1.

Brief History of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) part-2

16 March, 624 A.D / 17 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 2nd Hijri: The battle of Badr was fought. Badr a valley lies 90 miles away to the south of Madina, where that battle took place, after the name of that valley (the battle front) the battle is to be known as the battle of Badr. It was the first major encounter with infidels and Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the 313 devotees. That was a milestone not only in the Islamic history but also in the world history, when a Small army of just three hundred Muslims defeated a strong force of more than one thousand infidels of Makkah. That was the battle in which Angles led by Gabriel (A.S) joined the Muslims. That was the battle in which notable chiefs of Quraysh and bitter enemies of Islam like Ut,ba, Shai,ba, Waleed, Umayyah and Abu-Jahl (father of ignorance, the worst enemy of Islam) were put to death by a small but an enthusiastic Muslim army. Abu-Jahls death was an exemplary event of that battle when he was put to death by two young boys of Madina, named Ma,uz and Ma,az. At the beginning of the battle Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) threw a handful of pebbles at the infidels of Makkah, saying: Abased be those faces. A later revelation of Quran said that: It was not he, but Allah (swt) who threw (8:17) Another secret of the victory of Muslim force lies in the fact that they fought as a disciplined body with an order of battle. To this the Quran says: Allah (swt) loves those who fight in Allahs (swt) way in ranks (61:4) The Muslim casualties were fourteen, those of the infidels seventy among few bitter enemies of Islam were killed, the rest being held for ransom. The battle amounted to be an astonishing victory for the Muslims, and that gained them political credibility for their cause among other tribes and soon they emerged as one of the strong forces of the world. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: The fasting of the month of Ramadan was made mandatory on Muslims. The prophet (saww) recommended fasting as a spiritual discipline. February, 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: During the prayer, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) got the revelation of changing the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Makkah and congregation followed the suit, so Makkah was declared as new Qiblah (Prayer Direction) for Muslims. The mosque where the Prophet turned towards Makkah during the prayers is now called Masjid-ul-Qiblatain (Mosque of the two prayer direction) 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Battle of Salim took place. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Muslims got the felicity of celebrating Eid-ul-Fitar. At the mean time they got the divine order to pay the Fitrah (the Amount at the feast of fast breaking). It is Special alms (Zakat) called Zakat-ul-Fitr, it is consist of a measure of grain for every member of the household (or its equivalent in value) it is given directly to the poor. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Zakat was made mandatory on Muslims. Term Zakat is taken to mean purification from the verbZaka which signifies to thrive, to be wholesome and to be pure. The giving up of a portion of the wealth one may possess, in excess of what is needed for sustenance, to purify or legitimize what one retains. It is one of the five pillars of Islam and is in effect a tax on ones possession. It may be paid directly to the poor as alms. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) tied the knot of his beloved daughter Sayyida Fatima (RA) with his cousin Sayyidna Ali (RA). 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Battle of Bnu Qaynuqa took place. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri:

Battle of Sawweq took place. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Battle of Ghatafan took place. 624 A.D / 2nd Hijri: Battle of Behrain took place. 625 A.D / 3rd Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Hafsah (RA) the 21 year-old daughter of Sayyidna Umar (RA). She was the widow of Hazrat Khunays (RA), who had martyred in a battle. 21 March, 625 A.D / 6th Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 3rd Hijri: Battle of Uhud took place. Uhud on the western outskirts of Madina is a hill with a plain stretching before it. Infidels of Makkah were gathered there to avenge their defeat at Badr. On the morning of the battle 300 men of Muslim force under Abdullah b. Ubayy (the leader of the hypocrites faction in Madina) deserted the prophet as the troops rode out of the city, leaving the Muslims only 700 strong. Nevertheless, the Muslims were close to victory when forty archers whom Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had stationed on the hill to remain there and guard the flank, saw that the Muslims were wining, most of them abandoned their post, this left the way open for a