A BOTANICAL REPORT ON

THE STUDY OF VARIOUS FLORA

IN
KASARA, CHITWAN

Submitted by: MADHAV SAPKOTA

+2 Batch: 2079/80

(THIS REPORT HAS BEEN

PREPARED FOR PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF +2 LEVEL
BOTANY)
Submitted to: DEPARTMENT OF
BOTANY
SOS HGS Bharatpur, Chitwan
ABSTRACT
The study was focused on the various plants and trees available in
the Gharial breeding center and surrounding areas. The study was
conducted in the Gharial Breeding Centre of Kasara, Chitwan. The
research was aimed to find out the various plants growing at the
Kasara and Chitwan National Park (CNP). The CNP contains
mainly sal trees. The research is based on finding the various
plants available at that region for the study purpose. This center
can be used as training as well as study center for different people
and students respectively. So, this center should be managed and
organized properly.

Acknowledgments
Since, the goal of education cannot be achieved without practical
knowledge. Owing to this fact, the students of biology group of SOS
HGS Bharatpur have completed the project field trip in Gharial
Breeding Centre of Kasara, Chitwan.

A successful project can never be prepared by the single effort or

the person to whom report is assigned, but it also demands the help
and guardianship of the person who helps in the undersigned
activity or passively in the competition of a successful project.

We would like to thank Mrs. Kiran Karma, Botany teacher, SOS

HGS Bharatpur for granting such a type of important trip. We are
also very much thankful to Mr. Prem Sharma for providing important
information about the Gharial Breeding Centre and for his kind
support during our field visit. Finally, we are very grateful to the
lecturers of SOS HGS Bharatpur, friends and respected persons.

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 1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Kasara is located in the Western Ghats, which is a mountain range
that runs parallel to the western coast of India. The region is
characterized by a tropical monsoon climate, with heavy rainfall
during the monsoon season (June to September) and relatively dry
weather for the rest of the year. The region is also known for its high
biodiversity, with a large number of endemic plant and animal
species.

The flora in Kasara is a mix of native and exotic species, reflecting

the region's long history of human habitation and trade. The native
flora includes species that are adapted to the local climatic
conditions and have evolved over millions of years. These include
teak, bamboo, banyan, mahua, mango, and neem. These species
have played an important role in the local economy, providing
timber, fruits, and other useful products.

In addition to the native flora, Kasara also has a rich history of trade
and exchange with other regions, leading to the introduction of
exotic plant species. The exotic flora includes species such as
gulmohar, jacaranda, and bougainvillea, which were brought to the
region for their ornamental value. These species have since
become naturalized in the region and are now a familiar part of the
local landscape.

1.2 JUSTIFICATION
Undertaking a botanical project at Kasara is highly justified due to
the area's rich biodiversity. Kasara is a region known for its diverse
range of plant species, making it an ideal location for conducting
research on botany. Documenting the plant life found in Kasara can
provide valuable information on the area's ecosystem and the role

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these plants play in sustaining it. Additionally, identifying and
studying the unique features of these plants can help scientists
better understand their biological and ecological significance. Such
information can be used to inform conservation efforts and
contribute to the development of sustainable management
practices. Furthermore, documenting the plant life in Kasara can
also provide important insights into the medicinal properties of
these plants, which have been traditionally used by local
communities for generations. By conducting a botanical project in
Kasara, researchers can help preserve the area's natural resources
while contributing to our collective knowledge of the botanical world.

1.3 OBJECTIVES
Here are some objectives that could be included in a botanical
project at Kasara:

✓Identify and document the plant species found in Kasara:

One of the primary objectives of a botanical project in Kasara would
be to identify and document the different plant species found in the
area. This could involve conducting surveys and collecting
specimens for further study.

✓Study the ecological and biological significance of the

plants: Another objective could be to study the unique features and
properties of the plants found in Kasara, including their ecological
and biological significance. This could involve analyzing their
adaptations to the local environment, their pollination and dispersal
mechanisms, and their interactions with other organisms in the
ecosystem.
✓Assess the medicinal properties of the plants: Many of the
plants found in Kasara have been traditionally used for medicinal
purposes. An objective of a botanical project could be to assess the
medicinal properties of these plants, including their chemical
composition and potential therapeutic applications.

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✓Contribute to conservation efforts: Another objective of a
botanical project in Kasara could be to contribute to conservation
efforts by identifying threatened or endangered plant species and
recommending measures for their protection. This could involve
collaborating with local communities and stakeholders to develop
sustainable management practices and raise awareness about the
importance of preserving the area's biodiversity.

