Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen Chapter 6 Basic BJT Amplifiers

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-1

In this chapter, we will: Understand the concept of an analog signal and the principle of a linear amplifier.  Investigate how a transistor circuit can amplify a small, time-varying input signal. Discuss and compare the three basic transistor amplifier configurations.  Analyze the common-emitter amplifier.  Understand the ac load line & determine the maximum symmetrical swing of the output.  Analyze the emitter-follower amplifier.  Analyze the common-base amplifier. Analyze multitransistor or multistage amplifiers. circuit. Understand the concept of signal power gain in an amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-2

Common Emitter with Time-Varying Input

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-3

IB Versus VBE Characteristic

vbe iB $ I BQ (1  ) ! I B  ib VT
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-4

ac Equivalent Circuit for Common Emitter

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-5

Small-Signal Hybrid T Model for npn BJT

I CQ VT

gm !

FVT rT ! I CQ g m rT ! F

Phasor signals are shown in parentheses.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-6

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Using Common-Emitter Current Gain

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-7

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for npn Common Emitter circuit

rT Av ! ( g m RC )( ) rT  RB
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-8

Problem-Solving Technique: BJT AC Analysis

1. Analyze circuit with only dc sources to find Q point. 2. Replace each element in circuit with smallsignal model, including the hybrid T model for the transistor. 3. Analyze the small-signal equivalent circuit after setting dc source components to zero.

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-9

Transformation of Elements
Element Resistor Capacitor Inductor Diode DC Model R Open Short +VK, rf AC Model R C L rd = VT/ID

Independent Constant Voltage Source Independent Constant Current Source

Neamen

+ VS -

Short

IS

Open
Chapter 6-10

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Hybrid TModel for npn with Early Effect

VA ro ! I CQ
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-11

Hybrid p Model for pnp with Early Effect

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-12

Expanded Hybrid T Model for npn

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-13

h-Parameter Model for npn

hie ! rb  rT rQ h fe ! F

rT hre $ rQ 1 F 1 hoe !  rQ ro
Chapter 6-14

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

T-Model of an npn BJT

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-15

4 Equivalent 2-port Networks

Voltage Amplifier

Current Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-16

4 Equivalent 2-port Networks

Transconductance Amplifier

Transresistance Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-17

Common Emitter with Voltage-Divider Bias and a Coupling Capacitor

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-18

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Coupling Capacitor Assumed a Short

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-19

npn Common Emitter with Emitter Resistor

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-20

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit: Common Emitter with RE

Rib ! rT  (1  F ) RE Ri ! R1 R 2 Rib  F RC Ri Av ! ( ) rT  (1  F ) RE Ri  RS
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-21

RE and Emitter Bypass Capacitor

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-22

Current Source Biasing and Nonlinear Load

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-23

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit with Current Biasing and Nonlinear Load

Av !  g m (ro rc )
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-24

dc AND ac Load Lines: RE and Emitter Bypass Capacitor

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-25

Problem-Solving Technique: Maximum Symmetrical Swing

1. Write dc load line equation that relates ICQ and VCEQ. 2. Write ac load line equations that relates ic and vce 3. In general, ic = ICQ IC(min), where IC(min) is zero or other minimum collector current. 4. In general, vce = VCEQ VCE(min), where VCE(min) is some specified minimum collector-emitter voltage. 5. Combine above 4 equations to find optimum ICQ and VCEQ.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-26

Common-Collector or Emitter-Follower Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-27

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit: Emitter Follower

Rib ! rT  (1  F )(ro RE ) Ri ! R1 R2 R ib Ri Av ! ( ) rT  (1  F )(ro RE ) Ri  RS

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-28

(1  F )(ro RE )

Output Resistance: Emitter Follower

rT Ro ! RE ro 1 F

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-29

Common-Base Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-30

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit: Common Base

Av ! g m ( RC RL ) RC rT Ai ! g m ( )[ RE ] RC  RL 1  F
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-31

Input Resistance: Common Base

Rie = rT/(1+F)

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-32

Output Resistance: Common Base

RO = RC

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-33

Common Emitter Cascade Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-34

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit: Cascade Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-35

Darlington Pair

Ai $ F1 F 2
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-36

Cascode Amplifier

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Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-37

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit: Cascode Amplifier

Av $  g m1 ( RC RL )
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e McGraw-Hill Chapter 6-38