4

fw;wy; NgW 1.1 gy;NtW #oy;fspy; 1. gpwu; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; gz;Gld; NgRtu; 2.

gbepiy tsu;r;rp gy;NtW #oy;fspy; tpUe;jpdu;fis tuNtw;fg; gad;gLk; nrhw;fis mwptu;. gy;NtW #oy;fspy; tpUe;jpdu;fisg; gz;Gld; tuNtw;gu;. rpW gj;jpfisr; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpg;gu;. ciuahly; gFjpiar; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpg;gu;. rupahd msT> ,ilntsp> tuptbtk;> mikg;G Mfpatw;NwhL thf;fpaq;fs;> gonkhopfs; Nghd;wtw;iwvOJtu; rupahd msT> ,ilntsp> tuptbtk;> mikg;G Mfpatw;NwhL ghly;> ftpij Nghd;wtw;iw vOJtu; $wg;gLk; mwptpg;igg Gupe;J nfhz;L nrhy;> nrhw;nwhliu kPz;Lk; $Wtu;. $wg;gLk; mwptpg;igg Gupe;J nfhz;L thf;fpaq;fshf kPz;Lk; $Wtu;. nra;jp / mwptpg;G

,yf;fzk; ,yf;fpak; gz;gg; ngau;

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; mZFKiwfs; #oyikTf;fy;tp jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk;

ghlg; nghUs; guprspg;G tpoh Rje;jpu jpdk; $l;Lg; gzp

Fwpg; G

2.1

1. vOj;J>nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlu; 2. Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpj;Jg; Gupe;J nfhs;tu; 1. rupahdmsT ,ilntsp> tuptbtk;> mikg;G Mfpatw;NwhL Vw;w 2. epWj;jw;FwpfSld; vOJtu;

Fwpy; neby;

rpWtu; jpdk;

3.1

gonkhop

1.2

Ntz;LNfhs; tpLg;gu;>1. Ntz;LNfhis epiwNtw;Wtu;; mwptpg;G nra;tu;. 2.

fhyk; epwj;jf;Fwpf s; vOtha; gadpiy

gy;tif Ez;zhw;wpT rpe;jidj; jpwd;

Nghl;b tpisahl;L jw;fhg;Gf; fiyfs; ePjp fijfs;

2.2

gy;NtW tifahd

1.

nrag;gLnghUs

 4 thrpg;Gg; gFjpfisr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G> Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw; 2. g nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. 1. 3.2 jdp thf;fpak; mikg;gu;. 3 1.3 Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; 1. nfhs;s ciuahluy Nkw;nfhs;tu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapd; 1. Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij mwptu;. 2. Nfs;tpfs; jahupg;gu; 3.3 1. 2. tptuj;ijg; ngWtjw;F vspikahd Nfs;tpfs; jahupg;gu;. tptuj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tpdhr;nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jpf; Nfs;tpfs; jahupg;gu;. jd; NjitfSf;F nghUs; thq;f ciuahLtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpia thrpj;J Kjd;ik thf;fpaj;ij milahsq;fz;L $Wtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpia thrpj;J Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij mwpjy;. fhyk; tpidr;nrhy; #oyikTf;fy;tp fl;Ltpak; kf;fs; jiytu; Jg;GuT ,af;fk; md;idau; jpdk; fy;tpr; Rw;Wyh nghUs; tpsq;f jdp thf;fpaj;ij thrpg;gu;. Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. jfty; mwpf;ifiar; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. ; $l;Lg;gzp Fbir njhopy;

2.3

 4 4 1.4 gy;NtW ciufisr; nrtpkLj;Jf; $Wtu;. 1. 2. mwptpg;G tpsk;guk; Mfpatw;iwr; nrtpkLj;Jf; $Wtu;. ftpij ciuahly; Mfpatw;iwr; nrtpkLj;Jf; $Wtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUs; mwptu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;F cupa nghUis Cfpg;gu;. nrhy; ,yf;fzj;ijAk; Gzupay; tpjpfisAk; mwpe;J vOJtu;. Gzu;r;rp Njrpa xUikg;ghL Ritahd NjePu; Ntz;Lkh? ePq;fsh? ehq;fsh? kuk;
tsu;f;fyhk;

2.4

nrhy;ypd; nghUswpa 1. Cfpg;gu; mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtu;. 2.

