FY2007 FY2011
Violent 298 332
Sex 78 41
Property 1,051 932
Drug 644 433
DUI 30 22
Other 246 272
Total 2,347 2,032
Proba=on
FY2007 FY2011
13% 14%
9% 5%
18% 18%
25% 21%
23% 14%
22% 19%
20% 18%
Prison
FY2007 FY2011
38% 27%
42% 37%
39% 32%
44% 30%
27% 23%
36% 31%
40% 31%
Proba=onw/Jail
FY2007 FY2011
47% 56%
49% 56%
41% 48%
31% 48%
50% 64%
40% 48%
39% 50%
q Lessoveralluseofproba=onasthesentenceimposed.Mostlyconsistentacrossalloensetypes.
q Lessoveralluseofprisonasthesentenceimposed.Consistentacrossalloensetypes.
q Increaseduseofjailfollowedbyproba=onasthesentenceimposed.
Consistentacrossalloensetypes.
Source: HI AOC Database
Prison Population Declined by 14% (613 people)
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 13
Source: PSD data provided to CSG Justice Center for analysis (FY2006-2011 End of Year
Snapshot Population). Pre- and Post-Minimum Offenders include those sentenced
for a new conviction or a probation revocation.
Thepost-
minimum
sentenced
popula=on
increased
77%
Theparole
violator
popula=on
increased
37%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ParoleViolator 416 415 433 458 502 570
Post-Minimum 493 839 930 973 956 872
Pre-Minimum 3,556 3,219 3,094 2,967 2,806 2,420
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Pre-Minimum Post-Minimum ParoleViolator
Jail Population Increased 48% (694 people)
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 14
Source: : PSD data provided to CSG Justice Center for analysis (FY2006-2011 End of Year
Snapshot Population). Pre-Trial Population includes: Pre-Trial Felons, Pre-Trial
Misdemeanors, Probation Violators. Sentenced Jail Population includes: Sentenced
Misdemeanor, Sentenced Misdemeanor Probationer, and Sentenced Felon Probationer.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pre-TrialPopula=on 568 565 551 574 624 1233
SentencedJailPopula=on 914 917 890 940 1040 958
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Thepre-trial
popula=on
increased
117%
1,482
2,191
Yetadmissions
stayedstable
Summary of Pretrial Jail Trends
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 15
PT/PS
Felons
FY2006 FY2010 FY2011
Admissions 3,318 2,602 2,543
JunePop 405 413 741
PT
Misd.
FY2006 FY2010 FY2011
Admissions 4,132 4,826 4,164
JunePop 105 96 142
Proba9on
Violators
FY2006 FY2010 FY2011
Admissions 791 1,551 1,956
JunePop 58 115 350
Pretrialfelonyadmissionsare
trendingdownward,butthe
popula=ontrendedupwardsharply
inthepastyear.
Pretrialmisdemeanoradmissions
havebeenmostlystable,butthe
popula=ontrendedupwardsharply
inthepastyear.
Proba=onviolatoradmissionshave
beenincreasing,andthepopula=on
hastrendedupwardaccordingly.
Source: PSD Admissions Data from FY2006-2011; PSD End of Year Snapshot
Population Data, FY2006-2011
2006-11
%chg
-23%
+82%
2006-11
%chg
+147%
+503%
2006-11
%chg
+35%
+1%
Mapping of Pretrial Process:
Arrest to Case Disposition
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 16
Arrestand
Booking
intoJail
Ini=alCourt
Appearance
Bail
Reconsidera=on
Hearing
CaseDisposi=on
IntakeServices
Center(ISC)sta
conductbrief
screeningforMH
issues

Actual
assessmentof
riskNOT
conducted
Decisionof
whetherornot
tooermoney
bailop=onper
recommenda=on
ofprosecu=on

Ifbailnotposted,
defendant
detained
Requireslingby
defenseof
mo=onfor
hearingto
reconsider

ISCmustconduct
bailreport
priortoling

qOnOahu,
reconsidera=on
hearingisusually
5ormoreweeks
aiertheini=al
appearancefor
felonsand1or
moreweeksfor
misdemeanants.
Pretrial / Presentence Felony Release Trends
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 17
FY2006Releases(n=2,415)
Bail(33%)
ROR(8%)
SupvRel(34%)
Other(25%)
FY2011Releases(n=1,953)
Bail(42%)
ROR(14%)
SupvRel(29%)
Other(15%)
31days
84days
31days
32days
102days
59days
q ReleaseonOwnRecognizance(ROR)and
SupervisedRelease(SR)accountfor43%of
allpretrialfelonyreleases,butittakesthree
months.
AvgLOS
AvgLOS
Source: PSD Releases Data from FY2006-2011
Offense Type and Risk Level of
Pretrial Felons
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 18
PretrialFelonsasof
June30,2011

