Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 9
TCP/IP and IP Addressing
Objectives
• Introduction to TCP/IP
• Internet addresses
• Obtaining an IP address
Introduction to TCP/IP
Transport Layer
IP - Internet Protocol
Internet Addresses
Network and Host Addressing
• IP address is
hierarchical and has
two parts:
– First part identifies the
network where the system is
connected.
– Second part identifies that
particular system on the
network.
IP Address Classes
IP Address
Network address
255.255.255.255 STOP
Directed broadcast address
192.168.20.0
192.168.20.255
Example: 172.16.20.200
Private Address
• 150.100.255.255
• 175.100.255.18
• 195.234.253.0
• 100.0.0.23
• 188.258.221.176
• 127.34.25.189
• 224.156.217.73
Obtaining an IP Address
Static Assignment of IP Addresses
Dynamic addressing
IP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
BOOTP IP
• Successor to BOOTP.
• Automatically allows a host to obtain an IP address
from an IP pool
• Use 4-steps IP registration and requires IP leased
time
AM
R
ARP operation
ARP Table:
? MAC MAC IP IP
A.B.C.1.2.3 ? 10.0.2.110.0.2.9
Data
A B C
MAC MAC IP IP
A.B.C.1.2.3 ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff 10.0.2.1 10.0.2.9
What is your MAC Addr?
A B C
ARP operation: Checking
MAC MAC IP IP
A.B.C.1.2.3 ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff 10.0.2.110.0.2.9
What is your MAC Addr?
is
a t P
h I
T y
m
10.0.2.1 10.0.2.5 10.0.2.9
A.B.C.1.2.3 A.B.C.4.5.6 A.B.C.7.8.9
A B C
MAC MAC IP IP
A.B.C.7.8.9 A.B.C.1.2.3 10.0.2.9 10.0.2.1
This is my MAC Addr
A B C
ARP operation: Caching
ARP Table:
A.B.C.7.8.9 – 10.0.2.9
MAC MAC IP IP
A.B.C.1.2.3 A.B.C.7.8.9 10.0.2.1 10.0.2.9
Data
A B C
Default gateway
Default-Gateway
Packet forwarding
• At layer 2, when encapsulating a frame, the host needs
the destination MAC address
• The host will then compares IP address of source and
destination.
– If the destination is on another network, then it will encapsulate the
frame with the default-gateway MAC address.
– If the destination is on the same net work, then it will use the
destination MAC address
• Then it checks if the needed MAC address is in the ARP
table, if it is not proceed ARP request to find the needed
MAC address
Summary