3.4

Gzupay; tpjpfisAk; 1. nrhy; ,yf;fzj;ijAk; mwpe;J epidT$u;e;J vOJtu;. nghUs; glk; 1. Mfpatw;wpd; JizAld; tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. 2. 3.

njhiyj; njhlu;Gr; rhjdq;fs; jPghtsp

nfhz;lhl;lk;

1.5

jdpg;glj;jpd; Jizf;nfhz;L fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. njhlu; njhlu; JizAld; fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. xU epfo;tpidg; glj;jpd; JizAld; tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;ignahl;b tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu;.

,ilr;nrhy; vjpu;r;nrhy;

#oyikTf;fy;tp fw;wy;top fw;wy;

jd;Kidg;G J}z;ly; Gwg;ghlk; nghq;fy; Tz;zj;Jg; G+r;rpapd; tsu;r;rp

2.5

gy;NtW Clfq;fisAk; 1. Nkw;Nfhs; E}y;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu;. nkhoptsk; ngUf;fpf; 1.

3.4

fw;w Gjpa nrhw;fspd;

 4 nfhs;tu;. 2. 6 1.6 ghu;j;j> Efu;e;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu; 1. 2. nghUis mwpe;J vOJtu;. fw;w Gjpa nrhw;fspd; nghUswpe;J ,lkwpe;J gad;gLj;Jtu;. gs;sp tshfj;jpy; ghu;j;J mDgtpj;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu;. - Nghl;b tpisahl;L tpoh gs;sp tshfj;jpy; ghu;j;j mDgtpj;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu;. - guprspg; tpoh nfhLf;fg;gl;l gl;il tiugl tptuq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tu;. gl;il tiuglj;jpy; cs;s tptuq;fis tpsf;Ftu;. Kjd;ik fUj;ijAk; Jizf; fUj;ijAk; milafsq;fz;L thf;fpakhf tpupTgLj;jp vOJtu;. xd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; Nfhitahff; $Wtu;. - NjePu; jahupf;Fk; Kiw xd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; Nfhitahff; $Wtu;. - gl;lk; jahupf;Fk; Kiw thrpg;Gg; gFjpapYs;s Kf;fpaf; fUj;ijj; Nju;e;njLg;gu;. gFjpapYs;s xw;Wikf; $WfisAk; Ntw;Wikf;

fhyk; ,ilr;nrhy;

vjpu;fhytpay; jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk;

njhopy; Jiw ghuk;gupa tpisahl;L

tpQ;Qhdj;jpd;

tsu;r;rp czT rq;fpyp

2.6

ml;ltiz> tpsf;f ml;il> 1. tiuglk;> FwptiuT> Gs;sptptuk; 2. Mfpatw;iwg; Gupe;J tpsf;Ftu;. thf;fpaj;ij tpupTgLj;jp1. vOJtu;. Nraw;ghq;Ffis Nfhitahff; $Wtu;. 1. 2 .

3.6 7 1.7

Ntw;Wik cUG rpe;jidj; jpwd; Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W #oyikTf;fy;tp

Guprspg;g tpoh rpWtu; jpdk; gpwe;j ehs; jpUtpoh nts;sk; fzpdp

2.8

thrpg;gg; gFjpapd; Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij 1. tifg;gLj;jp xU KbTf;f tUtu;. 2.

 4 $WfisAk; tifg;gLj;Jtu;. 3.7 Neu;f;$w;W maw; $w;W thf;fpaq;fis mwpe;J vOJtu;. 1. 2. 8 1.8 nrtpkLj;jtw;iw tptupj;Jf; $Wtu; 1 . 2 . 2.9 nrhy;tsk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tu; 1 . 2 . Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L vOJtu;. Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L tifg;gLj;Jtu;. Mrpupau; kw;Wk; nguNahu; $Wk; fijfisr; nrtpkLj;J kPz;Lk; $Wtu;. tpsk;guq;fs; mwpTiuiar; nrtpkLj;J kPz;Lk; $Wtu;. thrpg;g; gFjpia thrpj;J mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUs; NjLtu;. Ngr;R tof;F / Ntw;Wnkhop nrhw;fisj; jpUj;Jtu;. jdp thf;fpak; vOJtu;. Njhlu; thf;fpaj;ijg; ghu;j;J vOJtu;.
nkd;nghUs;

gonkhop typkpFk; typkpfh ,lq;fs;