741
Domes=cViolence18
Violent/Sex
216
Property/Drug
339
Other
168
63%ofthe
nonviolentpretrial
felonsarelowrisk.
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database
Pretrial / Presentence Felony Release Trends:
Hawaii Compared to Other US Counties
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 19
AnalysisofFelonyCasesFiledandTypeofReleasefromJailDuringPretrialStatus*
County
Non-Financial MoneyBail NoPretrialRelease
%ofTot JailLOS %ofTot JailLOS %ofTot JailLOS
Honolulu,HI 27% 71days 30% 37days 41% 216days
Maricopa,AZ 39% 4days 13% 18days 8% 137days
LosAngeles,CA 13% 5days 17% 8days 63% 74days
39CountyAverage 14days 12days 121days
qOfthe39coun=esinthestudy,Honoluluhadthelongestaveragestayin
jailforthoseul=matelyreleasedonnon-nancialterms(recognizance,
supervisedrelease)ortomoneybail.
*BasedonBureauofJus=ceSta=s=csCourtProcessingSta=s=csProject(2004felonycasesled).
Finding 2:
77% Increase in Population Denied Parole
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 20
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011
SentencedFelonsIncarceratedBeyondMinimumReleaseDate
FY2006 FY2011 %Change
AllSentenced
Felons
4,059 3,292 -19%
#PastParole
Date
493 872 +77%
%ofAll
Sentenced
Felons
12% 27% +125%
Avg.MonthsPast
MinimumDate
28.8 27.5 -5%
Parole Rate Declining
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 21
40%
34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
FY2006 FY2010
ParoleApprovalRate
Board
Unconvinced
30%
Misconduct
5%
Program
Delay
65%
ReasonforDenial
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; HPA Annual
Reports; Analysis of Sample of Parole Board Decision Summaries
Assessment Unit Drives
Programs Required By Parole Board
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 22
NeedforSubstance
UseTreatment
Program
Yes
No
RiskofRecidivism
High
Med.
Low
High
Med.
Low
Recommendedfor
Programs
LikelytoBenet
fromProgram
Risk / Needs Matrix:
Sentenced Felons Beyond Parole Eligibility
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 23
NeedLevel
RiskLevel
Total
Low Medium High
NoTreatment 214 0 1 215
Incr.UAs;D/AEduc. 135 0 0 135
WeeklyTherapy 57 115 34 207
IOP 26 35 125 187
IR 7 15 66 88
TC 0 7 25 32
AssessforPsychopathy 0 0 8 8
Total 440 173 260 872
OutsideProgramming
InsideProgramming
NoProgramming
310(35%)
121(14%)
441(51%)
q Ofthosebeyondparoleeligibility,only14%needprison-basedprogramming.Yet,
two-thirdsareawai=ngprison-basedprogramminginordertobereleasedto
parole.
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database
Risk / Needs Matrix:
Sentenced Felons within 1 Year of Parole Eligibility
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 24
NeedLevel
RiskLevel
Total
Low Medium High
NoTreatment 122 1 2 125
Incr.UAs;D/AEduc. 107 0 0 107
WeeklyTherapy 35 86 30 151
IOP 17 30 114 161
IR 2 12 41 55
TC 0 4 18 22
AssessforPsychopathy 0 0 11 11
Total 283 133 216 632
OutsideProgramming
InsideProgramming
NoProgramming
260(41%)
86(14%)
286(45%)
q Ofthosew/inoneyearofparoleeligibility,only14%needprison-based
programming.
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database
58% of Low Risk Inmates Denied Release to Parole
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 25
Aug-Oct2011
ParoleHearings
Total
Low
Risk
Medium
Risk
High
Risk
TotalHearings 542 272 107 163
Denials 330 158 65 107
DenialRate 61% 58% 61% 66%
Almosthalfofallparoledenialswerelow-riskinmates.
Source: HPA Hearings Database FY 2011; ICIS Database
Low
Medium
High
Sentenced Felony Prisoners and
Select Drug Offenses by Risk Level
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 26
Oense Total Low Medium High
Promo=ngaDangerousDrug3 220 71 47 102
ProhibitedActsRelatedtoDrugParaph. 187 73 31 83
Subtotal 407 144 78 185
q 55%ofthethoseincarcerated
fortheaboveoensesarelow
ormediumrisk.
Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database
Finding 3:
37% Increase in Parole Violator Population
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 27
Source: HPA Annual Reports; PSD Annual Release Population Data from FY2006-2011;
PSD End of Year Snapshot Data, FY2006-2011
Admissions LengthofStay Popula9on
x
=
FY2006 FY2011
0611
%chg
416 570 37%
FY2006 FY2011
0611
%chg
19.0 28.3 49%
Thenumberofparole
violatorshasdeclined,but
theaveragelengthofstay
hasincreasedsignicantly,
requiring570bedsin
FY2011.
Analyzingtheriskofparole
violatorsandtheircriminal
historieswillhelpdeterminehow
muchbenetthisincapacita=on
periodislikelyhaving.
HPA#ofParoleViolators
FY2006 FY2010
0610
%chg
364 220 -40%
Large Increase in Number of
High Risk Prisoners Maxing Out
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 28
Typeof
Release
FY2006 FY2011
#Rels %HighRisk #Rels %HighRisk
Parole 557 11% 595 23%
MaxOut 121 12% 247 41%
Other 53 15% 26 46%
Total 731 12% 868 29%
SentencedFelonReleases(excludesparoleviolators)
(15to101
increaseinhigh
riskrels)
Source: PSD Annual Release Population Data from FY2006-2011; ICIS Database
Basedonanalysisoffelonyandmisdemeanorarrestdata,53%of
FY2008maxoutswererearrestedwithin3yearsofbeingreleased.
Only28%ofFY2008releasestoparolewererearrestedwithin3
yearsofbeingreleased.
80% of Parole Population Is Low Risk
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 29
EndofFiscalYearParolePopula9onbyRiskLevel
Year %Low %Med %High ParolePop
2008 78% 12% 10% 1,950
2011 80% 14% 6% 1,862
Source: HPA Annual Reports; HPA Database; ICIS Database
Low
Medium
High
Probation Population Has
Increased by 15% Since FY 2006
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 30
Degree
FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011
Total 16,079 16,451 16,424 16,935 17,771 18,542
Felony 10,059 10,379 10,685 11,168 11,423 11,778
Misd. 5,975 6,034 5,704 5,733 6,317 6,715
Other 45 38 35 34 31 49
Source: HI AOC Database
Probation Lengths in the Largest U.S. Counties
Rarely Last More than Three Years
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 31
*BasedonBJSstudyofdefendantschargedinMay2006withfelonyoense
hNp://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/fdluc06.pdf(AppendixTable12)