counter-attack by a detachment of the infidels cavalry. The ten Muslim archers who had remained faithful to their orders proved too small number to hold the cavalry and were cut down. Caught by the break through of the infidels cavalry, Muslim force was routed and the prophet (saww) himself was wounded momentarily knocked unconscious. The rumor of prophets death caused the infidels to withdraw thinking the battle won. When the infidels learned that the prophet had survived it was too late to launch a counter-attack. In this battle Sayyidna Hamzah (RA) b. Abdul Muttalib an uncle of the prophet and one of Islams most formidable warriors, was martyred speared by a slave named wahshi. Hind, daughter of a slain chief of Quaish at Badr, thirsting to revenge her father and her kinsman killed at Bard, had set her slave to this exploit with promises of reward. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) greatly mourned Sayyidna Hamzah (RA), foremost of the martyrs of Uhud. 625 A.D / 3rd Hijri: Battle of Hamar-ul-Asad took place. 625 A.D / 3rd Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Zainab b. Khuzaymah (RA), a widow of Hazrat Ubaydah (RA), who had martyred in the battle of Badr. She was known as the Umm-ulMasakin (the mother of the poor) for her generosity. She died not long after the marriage. 625 A.D / 4th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslims in the battle of Banu Nadeyr. 625 A.D / 4th Hijri: Wine was declared prohibited in Islam. 625 A.D / 4th Hijri: Battle of Dat-ul-Rajee took place. 625 A.D / 4th Hijri: Battle of Dat-ul-Raqa took place. 625 A.D / 4th Hijri: Battle of Beir-e-Mauna took place. 626 A.D / 4th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Salmah (RA) the widow of Hazrat Abu Salmah (RA), who had martyred in the battle of Uhud. 626 A.D / 4th Hijri: Battle of Badr-ul-Ukhra took place. 626 A.D / 5th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslims in the battle of Daumat-ul-Jandal. 626 A.D / 5th Hijri: Battle of Banu Mustaliq took place. 626 A.D / 5th Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Juwayriyyah b.Harith (RA) daughter of the chief of the Banu Mustailq, who thus became allied to the prophet (saww). 627 A.D / 5th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Hazrat Zainab b. Jahash (RA), the divorced wife of his freed man Hazrat Zayd b. Harith (RA). 627 A.D / 5th Hijri: The order of observing Pardah (The covering of the head, face and body by women in public) was revealed. 23 March, 627 A.D / 28th Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 5th Hijri: Madina is besieged by infidels of Makkah: Battle of Khandaq (the Trench) also called Ahzab (War of the Confederates) took place. The Quraysh had made an alliance with certain desert tribes, the Bannu-Ghatafan and Jews of Banu Nadir who had emigrated from Madina to Khyber. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees a defensive trench to be dug around Madina, a strong hitherto completely unknown to the Arabs but used by the Sassanid (people of Persia) it was Salman Farsi, the Persian, who gave the idea to the prophet, the trench took six days of feverish work to dig only a week before the attack. Army of the infields cavalry was stopped by the trench, they attempted to cross the trench but not succeeded, the attackers laid siege for two weeks. At last the Quraysh abandoned the siege and left precipitously the most notable casualty on the Muslim side was Hazrat Saad b. Muadh, chief of one of the clans of the tribe of Aws. 627 A.D / 5th Hijri: Battle of Banu Quraiza took place. 627 A.D / 6th Hijri: Battle of Banu Liyhan took place. March, 628 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah, 6th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with infidels of Makkah. By virtue of The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the infidels of Makkah had to agree to compromise with the Muslims. Though, few terms of that treaty were seemed completely against the Muslims interests but for the long run point of view, they were in favor of Islam and prophet (saww) knew it. Afterwards, the glad tiding of a manifest Victory was revealed which confirmed the prophets (saww) vision and sagacity: Verily, we have granted thee a manifest Victory (48:1) Hudaybiyyah is a place on the road from Jeddah to Makkah; just outside the Haram (restricted precinct) Here Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) stopped and awaited the outcome of events when prevented from making the pilgrimage by the infidels of Makkah. A Quranic revelation (48:27) declared the Prophet would pray at Makkah. He set out to perform pilgrimage at Makkah with a party of about 1000 men unarmed and in Iharam (pilgrim dress). The Quraysh stopped the party at Hudaybiyyah, about ten miles from Makkah. Sayyidna Uthman (RA) was sent to negotiate with infidels when he did not return at the expected time, many thought that he had been killed or captured and that all was lost. In this moment of peril, the prophets followers