Fl;Ltpak; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy;

fw;gidf; fij Md;ghd ez;gid Mgj;jpy; mwp

3.8

njhlu; thf;fpaq;fs; mikj;J vOjtu;

1.9

nrtpkLj;j gFjpapYs;s Kf;fpaf; fUj;Jfis milahsq;fz;L $Wtu;

1 . 1 . 2 .

nrtpkLj;j xd;iiw Gupe;Jnfhz;L gpwUf;Fj; njuptpg;gu;. nrtpkLj;j xd;iiw Gupe;Jnfhz;L mtw;Wf;F Vw;g nray;gLtu;.

,iznkhop kuGj;njhlu; nra;tpid nrag;ghl;L tpid

fw;wy;top fw;wy; kjpg;gPL

jply;jlg; Nghl;bfs; ek; ehl;bd; Nghl;bfs;

 4 2.1 0 thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwptu;. jiyg;ignahl;bg; gj;jp mikg;gu; jd;fUj;ij KiwahfTk; njspthfTk; $Wtu;. 1 . 1 . 2 . ftpij> ghly;> nra;As; Mfpatw;wpd; nghUs; $Wtu;. gy;NtW %yq;fspypUe;J Kf;fpaf; fUj;Jfisf; Fwpg;gpLtu;. 3 . 1 . 2 . thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwpe;J thrpg;gu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;ignahl;bf; fUj;Jf;NfhitAld; tptupj;J vOJtu;.
kzpNkfiy

fijfs;

1 .

3.9

10

1.1 0

njspTlDk; gpwUf;F tpsq;Fk; tifapYk; jd; fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. fhuz fhupaq;fSld; jk; fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. rpf;fy;fSf;Fj; jPu;Tfhz Vw;Gila fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wjy;. Nju;e;njLj;j nra;Ais eaj;Jld; thrpj;J kddk; nra;tu;: xg;Gtpg;gu;. gy;tif nra;Aspd; nghUis tpsf;Fk; gy;NtW thrpg;G %yq;fspd; top nghUswptu; xg;Gtpg;gu;. ghlg;gFjapy; fUQ;nrhw;fis milahsq;nfhz;L Fwpg;ngLg;gu;.

Fwpy; neby; nra;As;

jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J

GJf; ftpijapd; tsu;r;rp ,ae;jpu kdpju;

2.1 1

3.1 0

 4 1 . 11 1.1 4 Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;g gjpyspg;gu;. 1 . 2 . 2.1 2 fij> ciuahly;> ehlfk; Mfpatw;wpd; fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpsf;Ftu;. 1 . 2 . Nfs;tp gjpy; mlq;fpa ciuahlypy; gq;Nfw;gu;. jiyg;ignahl;ba Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; mspg;gu;. tpdhr;nrhy; Mz;ghy; ngz;ghy; #oyikTf;fy;tp fl;Ltpak;
ty;ytDf;Fg;

gs;spNa vd; cyfk;

Gy;Yk; MAjk; kyhf;fhitr; Rw;wpg; ghu;g;Nghk; thuPu;

fij> ehlfk; Mfpatw;wpy; ,iznkhop tUk; fjhghj;jpuq;fis milahsq; fhz;gu;. kuGj;njhlu; fij> ciuahly; Mfpatw;wpd; fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; gz;Gfisf; $Wtu;. ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;wpd; nghUswptu;: vOJtu;.

3.1 1

,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp vOJtu;.

1 .

12

1.1 3

tpdhntOj;J> tpdhr;nrhy; Mfpatw;iwg;

1 .

nrtpkLj;j nra;jp thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;g Nfs;tpfs; vOg;Gtu;.

fw;wy;top fw;wy;

 4 gad;gLj;jpf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. 2 . nratpkLj;j nra;jp thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;g tpdhr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. #oYf;Nfw;g jFe;j tpdhr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUs; mwptu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;F cupa nghUis Cfpg;gu;. jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;g thf;fpaq;fis epuy;gLj;jp vOJtu;. #oyikTf;fy;tp

3 . 2.4 nrhy;ypd; nghUswpa Cfpg;gu;: mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtu; 1 . jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;gf; fl;Liu vOJtu;. 2 .