Distribu9onofProba9onLengthsbyOenseDegree*
OenseDegree 1-12mos 13-24mos 25-36mos 37+mos
Felony 16% 36% 31% 18%
Misdemeanor 54% 29% 16% 1%
InLargestUSCounEes...
InHawaii...
Distribu9onofProba9onLengthsbyOenseDegree
OenseDegree 1-12mos 13-24mos 25-36mos 37+mos
Felony 2% 1% 1% 96%
Misdemeanor 83% 15% 1% 1%
Fewerthan5%of
felony
proba=onersin
Hawaiiare
orderedtoterms
of3yearsorless.
Comparedwith
83%inlargestUS
urbancoun=es
q 60%ofthefelony
proba=onersreceiving
termsof37+months
arelowrisk.
Source: HI AOC Database
Key Finding & Policy Direction:
Pre-Trial Population
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 32
Amendcourt/PSDprocessto
providejudgewith
informa9onaboutriskof
rearrestandfailureto
appearatini9alappearance.
Setgoalstoreduce
averagelengthofstay
forindividualswhoare
alreadyreleasedonpre-
trialsupervisionorROR.
1.
Pre-trialpopula=onhasincreasedduetolonglengthsofstay
&lowpercentageofreleasestosupervision
Key Finding & Policy Direction:
Sentenced Population
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 33
Tailorprogramming
requirementstoriskof
recidivismandcriminogenic
need.
Makesureparole
releasedecisionsare
informedbyriskof
recidivism.
2.
Increasingnumberdeniedparole,duetoprogramming
requirementsoflowriskoenders&boNlenecks
Allowjudgesgreater
discre9ontodetermine
whencertaindrugoenders
requireaprisonvs.jailterm.
Key Finding & Policy Direction:
Parole & Probation
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 34
Reducelengthofstay
andcostsassociatedwith
punishingparole
violatorstoensure
sucientresourcesarein
placetochangebehavior.
Ensureaperiodof
supervisionattheendof
everyoenderssentencefor
holdingoenders
accountableandtransi9oning
thembacktothecommunity.
3.
Paroleviolatorsarebeingheldlonger,andincreasinglyheld
tonishtheirsentencewithoutsupervision.Lengthof
proba=onislongerthanmoststates.
Strengthenproba9onsupervisionbyfocusingresourceson
theini9al1-2yearsofsupervision&expandingtreatment.
Potential Bed Reduction From
Addressing Key Drivers
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 35
Pre-trialpopula=onhas
recentlydoubled
Increasingnumberdenied
parole,mostlydueto
programmingboNlenecks
Paroleviolatorsarebeingheld
longer,andincreasinglyheldto
nishtheirsentencewithout
supervision
1.

2.

3.
IncreaseSinceFY2006:

665

379

154

Total:1,198
Overview
1. Justice Reinvestment Process
& Data Analyzed

2. Detailed Analysis & Policy Directions
3. Proposed Timeline & Next Steps
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 36
Proposed Timeline
Dates Activity
November 29 Working Group Meeting
(detailed data analysis & policy direction)

November-December Policy Development &
Stakeholder Consultation
January 17 Working Group Meeting
(detailed policy options)

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 37
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 38
Thank You
This material was prepared for the State of Hawaii. The presentation was
developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center
staff. Because presentations are not subject to the same rigorous review
process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views of
the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice
Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding
agency supporting the work.