individually made a new oath of fealty to the prophets known as Bait-ur-Ridwan (the pact of felicity). Sayyidna Mohemmed (saww) himself represented the absent Sayyidna Uthman (RA) by proxy in this oath. Sayyidna Uthman (RA) returned with some infidels. The Quraysh agreed to a truce, the peace of Hudaybiyah. Under the conditions of this treaty the prophet would be allowed to make the pilgrimage not then but in the following year. Makkah would be emptied for three days for the Muslim pilgrims. The peace also stipulated a truce for ten years, that those who were not free but subjects or dependents of the Quraysh and who defected from the pagans to the Muslim would be returned to the Quraysh by the Muslims, whereas those who were subject to the Muslims and who defected from the Muslims to the Quraysh would not be returned by the Quraysh. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) performed the pilgrimage the following year. The testimony of faith declaring that there is no god but Allah (swt) and Mohemmed (saww) is the messenger of Allah (swt) rang out in the valley of Makkah. The Quraysh camped on the hill of Abu Qubays, heard it, a portent of the coming triumph of Islam. Other effects were equally far-reaching. The desert tribes had seen the infidels of Makkah dealing

with the Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as an equal and as a sovereign, and many turned to the new religion. Shortly thereafter, in the year 630 taking an incident between an allied tribe and the infidels of Makkah as a breach of the truce, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) marched upon Makkah and conquered it, meeting almost no resistance. 628 A.D / 6th Hijri: Marriage with infidels declared forbidden through divine revelation. 628 A.D / 6th Hijri: Sayyida Rehana b. Shamun (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). She was originally Jewish and came from Banu Quraiza. 628 A.D / 6th Hijri: Sayyida Maria Qibtia, the Copt (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) who was originally a slave-girl who was sent to the presence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as gift from Muqawqis, the Byzantine viceroy ruling the Copts in Egypt. She bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) a son, Sayyidna Ibrahim (RA) who died eighteen months after his birth. 628 A.D / 6th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Habiba (RA) the daughter of Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Quraysh and widow of Ubayd (who had been converted to Christianity in Abyssinia, where he died). May, 628 A.D / Muharram-ul-Haram, 7th Hijri: Messengers are sent to Muqawaqis, ruler of Egypt, Kisra of Persia, Qaisar (Heraclius) of Byzantium, the rulers of the Yemen and others, calling them to Islam. June, 628 A.D/30Muharram-ul-Haram,7th Hijri: Battle of Khayber took place. Shortly after the Muslims returned from Hudaybiyyah, they learnt that the Jews of Khayber were planning another attack on Madina to avenge their defeat. Their agents, it was reported, were inciting other tribes as well. To forestall these moves the Muslims marched on Khayber with sixteen hundred men and the Khayber fortress, reputed to be impregnable, was stormed and conquered by Sayyidna Ali (RA) after a siege lasting twenty days. As a result the Jewish citadels of Khayber were conquered, and the growing strength of the Muslims became apparent. 628 A.D / 7th Hijri: To avenge their defeat at Khayber, the Jews made a conspiracy against Muslims; they planned to kill Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions. For implementing the conspiracy, the wife of a Jewish notable slain in the war of Khayber, invited Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions to a meal in her house. The food was poisoned. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had barely tasted the food when he suspected treachery and stopped eating but one of his companions, Hazrat Bishr b. Bara, died of poisoning. According to the law of the time the whole Jewish community should have been held accountable for this treacherous crime and punished accordingly but Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) held his hand and only the guilty woman was punished. 628 A.D / 7th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Safya (RA), the seventeen-year-old widow of Kinanah, chief of the Jews of Khaybar who had been killed at Khaybar. Sayyida Safya (RA) accepted Islam and married the prophet on the return journey to Madina. 628 A.D / 7th Hijri: The group of Muslims who migrated to Syria returned to Makkah. 628 A.D / 7th Hijri: Battle of Wadi-ul-Qura took place. April, 629 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah 7th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) with two thousand of his trusted followers performed Umra-tulQaza (pilgrimage) as agreed in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and Hazrat Bilal (RA) called the prayer (Azan) from the top of the Kaaba, thus the Kalimah-e-Shahadah (the testimony of the faith) echoes in the valley of Makkah, while the Quraysh watch and listen from the hill of Abu Qubays. The Muslims scrupulously observed the terms of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, even though they were now strong enough to dictate their own terms if they so desired. 629 A.D / 7th Hijri:

Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Maymuna (RA) after the pilgrimage to Makkah. She was the sister in law of Prophets uncle Hazrat Abbas, and a widow. 629 A.D / 8th Hijri: Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) and Hazrat Amr b.Al-Aas (RA) embraced Islam. 629 A.D / 8th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslim force in battle of Mauta. That was the battle in which Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) addressed Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) by the name of Saif-Ullah (the Sword of Allah) which then became his honorary title. 12 January, 630 A.D / 20 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 8th Hijri: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was nearly two years old. The infidels of Makkah now violated one of the terms of the treaty. A tribe allied to them attacked a tribe allied to the Muslims, causing much damage to life and property. The aggrieved tribe brought their complaint to Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). He wrote to the infidels of Makkah and demanded the according to the term of the treaty they should either indemnify the aggrieved tribe for their losses or break their alliance with the aggressor tribe and let the Muslims deal with it as thought best. Alternatively they should terminate the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The infidels of Makkah chose the latter and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was thus terminated. They soon realized how hasty and unwise they had been and sent Abu Sufyan as their envoy to Madina to make amends. It was too late. Muslims were to be fed up of the infidels of Makkah and their patience worn out at last, decided to pull out this thorn from their side. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees to march towards the Makkah. A large force was accordingly assembled and it marched towards the Makkah. When they approached the end of their journey and Makkah was a few miles away, they halted and encamped for the night. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) commanded that each group should light a bright fire to give the infidels an idea of their strength. The infidels, he hoped would not give battle once they knew that resistance was hopeless as always he was anxious to avoid unnecessary blood shed and so no blood was shed. The infidels of Makkah gave in, their leader Abu Sufyan presented himself before Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as their envoy, and accepted Islam. When Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah he made the following proclamation on behalf of the prophet Mohemmed (saww) Whoever takes refuge in the house of Abu Sufyan shall be forgiven Whoever remains indoors and keeps his door shut shall be forgiven. Whoever enters the Kaaba shall be forgiven. Whoever goes about his business unarmed shall go in peace. No one was forced to change his faith or made to accept the faith of the conquerors as preconditions for personal security. Every one was given quarter on one simple conditionpeaceful submission. So no resistance was seen then Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) entered in Makkah and conquered it without shedding a single drop of blood. The Kaaba was purified of idols by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) himself. On that occasion, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) was reciting these verses: "Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished, For Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish." (17:81) Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) announced general pardon for everyone and said: I have today abolished all customs and all rituals of the days of jahillya (ignorance) except that arrangements for the distribution of water to the pilgrimage from the holy well of zamzam (pure water) will continue as before. O, people of Quraysh! Take heed: Allah (swt) has destroyed your factionalism of the days of jahillya, and your pride in blood and lineage. All men are equal. All are descended from the same ancestor, Adam. And Adam was nothing but dust. Thus the holy city of Makkah was now Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) undisputed domain, his greatness lies in the fact he won Makkah, his native city, without any actual war or blood shed. 1st February, 630 A.D /11 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri: Battle of Hunain took place. Immediately after the conquest of Makkah the Muslims fought a battle against the allied tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif at a point between Makkah and Taif.