3.1 2

13

1.1 5

tpsf;fk; ngwTk; tptuk; Nrfupf;fTk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;

1 . 1 . 2 .

jiyg;nahl;ba tpsf;fk; ngw Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. jd; Njitiag; g+u;j;jp nra;a Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. xUtiug; gw;wp tptuk; mwpa Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUswptu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk;

fhyk; ,ilr;nrhy;

jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk; rpe;jidj; jpwd;

2.4

nrhy;ypd; nghUswpa Cfpg;gu; mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtu;

3 . 1

 4 . 2 . 3.1 4 Rtnuhl;b> tpsk;guk; Mfpatw;iwg; nghUj;jkhd nkhopapy; rupahd mikg;Gld; moFgl vOJtu; 3 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 2.6 ml;ltiz tpsf;f ml;il> tiuglk;> FwptiuT> Gs;sptptuk; Mfpatw;iwg; Gupe;J tpsf;Ftu; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp> tUj;jr; nra;jp> ed;wp etpy;jy;> mwptpg;G Nghd;wtw;iwj;; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;F cupa nghUis Cfpg;gu;. mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;jp rupahd nghUisj; Nju;e;njLg;gu;. nghUj;jkhfd glq;fSlDk; rupahd mikg;GlDk; Rtnuhl;bfs; jhaupg;gu;. rupahd nrhy;> gl mikg;G KiwAld; moFgl Rtnuhl;bfs; jahupg;gu;.

14

1.1 6

mwpe;j fijiaAk; fw;gidf; fijiaAk; $Wtu;.

mwpe;j fijiar; Ritglf; $Wtu;. fw;gidf; fijiaf; Fwpg;Gfspd; Jizf;nfhz;L Ritglf; $Wtu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gl;il tiugl tptuq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tu;. gl;il tiuglj;jpy; cs;s tptuq;fis tpsf;Ftu;. tho;j;Jr; nra;jp> ed;wp etpy;jy;> mwptpg;G Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J vOJtu;.

nra;As; vOj;jpd; tif

#oyikTf;fy;tp fl;Ltpak; vjpu;fhytpay;

1 . 2 .

3.1 3

 4 jahupj;J mDg;Gtu;. 15 1.1 7 re;jg;ghly;> ftpij> nra;As; Mfpatw;iw xg;Gtpj;J kfpo;tu; 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 2.1 0 thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwptu; el;G> cwT> mYty; Mfpa fbjq;fs; vOJtu; kpd; mQ;ry; mDg;Gtu;.

ftpij> ghly;> nra;As; Mfpattw;iw ,irAld; ghLtu;. ftpij> ghly;> nra;As; Mfpatw;iwg; nghUswpe;J xg;Gtpg;gu;. gz;Gfis mwpe;J eaj;Jld; $Wtu thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwpe;J thrpg;gu;. ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Mfpatw;iwr; #oYf;Nfw;g gad;gLj;Jtu;. el;G> cwT fbj mikg;G Kiwia mwptu;: ghu;j;J vOJtu;. el;G> cwT fbj mikg;G Kiwia mwpe;J fbjk; vOJtu;.

nra;As; ctikj;njhlu;

kjpg;gPL

gQ;rje;jpuf; fijfs; rpW njhopy;

kupahijr; nrhw;fs;

jpUkz itgtk; Fbirj; njhopy; nrhw;Nghu; gpwe;j ehs; fbjk; cwT fbjk;

1 .

2 .

3.1 5

1 . 2 .

10

 4 16 17 18 19 1.1 gy;NtW #oy;fspy; gpwu; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; gz;Gld; NgRtu; 2 . 3 . gUtk; ,uz;L gy;NtW #oy;fspy; tpUe;jpdu;fisg; gz;Gld; tuNtw;gu;. jhq;fs; gq;nfLf;Fk; gy;NtW epfo;Tfspy; gad;gLj;Jk; gz;Gr; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L ciuahLtu;. - guprspg;G tpoh - gz;ghl;L tpoh rpW gj;jpfisr; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpg;gu;. ciuahly; gFjpiar; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpg;gu;. Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp thrpg;gu;. el;G> cwT fbj mikg;G Kiwia mwptu;: ghu;j;J vOJtu;. el;G> cwT fbj mikg;G Kiwia mwpe;J fbjk; vOJtu;. gpw tFg;G khztu;fSf;Fk; FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk; fbjk; vOJtu;. fhyq;fs; gonkhop gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy; rhuzu; ,af;fk; jpwk;glf; fw;wy; eyk; tprhupj;jy;

