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Herbarium Book
JA NUA RY, 2 011
This herbarium book contains scanned plant specimens collected from the Estero Americano Preserve, which is located near the town of Bodega, California. This project arose out of the grassland monitoring project designed to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle grazing for coastal grassland enhancement. During the spring to summer months of 2009 and 2010 specimens were collected, pressed, verified for identification, labeled, and scanned, so that future participants working on the monitoring project will have a helpful aid for noting species present at the Preserve.
The Estero Americano is a scenic tidal estuary that stretches from Valley Ford to the Pacific Ocean. Photo by Stephen Joseph Photography.
The Sonoma Land Trusts Estero Americano Preserve is a scenic and biologically diverse 127acre property located near the town of Bodega along the Estero Americano, a tidal estuary that extends from Valley Ford to the Pacific Ocean. The Preserve was acquired in 1997 and 2001 in partnership with California State Coastal Conservancy and the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District. The Preserve was purchased with the goal of protecting the coastal estuary, upland environments and other sensitive resources; allowing for restoration of habitat areas; and providing limited public access.
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A 2007 coastal grassland assessment by local consulting botanists identified much of the grassland area of the Preserve as coastal prairie. Coastal prairie is a perennial-grass dominated community with at least 10-15% relative cover of native grasses and forbs. Some of the native plant species found on the Preserve include: California oatgrass, purple needlegrass, tufted hairgrass, junegrass, lupine, harlequin lotus, early blue violet, Douglass iris, and California blackberry. These plant species persist among non-native annual and perennial grasses and forbs that arrived in the area some years ago.
CATTLE GRAZING FOR COASTAL PRAIRIE ENHANCEMENT
Coastal grassland systems are threatened by shrub and tree encroachment, invasion and dominance by non-native annual and perennial grasses, and habitat loss due to housing development. Management activities such as mowing, grazing and prescribed burning can mimic beneficial disturbance regimes, control brush encroachment and the negative impacts of non-native species as well as promote native species. Grazing is often the most economical, practical and reliable method for managing grasslands at a large scale. Drawing on previous research across California grassland ecosystems, SLT is working under the assumption that livestock grazing will benefit native flora found in the Estero grasslands by reducing the biomass and cover of exotic grasses, such as wild oats and brome grasses. Central to this management assumption is that native species are limited by competition with exotic grasses, and that properly-timed grazing will decrease exotic grass cover and biomass and correspondingly increase the abundance of native species.
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PARTNERSHIPS
To better understand the role of livestock grazing and other management activities at the Estero, SLT is working with multiple partners to assess the coastal grasslands, improve grazing infrastructure, and develop plans for grazing management and ecological monitoring for the coastal prairie grassland found on the property. The State Coastal Conservancy (SCC), Gold Ridge Resource Conservation District (RCD) the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have provided funding and technical assistance for coastal grassland management and water quality enhancement projects. SLT is also collaborating with the Coastal Prairie Enhancement Feasibility Study (CPEFS) to utilize grazing exclosures for the study the cattle grazing impacts on invasive velvetgrass (holcus lanatus).
GRAZING PLAN AND GRASSLAND MONITORING PLAN
Gold Ridge RCD has generously supported SLT with the development of both a grazing management plan and a grassland monitoring plan to guide and track livestock management activities at the Estero Americano Preserve for years to come. Certified Rangeland Manager Lisa Bush assessed the Preserve to determine grassland production values and appropriate stocking levels for the grazing management plan and Dr. Caroline Christian developed the
grassland monitoring plan to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle grazing in achieving SLTs conservation goals for the Preserve. Livestock are managed by local operator Joe Pozzi, recently honored with the Farm Bureaus first Luther Burbank Conservation Award for his efforts to protect the countys natural resources. These plans set clear management goals and provide an opportunity to manage the property adaptively based on information from the monitoring program. The grazing management and monitoring plans are aimed at highlighting conservation values, such as the preservation of native species, healthy soils, and water quality, while at the same time supporting a working landscape that promotes historical uses of the land.