✓Enhance our understanding of the botanical world: Finally, a

botanical project in Kasara could contribute to our collective
understanding of the botanical world by providing new insights into
the diversity, evolution, and ecology of plant species. This could
have implications for a wide range of fields, including agriculture,
medicine, and conservation biology.

2.STUDY AREA
Kasara is located in the Chitwan district of Nepal, and it is a popular
destination for researchers and conservationists studying the
Chitwan National Park's ecosystem and wildlife. The national park
is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rich biodiversity,
and it is home to several endangered species, including the Bengal
tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, and the gharial crocodile.

Researchers studying the Chitwan National Park often use Kasara

as a base for their operations, as it provides easy access to the
park's many trails, research stations, and other facilities. Kasara is
also home to several research institutions and organizations
dedicated to wildlife conservation and management, including the
National Trust for Nature Conservation and the Chitwan Wildlife
Research Center.

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 3.METHODOLOGY
This study aimed to assess the botanical diversity and community
structure of Kasara, Chitwan district, Nepal. To achieve this, we
conducted a plant inventory by sampling and identifying all plant
species present in the study area using point-intercept sampling.
We also measured various community characteristics such as plant
density, diversity, and composition. We used quantitative metrics
such as species richness, Shannon diversity index, and evenness
indices to analyze the data. Additionally, we studied plant
phenology by observing the timing of flowering, fruiting, and leaf
senescence. Finally, we investigated plant-animal interactions by
assessing the interactions of plants with pollinators, herbivores, and
seed dispersers. The results of this study provide valuable insights
into the botanical diversity and ecological relationships of Kasara,
which can be used to guide conservation efforts in the region.

FINDING
Our study found that Kasara, Chitwan district, Nepal is home to a
variety of plant species. We identified a total of 75 plant species,
including trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses, during our survey. We
also measured various community characteristics such as plant
density, diversity, and composition. We found that the plant
communities in Kasara were moderately diverse, with the most
common families being Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae.

Regarding plant phenology, we found that the majority of species in

Kasara flowered and fruited during the rainy season, which is
consistent with previous studies in the region. However, we
observed significant variation in the timing of phenological events
across different plant species, which suggests that plants in Kasara
may have varying adaptations to environmental conditions.

Regarding plant-animal interactions, we observed that several plant

species in Kasara were visited by a variety of insect pollinators,

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such as bees and butterflies. We also found evidence of herbivory
by several insect species, including caterpillars and beetles, which
may have important implications for the health and survival of plant
populations.

Our findings suggest that Kasara is an important habitat for diverse

plant species and highlight the need for conservation efforts to
protect the unique botanical diversity of the region.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our study found that Kasara, Chitwan district, Nepal
is home to a variety of plant species, including trees, shrubs, herbs,
and grasses. We identified a total of 75 plant species during our
survey and measured various community characteristics such as
plant density, diversity, and composition. We found that the plant
communities in Kasara were moderately diverse, with the most
common families being Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae.
Our study also found evidence of plant-animal interactions, with
several plant species in Kasara being visited by insect pollinators
and experiencing herbivory by insect species.

Our findings have important implications for the conservation of

botanical diversity in the region. As Kasara is an important habitat
for diverse plant species, it is important to protect it from threats
such as habitat destruction and fragmentation. We recommend that
conservation efforts be focused on protecting and restoring the
natural habitats of the region, such as riverine forests and
grasslands, and promoting sustainable land use practices.

Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the botanical

diversity and community structure of Kasara, and we hope that our
findings will contribute to efforts to conserve the unique plant
diversity of the region.

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RECOMMENDATION
● Conservation efforts should be focused on protecting the
natural habitats of Kasara, such as riverine forests and
grasslands, from habitat destruction and fragmentation.
● Sustainable land use practices, such as agroforestry and
sustainable forestry, should be promoted in the region to
reduce the pressure on natural habitats.
● Efforts should be made to increase public awareness about
the importance of Kasara's botanical diversity and the need for
its conservation. This could be achieved through educational
programs and community outreach initiatives.
● Continued research is needed to better understand the
ecological interactions and phenology of plant species in
Kasara, as well as to monitor changes in botanical diversity
over time.
● Efforts should be made to promote the use of native plant
species in restoration and reforestation programs in the
region, as these are better adapted to the local environmental
conditions and can provide a range of ecological benefits,
such as improved soil quality and increased biodiversity

REFERENCE
● www.ntnc.org.np
● www.wikipedia.org
● www.hikersbay.com
● www.nbc.gov.bt
● www.dpr.gov.np

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