2.1 vOj;J> nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlu; Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd cr;rupg;Gld; thrpj;Jgl Gupe;Jnfhs;tu;. 3.1 5 el;G> cwT> mYty; Mfpa fbjq;fs; vOJtu;: kpd; mQ;ry; mDg;Gtu;. 1 . 2 . 3 . 1 .

11

 4 2 . 3 . 20 1.2 Ntz;LNfhs; tpLg;gu;> Ntz;LNfhis epiwNtw;Wtu; mwptpg;G nra;tu;. gy;NtW tifahd thrpg;Gg; gFjpfisr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G> Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw; g nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. 3 . $wg;gLk; mwptpg;igg; Gupe;J nfhz;L mjidg; gpwUf;F mwptpg;gu;. nra;jp / mwptpg;G Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. jfty; mwpf;ifiar; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. ciuahly;> fij Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jf;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jiyg;ignahl;ba fUj;Jf;fisf; epWj;jf;Fwpf s; ,iznkhop gonkhop 1 . ehbf;fw;wy; fw;wy;top njhiyNgrp
jiyikj;Jtk;

ehd; xU fhyzp

2.2

2 .

3 . 3.1 6 jd; fij> fw;gidf; fij

12

 4 Mfpatw;iw vOJtu;. 1 . nfhz;L Rafij vOJk; Kiwia mwptu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jiyg;ignahl;ba kdNthl;ltiuia cUthf;fp 70 nrhw;fSf;Ff; Fiwahky; Rafij vOJtu;. ntt;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; Rafij vOJtjw;fhd kdNthl;ltiuiaj; jahupj;J jpul;NlL cUthf;Fjy;.

2 .

21

1.3

Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s ciuahliy Nkw;nfhs;tu;. gy;NtW tifahd thrpg;Gg; gFjpfisr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G> Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jw;FwpfSf;Nfw; g nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;.

3 . 2 .

jd; NjitfSf;fhfg; nghUs;fis thq;f ciuahLtu;. jfty; mwpf;if Mfpatw;iwr; rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jf;FwpfSf;Nfw;g nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. ciuahly;> fij Mfpatw;iwrl rupahd Ntfk;> cr;rupg;G Mfpatw;Wld; epWj;jf;FwpfSf;Nfw;gg; nghUs; tpsq;f thrpg;gu;. 70 nrhw;fSf;Ff; Fiwahky; tpsf;ff; fl;Liu> mwpf;if ciu Mfpatw;wpd; mikg;G Kiwia

,lk; kuGj;njhlu;

Mf;ffukhd fw;wy; rpe;jidj; jpwd;

fy;tpr; Rw;Wyh Nghl;b tpisahl;L

2.2

2 .

3 .

3.1 7 tpsf;ff; fl;Liu>

13

 4 mwpf;if> ciu Mfpatw;iw vOJtu;. 1 . mwptu;. 70 nrhw;fSf;Ff; Fiwahky; tpsf;ff; fl;Liu> ciu Mfpatw;iwr; Rakhf vOJtu; jpul;NlL cUthf;Ftu;.

2 .

22

1.4

gy;NtW ciufisr; nrtpkLj;Jf; $Wtu;.

2 . 3 .

ftpij ciuahly; Mfpatw;iwr; nrtpkLj;Jf; $Wtu;. trdq;fs;> nra;jp> mwpf;if Mfpatw;iwr; nrtpkLj;Jg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L Kf;fp fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpia thrpj;J Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij mwpe;J fUj;Jzu;f; Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; $Wtu;. gbj;j re;jg; ghly;> ciueilg;gFjp Mfpatw;wpy; tpLgl;l nrhw;fis vOjp epiwT nra;tu;. re;jg; ghly;> ciueilg;gFjp Mfpatw;iwg; ghu;j;Jk; epidT $u;e;Jk; vOJtu;.