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Each spring, SLT works with volunteers and Sonoma State University interns to measure various aspects of the grassland vegetation at 29 permanent one square meter monitoring plots throughout the preserve. Examples of the variables monitored include: percent cover and frequency and richness (number) of all native and exotic plant species. Measurement of these variables helps to provide a more complete picture about the health of the grasslands through time and help SLT staff determine if invasive plant species like velvet grass are increasing or decreasing in abundance.
Gold Ridge Resource Conservation District staff Brittany Heck and Noelle Johnson (left) and Sonoma State University interns Connor Ross and Kara Doolin (right) provided assistance with data collection; Dr. Caroline Christian leading the grass identification training (center). Photos by Shanti Wright.
EXOTIC SPECIES
As with all grasslands found throughout California, exotic grasses both perennial and exotic dominate the Estero grasslands. Overall, 80% of the grassland is covered by exotic species, mostly annual grasses. Although this number may seem high to those unfamiliar with grasslands, grassland ecosystems have been hit hard by invasive species, leaving little room for native plant species to thrive. The monitoring program is designed to look at several noxious grassland weeds and to detect the arrival of new exotic species.
NOTABLE NATIVES
Given the dominance of invasive grasses, the team was pleased to learn that the Preserve has a phenomenal amount of native perennial grass, rush and sedge species, which together comprise on average over 20% of the vegetation cover in the grasslands. During the spring, tall stands of California hairgrass, purple needlegrass, and California brome undulate across the hillsides as coastal breezes sweep in from the Estero. Some notable native wildflowers also found in the spring include bulbs, such as ground brodiaea, blue-eyed grass, and Ithuriels spear, and forbs, such as California acaena, lupine, and a multitude of clovers.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many individuals contributed to the success of the grassland monitoring project and herbarium book. Special thanks go to Dr. Caroline Christian of Sonoma State University whose vision and guidance made these efforts possible. Dr. Christian authored the monitoring plan and continues to provide direction for its implementation. Gold Ridge Resource Conservation District generously supported the development of the grazing management and grassland monitoring plans, and RCD staff Noelle Johnson, Brittany Heck, and Sierra Cantor assisted with data and plant specimen collection. Liz Parsons and Michael Hogan of the CNPS Milo Baker Chapter helped identify plant species during the 2009 monitoring and Peter Warner, botanical consultant, identified specimens in 2010 and verified all of the samples within the herbarium. Sonoma State University interns Karissa Westphal and Tammie Lindstrom and volunteer April Owens spent many hours preparing the plant specimens for this book. The monitoring project and herbarium book effort was coordinated by Shanti Wright, Sonoma Land Trusts Stewardship Project Manager for the Estero Americano Preserve. The herbarium book introduction was prepared by Dr. Caroline Christian, faculty with the Environmental Studies and Planning Department at Sonoma State University, in collaboration with Shanti Wright. The herbarium book is a work in progress that will expand over time. For updates to this document, or for additional information about vegetation management activities occurring at the Estero Americano Preserve, please contact Sonoma Land Trust at: (707) 5266930 or visit www.sonomalandtrust.org.