During the battle field Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) prayed: Allah (swt)! I ask of thee thy promise. Suddenly the tide of battle turned. Afterwards the revelation came: Assuredly Allah (swt) did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain: Behold! Your great numbers elated you, but they availed you naught: the land, for all that it is wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat. But Allah (swt) did pour His calm on the Messenger and on the Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those without Faith. Again will Allah, after this, turn (in mercy) to whom He will: for Allah (swt) is Oft-forgiving, most Merciful. (9:25-27) The Muslim victory in this battle persuaded the desert tribes to accept Islam and shortly thereafter the rebel tribe of Taif also surrendered and entered Islam. 3rd February, 630 A.D/ 13 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri: Battle of Taif took place. 630 A.D / 8th Hijri: Majority of the people of Hawazin tribe embraced Islam. 630 A.D / 9th Hijri: The beginning of the year of Deputation; when tribes from all over Arabia accepted Islam. 630 A.D / 9th Hijri: The Department for alms and charity was established. 630 A.D / 9th Hijri: Sayyida Maria Qibtiya (RA) bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) a son, named Ibrahim (RA). October, 630 A.D / Rajab-ul-Murajab, 9th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led a military expedition to Tabuk in North Arabia. It was the last battle who led by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). 630 A.D / 9th Hijri: Usury was declared prohibited in Islam. 630 A.D / 9th Hijri: Tribes Hamadan, Banu Asad and Banu Abbas embraced Islam. 631 A.D / 9th Hijri: Hajj (the pilgrimage) that year was led by Sayyidna Abu Bakr (RA). Hajj was made obligatory for Muslims who are affluent enough. 631 A.D / 9th Hijri: Hazrat Mohammed (saww) sent Sayyidna Ali (RA) on a mission to Yemen. 631 A.D / 10th Hijri: Tribe Ghassan embraced Islam. 27January, 632 A.D / 10th Hijri: Mohemmeds (saww) son Ibrahim (RA) died at the age of eighteen months. 632 A.D / 10th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) set off for Makkah to perform the last Hajj. 9 March, 632 A.D / 9th Zilhaj, 10th Hijri: The Farewell Pilgrimage while delivering his last sermon at plain of Arafat to the multitude Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) received the final revelation of Quran. In his last sermon at Arafat, he mounted his camel and said: O, people, listen carefully to my words for I may not be among you next year, nor ever address you again from this spot. O, people, verily Allah (swt) has made inviolable for you each other blood and each others property, until you meet your lord, even as he has made inviolable this, your day, in this your land, in this your month. O, people, women have rights over you just as you have rights over them. Be good to them. O, people, you may soon have to appear before your lord and answer for your deeds. So, beware! Do not go astray after I am gone. O, people, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born.

O, people, listen to me in earnest! Worship your Allah; say your prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and give of your wealth in charity. All Muslims, free or enslaved, have the same responsibilities. None is higher than other unless he is higher in virtue. O, people, feed your slaves as you feed yourselves. Do not oppress them nor usurp their rights. During the sermon of Arafat the last passage of Holy Quran was revealed: Today the unbelievers have despaired of your religion, therefore fear them not, but fear you me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed my blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam for your religion. (5:4-5) Thus Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) turned his blessed face to heaven and said: My Lord! Have I delivered aright the Massage I was charged with and fulfilled my calling? And the assembly responded with one voice: Oh, Prophet (saww) by God! You have! ThereuponHazrat Mohemmed (saww) lifted his fore-finger towards the heaven and then pointing towards people, said: O, Lord: Bear Thou witness unto it. 632 A.D / 13th Zilhaj, 10th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) returned to Madina. 632 A.D / 11th Hijri: Delegation from Nakaha came to meet Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). It was the last delegations who met him. 632 A.D / 18th Safar-ul-Muzzaffar, 11th Hijri: Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) fell ill. 8 June, 632 A.D / Rabi-ul-Awwal, 11th Hijri: On one of the day of the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal, in 11th year of the Hijrah, when the sun was near its zenith, Rehmat-al-il-Aalameen (A mercy to the universe) Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) passed away at 63 (To Allah (swt)We belong, and to Him is our return) in the home of the favorite of his wives Sayyida Ayesha (RA). Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) tomb in the mosque of Madina is venerated throughout Islam. Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) grandson Sayyidna Hassan (RA) composed two couplets in a eulogy of his great grandfather. These couplets are the reflection of every Muslim. Sayyidna Hassan (RA) says: No eye has ever seen a better person than thee, And none more handsome than thee was born to any woman; Thou wast created free from all defects, As if thou wast created as thou desired to be created. Hazrat Mohemmeds (saww) bounty did not cease to flow and his blessed mission remained continue. His companions and his followers kept his mission alive. The expansion of his message (Islam) carried on, within a hundred years, its realm extended from Spain to India. Today it is found in every corner of the world, and over one billion people are counted as Muslim, who recite as the foundation of their faith, the words: There is no God but Allah, Mohemmed (saww) is the Messenger of Allah.