,lk; fhyk;

jpwk;glf; fw;wy; rpe;jidj; jpwd;

ftpijfs; ntapyh? kioah?

re;jr; nrhw;fs;

2.3

thrpg;Gg; gFjpapd; Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij mwptu;. 3 . re;jg; ghly;> ciueilg;gFjp Mfpatw;iwg; ghu;j;Jk; epidT$u;e;Jk; ey;y ifnaOj;jpy; vOJtu;.

3.1 8

1 .

14

 4 Xtpa vOj;jpy; re;jg;ghly;fis cs;slf;fpa jpul;NlL jahupg;gu;. nghJ mwpT> mwptpay;> ehl;L elg;Gj; njhlu;ghd ciueilg; gFjpfisj; jpul;b jpul;NlL jahupg;gu;. jdp glj;jpd; JizAld; fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. njhlu; glj;jpd; JizAld; fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. xU epfo;tpidg; glj;jpd; JizAld; $Wtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUs; mwptu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;F cupa nghUis Cfpg;gu;. mfuhjpiag; gad;glj;jp rupahd nghUisj; Nju;e;njLg;gu;. NfhLf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;igj; Jizahff; nfhz;L Fwptiutpd; tptuq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;G> Fwpg;G %yk;> rhtp Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L Fwptiutpd; tptuq;fisj; njhFj;J jpwk;glf; fw;wy; #oyikT

2 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 2.4 nrhy;ypd; nghUswpa Cfpg;gu; mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtu; 1 . 2 . 3.1 9 Fwptiuit ciueilahfg; nghUs; ngau;g;gu;. 3 . 1 .

23

1.5

nghUs;> glk; Mfpatw;wpd; JizAld; tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;.

15

 4 vOJtu;. 2 . 1 . 2 . 2.4 nrhy;ypd; nghUswpa Cfpg;gu; mfuhjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtu; 3 . 1 . 2 . 3.1 1 ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctikj;njhlu;> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp vOJtu;. 3 . 2 .

24

1.5

nghUs;> glk; Mfpatw;wpd; JizAld; tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;.

jdp glj;jpd; JizAld; fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. njhlu; glj;jpd; JizAld; fUj;ij tptupj;Jf; $Wtu;. xU epfo;tpidg; glj;jpd; JizAld; $Wtu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;Fg; nghUs; mwptu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; mUQ;nrhw;fSf;F cupa nghUis Cfpg;gu;. mfuhjpiag; gad;glj;jp rupahd nghUisj; Nju;e;njLg;gu;. ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctikj;njhlu;> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;iwg; nghUswpe;J thf;fpaq;fspy; gad;glj;jp vOJtu;. ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctikj;njhlu;> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;iwg; nghUswpe;J

kuGj; njhlu; gonkhop ctikj; njhlu;

jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy; fl;Ltpak;

16

 4 vOjp epiwT nra;tu;. 3 . 2 .

25

1.6

ghu;j;j> Efu;e;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu;

gs;sp tshfj;jpy; ghu;j;j mDgtpj;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu;. - guprspg;g tpoh gs;sp tshfj;jpy; ghu;j;j mDgtpj;j epfo;Tfisf; $Wtu;. - rpw;Wz;br; rhiy gy;NtW Clfq;fspypUe;J tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu;. njhiyf;fhl;rp> thndhyp> nra;jpj;jhs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu; thrpg;gu;. jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;g thf;fpaq;fis epuy;gLj;jp vOJtu;. jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;g thf;fpaq;fis epuy;gLj;jp gj;jp Kiwapy; vOJtu;. jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;g thf;fpaq;fis gj;jp Kiwapy; vOJtu;.\

fhyq;fs;

#oyikT rpe;jidj; jpwd; fl;Ltpak;

elg;Gr; nra;jpfs; tuyhw;Wf; fijfs; Efu;jy; mwptpay; tpisahl;L epfo;Tfs;

3 . 2.5 gy;NtW Clfq;fisAk; Nkw;Nfhs; E}y;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu;. jdp> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glj;jpw;Nfw;gf; fl;Liu vOJtu;.

2 . 3 .

3.1 2

1 . 2 .