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o ster
La
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57 61 59 67 52 47 25 46 51 37 43 36 1 2 3 34 51 35 125 9 23 20 21
24
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Legend
Property Boundary Study Points 40 ft contours
Feet 1,000
250
500
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Woodwardia fimbriata Pteridium aquilinum Polystichum munitum Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Athyrium filix-femina Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Pinus radiata
giant chain fern bracken fern western sword fern giant horsetail common lady fern Monterey cypress Monterey pine Dryopteridaceae Cupressus macrocarpa Pteridium aquilinumvar. pubescens
12 13 14 15 16
GYMNOSPERMS
Anacardiaceae Apiaceae
Toxicodendron diversilobum Conium maculatum Daucus pusillus Eryngium armatum Heracleum lanatum Ligusticum apiifolium Lomatium utriculatum Sanicula crassicaulis Torilis nodosa
western poison oak poison hemlock rattlesnake weed armed coyote thistle cow parsnip celeryleaf licorice-root spring gold lomatium Pacific sanicle knotted hedge parsley yarrow pearly everlasting Douglass mugwort coyote brush English daisy Italian thistle brownie thistle bull thistle brass buttons narrowleaf cottonrose purple cudweed gumplant hayfield tarweed sneeze-weed smooth cats-ear rough cats-ear marsh jaumea slender tarweed coast tarweed H. congesta ssp. congesta Filago gallica Gnaphalium purpureum
yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no no yes no no no yes yes yes yes no no yes yes yes 33 34 35 36 32 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 21 20 17 18 19
Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium Anaphalis margaritacea Artemisia douglasiana Baccharis pilularis Bellis perennis Carduus pycnocephalus Cirsium quercetorum Cirsium vulgare Cotula coronopifolia Logfia gallica Gamochoeta purpurea Grindelia stricta Hemizonia congesta ssp. lutescens Helenium puberulum Hypochaeris glabra Hypochaeris radicata Jaumea carnosa Madia gracilis Madia sativa
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GROUP
FAMILY
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
NATIVE
Page #
Asteraceae (continued)
Matricaria matricarioides Microseris acuminata Microseris bigelovii Psilocarphus tenellus var. tenellus Psuedognaphalium ramosissimum Sonchus asper ssp. asper Symphyotrichum chilense Wyethia augustifolia
pineapple weed silverpuffs coastal silverpuffs woolly marbles pink cudweed prickly sow thistle creeping aster mules ears salt heliotrope changing forget-menot watercress snowberry mouse-ear chickweed windmill pink red sand-spurrey fat hen pickleweed Coast Range false bindweed purple western morning-glory short-stemmed morning-glory bindweed powdery live-forever coast man-root miniature lotus Spanish clover calf lotus harlequin lotus Caley pea slender lotus birds-foot trefoil miniature lupine variable-colored lupine chick lupine rancheria clover bearded clover
Chamomilla suaveolens
37 38
39
Boraginaceae
40 41 42 43
Nasturtium officinale Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus Cerastium glomeratum Silene gallica Spergularia rubra
Rorippa nasturtiumaquaticum
44 45 46 47
ANGIOSPERMS/DICOTS
Chenopodiaceae Convolvulaceae
Atriplex triangularis Salicornia virginica Calystegia collina ssp. collina Calystegia purpurata ssp. purpurata Calystegia subacaulis Convolvulus arvensis
48 49 50 51 52 53
Dudleya farinosa Marah oreganus Acmispon parviflorus Acmispon americanus var. americanus Acmispon wrangelianus Hosackia gracilis Lathyrus hirsutus Lotus angustissimus Lotus corniculatus Lupinus bicolor Lupinus variicolor Lupinus microcarpus var. microcarpus Trifolium albopurpureum Trifolium barbigerum var. barbigerum
Lotus micranthus Lotus purshianus var. purshianus Lotus wrangelianus Lotus formosissimus
54 55 56 57 58 59
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GROUP
FAMILY
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
NATIVE
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Fabaceae (continued)
Trifolium campestre Trifolium dubium Trifolium glomeratum Trifolium gracilentum Trifolium macraei Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium striatum Trifolium wormskioldii Vicia hirsuta Vicia sativa Vicia tetrasperma
hop clover little hop clover shamrock clustered clover pinpoint clover Macraes clover subterranean clover knotted clover cow clover tiny vetch spring vetch lentil vetch alkalie sea-heath Muhlenbergs centaury red-stemmed filaree musky storks-bill cutleaf geranium coast black gooseberry pennyroyal coyote mint self-heal hedge-nettle pale flax hyssop loosestrife checker mallow red maid California wax myrtle scarlet pimpernel farewell-to-spring fringed willowherb sun cup Marin coast paintbrush yellow glandweed California poppy bush monkeyflower large monkeyflower California plantain English plantain tall coastal plantain Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Portulacaceae Myrica californica Primulaceae Stachys ajugoides var. rigida Centaurium muehlenbergii