17

 4 3 . 26 1.7 2.6 nraw;ghq;Ffisf; Nfhitahf $Wtu;. ml;ltiz tpsf;f ml;il> tiuglk;> FwptiuT> Gs;sptptuk; Mfpatw;iwg; Gupe;J tpsf;Ftu; 3 . 1 . 2 . 3 . capupdq;fspd; tsu;r;rpg;gbiaf; Nfhitahff; $Wtu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gl;il tiugl tptuq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tu;. gl;il tiuglj;jpy; cs;s tptuq;fis tpsf;Ftu;. tiuglj;jpy; cs;s tptuq;fisg; nghUs; ngau;j;Jf; $Wtu;. tptuj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tpdhr;nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jpf; Nfs;tpfs; jahupg;gu;. Fwpg;gpl;l xU Jiw my;yJ njhopiyr; rhu;e;jtiu Neu;f;fhzy;top tptuq;fisr; Nrfupg;gu;. tpidr;nrhy; jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy; vjpu;fhytpay; mwptpay;

3.3

Nfs;tpfs; jahupg;gu;

2 .

3 . 27 1.8 nrtpkLj;jtw;iw tptupj;Jf; $Wtu; gy;NtW vOj;Jg; gbtq;fis thrpj;Jj; 3 . gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tu;ziziar; nrtpkLj;J kPz;Lk; $Wtu;. Nfypr;rpj;jpuq;fs;> tpsk;guq;fs; rQ;rpiffs;> thu gonkhop epWj;jw;Fwp 2.1 3 1 jpwk;glf; fw;wy; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy; nghUshjhuk;

18

 4 Ja;g;gu;. . 2 . 3 . khj ,jo;fs; Mfpatw;iw thrpj;Jr; Ritg;gu;. thrpj;jtw;iw ez;gu;fsplk; my;yJ tFg;gpd; Kd; Ritglf; $Wtu;. thrpj;jtw;iw ez;gu;fsplk; eak;glf; $Wtu; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tu;. tho;j;Jr; nra;jp> ed;wp etpy;jy;> mwptpg;G Nghd;wtw;iw vOJtu;. tho;j;Jr; nra;jp> ed;wp etpy;jy; Mfpatw;wpy; vspikahd ftpijfisg; gad;gLj;jp vOJtu;. nrtpkLj;jg; gFjpapYs;s Kf;fpaf; fUj;Jfis milahsq;fz;L mjw;Nfw;g Jyq;Ftu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l thrpg;Gg; gFjpapd; xl;L nkhj;j fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. fw;w Gjpa nrhw;fspd; nghUis mwpe;J vOJtu;. fw;w Gjpa nrhw;fspd; nghUis mwpe;J ,lkwpe;J gadlgLj;Jtu;. khztu;fs; jhkhf vd; ifafuhjp vjpu;r;nrhy; fw;wy;top fw;wy; jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;gk; rpe;jidj; jpwd; fijfs; Efu;T fl;Ltpak;

3.1 3

tho;j;Jr; nra;jp> tUj;jr; nra;jp> ed;wp etpy;jy;> mwptpg;G Nghd;wtw;iwj; Njitf;Nfw;gj; jahupj;J mDg;Gtu;.

2 . 3 .

28

1.9

nrtpkLj;j gFjpapYs;s Kf;fpaf; fUj;Jfis milahsq;fz;L $Wtu; thrpg;gg; gFjpapd; Kf;fpaf; fUj;ij tifg;gLj;jp xU KbTf;f tUtu;. nkhoptsk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tu;

3 .

2.8

3 . 1 . 2

3.5

19

 4 . 3 . 1 . 2 . nrhy;tsk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tu;. 2.9 2 . thf;fpaj;ij tpupTgLj;jp vOJtu;. 3.6 3 . 3 . jahupg;gu;.

29

1.1 0

jd; fUj;ij KiwahfTk; njspthfTk; $Wtu;.

njspTlDk; gpwUf;F tpsq;Fk; tifapYk; jd; fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. fhuz fhupaq;fSld; jk; fUj;ijf; $Wtu;. rpf;fy;fSf;Fj; jPu;Tfhz Vw;Gila fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wjy;. Ngr;R tof;F Ntw;W nkhop nrhw;fisj; jpUj;Jtu;. gy;NtW Clfq;fspd; top nrhy;tsj;ijg; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tu;. Kjd;ik fUj;ijAk; Jizf; fUj;ijAk; milafsq;fz;L thf;fpakhf tpupTgLj;jp vOJtu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Kjd;ik fUj;ijj; Jizahff; nfhz;L xU gFjpia vOJtu;. Kjd;ik fUj;ijj; Jizf; fUj;JfSld; tpupTgLj;jp gj;jpapy; vOJtu;.

,ilr;nrhy; Ntu;r;nrhy; fhyq;fs;

jpwk;glf; fw;wy; fw;wy;top fw;wy; gy;tif Ez;zhw;wy;

elg;Gr; nra;jpfs; jd;Dau;T tpisahl;L nrhw;Nghu; Ngr;Rg;Nghl ;b nrk;gUj;jp

1 . 2 .

20

 4 3 . 30 1.1 4 Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;g gjpyspg;gu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwptu; 3 . jdpg;glk;> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glq;fisnahl;ba Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; mspg;gu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iz nkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUswpe;J thrpg;gu;. ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Mfpatw;iwr; #oYf;Nfw;g gad;gLj;Jtu;. ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Mfpatw;iw thf;fpaq;fspy; mikj;J thrpj;jy;. Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L vOJtu;. Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L tifg;gLj;Jtu;. Neu;f;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fshf khw;wp vOJtu;. ,iznkhop ,ilr; nrhw;fs; gonkhopfs; 1 . #oyikT ehbf;fw;wy; Nfhyhyk;g+ u; gaDs;s kfpopfs; Nrhe;j njhopy;

2.1 0

2 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 3

3.7

Neu;f;$w;W maw; $w;W thf;fpaq;fis mwpe;J vOJtu;.

31

1.1

Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;g

jdpg;glk;> njhlu; epfo;r;rpg; glq;fisnahl;ba

#oyikT

Nrhe;j

21

 4 4 gjpyspg;gu;. thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iznkhop> gonkhop> kuGj;njhlu;> ctik> ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUs; mwptu; . Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; mspg;gu;. ehbf;fw;wy; 2.1 0 1 . thrpg;Gg; gFjpapy; tUk; ,iz nkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Nghd;wtw;wpd; nghUswpe;J thrpg;gu;. ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Mfpatw;iwr; #oYf;Nfw;g gad;gLj;Jtu;. ,iznkhop> kuGj;njhlu; Mfpatw;iw thf;fpaq;fspy; mikj;J thrpj;jy;. Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L vOJtu;. Neu;f;$w;W maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis milahsq;fz;L tifg;gLj;Jtu;. Neu;f;$w;W thf;fpaq;fis maw;$w;W thf;fpaq;fshf khw;wp vOJtu;. ,iznkhop ,ilr; nrhw;fs; gonkhopfs; 2 . 3 . 2 . 3 Nfhyhyk;g+ u; gaDs;s kfpopfs; njhopy;

2 . 3 . 1 .

3.7

Neu;f;$w;W maw; $w;W thf;fpaq;fis mwpe;J vOJtu;.

32

1.1 6

mwpe;j fijiaAk; fw;gidf; fijiaAk; $Wtu;.

fw;gidf; fijiaf; Fwpg;Gfspd; Jizf;nfhz;L Ritglf; $Wtu;. rkarhu;Gila fijiar; Ritglf; $Wtu; fij> ehlfk; Mfpatw;wpy; tUk; fjhghj;jpuq;fis milahsq; fhz;gu;.

#oyikTf;fy;tp

njdhyp uhkd; fu;zd;

22

 4 2.1 2 fij> ciuahly;> ehlfk; Mfpatw;wpd; fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpsf;Ftu;. jiyg;ignahl;bg; gj;jp mikg;gu; 3.9 Ntw;Wik cUG 1 . 2 . 33 34 35 . 1 . 2 . fij> ciuahly; Mfpatw;wpd; fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; gz;Gfisf; $Wtu;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;ignahl;bf; fUj;Jf;NfhitAld; tptupj;J vOJtu;. gpw khztu;fspd; vOj;Jg;gbtq;fspd; fhzg;gLk; gpiofis milahsq;fz;L jpUj;Jtu; kPz;Lk; vOJtu;. Mj;jpr;#b vd; FLk;gk; Nrkpg;G

23