no no no yes yes no no yes no no no yes yes no no no yes no yes yes yes no no yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes 79 80 81 82 83 84 77 78 76 74 75 70 71 72 73 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 60
Frankenia salina Zeltnera muehlenbergii Erodium cicutarium Erodium moschatum Geranium dissectum
Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum Mentha pulegium Monardella villosa spp. franciscana Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata Stachys rigida var. rigida
Linum bienne Lythrum hyssopifolia Sidalcea malviflora ssp. malviflora Calandrinia ciliata Morella californica Anagallis arvensis Clarkia amoena Epilobium ciliatum Camissonia ovata
Orobanchaceae
Eschscholzia californica Mimulus aurantiacus Mimulus guttatus Plantago erecta Plantago lanceolata Plantago subnuda
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GROUP
FAMILY
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
NATIVE
Page #
Veronica americana Navarretia squarrosa Eriogonum latifolium Eriogonum nudum Rumex acetosella Rumex pulcher Rumex conglomeratus
American speedwell skunkweed coast buckwheat nude buckwheat sheep sorrel fiddle dock clustered dock California buttercup California acaena wood strawberry California horkelia ninebark silverweed cinquefoil eglantine rose California blackberry field madder bee plant early blue violet soap plant Santa Barbara sedge dense sedge Olneys hairy sedge Harfords sedge slough sedge smallbract sedge foothill sedge Douglass iris blue-eyed grass Bolanders rush toad rush leafybract dwarf rush soft rush western rush spreading rush brownhead rush hairy wood rush pussy ears redtop bentgrass bentgrass Halls bentgrass
Scrophulariaceae
yes no yes yes no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes
85 86 87 88 89 90 91
Ranunculaceae Rosaceae
Ranunculus californicus Acaena pinnatifida var. californica Fragaria vesca Horkelia californica Physocarpus capitatus Potentilla anserina spp. pacifica Rosa eglanteria Rubus ursinus
92 93 94
Sherardia arvensis Scrophularia californica Viola adunca Chlorogalum pomeridianum Carex barbarae Carex densa Carex gynodynama Carex harfordii Carex obnupta Carex subbracteata Carex tumulicola
Liliaceae
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no ? yes
ANGIOSPERMS/MONOCOTS
Iridaceae Juncaceae
Iris douglasiana Sisyrinchium bellum Juncus bolanderi Juncus bufonius var. bufonius Juncus capitatus Juncus effusus var. brunneus Juncus occidentalis Juncus patens Juncus phaeocephalus Luzula comosa
Liliaceae Poaceae
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GROUP
FAMILY
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
NATIVE
Page #
Poaceae (continued)
Aira caryophyllea Anthoxanthum odoratum Avena barbata Brachypodium distachyon Briza maxima Briza minor Bromus carinatus var. carinatus Bromus diandrus Bromus hordeaceus Bromus madritensis ssp. madritensis Cynosurus echinatus Dactylis glomerata Danthonia californica var. californica Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. holciformis Distichlis spicata Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus Ehrharta erecta Festuca idahoensis Holcus lanatus Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum Hordeum murinum Koeleria macrantha Lolium multiflorum Lolium perenne Nassella lepida Nassella pulchra Poa annua Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Poa unilateralis Polypogon monspeliensis Rytidosperma penicillatum Schedonorus arundinaceus Taeniatherum caput-medusae Vulpia bromoides
silver European hairgrass sweet vernal grass slender wild oat false brome rattlesnake grass little quaking grass California brome ripgut brome soft chess foxtail chess hedgehog dogtail orchard grass California oatgrass tufted hairgrass tufted hairgrass saltgrass blue wildrye panic veldtgrass Idaho fescue velvet grass meadow barley Mediterranean barley mouse barley Junegrass Italian ryegrass perennial ryegrass foothill needlegrass purple needlegrass annual bluegrass Kentucky bluegrass ocean-bluff bluegrass annual beard grass hairy oatgrass tall fescue Medusahead six-weeks fescue ground brodiaea Ithuriels spear Liliaceae Liliaceae
no no no no no no yes no no no no no yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes no no yes no no yes yes no no yes no no no no no yes yes
ANGIOSPERMS/MONOCOTS
129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141-142
Themidaceae
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966 Sonoma Avenue Santa Rosa, CA 95404 www.SonomaLandTrust.org (707) 526-6930 Fax: (707) 526-3001