Professional Documents
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Agenda
Intro Market Applications Requirements Standardization Technical Specification Software stack Integration
ZigBee
A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communications standard for automation, toys, & PC peripherals
MARKET
ZigBee Mission:
To bring about the existence of a broad range of interoperable consumer devices by establishing open industry specifications for unlicensed, untethered peripheral, control and entertainment devices requiring the lowest cost and lowest power consumption communications between compliant devices anywhere in and around the home.
Low Cost
At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions
Objective of ZigBee
Interoperable consumer devices Open industry specification Peripheral, control and entertainment devicesLowest cost and lowest power consumption Anywhere in and around the home
Traget Market:
A multimedia PC with interactive gaming options or a 32" television equipped with Home Theatre features, Internet access (e.g. WebTV) or a video gaming console (e.g. Sega, Nintendo, Sony). These residents potentially have the need for advanced HID and toy solutions that could enhance their living or entertainment experiences. Low cost solutions for interconnectivity between toys, such as, TomoguchisExisting homes with installed security, home automation or HVAC systems, and new homes with plans for these systems. The Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) market may also find use for ZigBee products for controlling multimedia presentations, conference rooms, training rooms and automation or control functions.
For NEC Internal Use Only
AV Net
PC Net
xDSL
PHONE
Tel Net
H.Auto Net
SATELLITE TERRESTRIAL
Entertainment
CABLE
xDSL
PHONE BB Wireless
PC Printer Scanner... Phone Fax Environmental H.Auto Net Security Medical Domestic app For NEC Internal Use Only
GATEWAY
Productivity
$ 250 200 150 100 50 0 New technologies will lead to a sharp demand decrease in cost for the different applications Sharp demand decrease leads on the other hand to step increase in customer demand For 2000/1,
19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04
<300kps; BOM < $6.00 <22Mbps; BOM < $20-30 >22Mbps; BOM < $60-70
For 2003/4,
<300kbps <22Mbps
<300kps; BOM < $2.50 <22Mbps; BOM < $8-18 >22Mbps; BOM < $20-35
600 500 Million units 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Others Industrial Applications Home Environment
Years
Industrial Applications will drive initial market Home Environment will become Important Over time, there will be varied Applications (Other)
10,000
Ricochet
1,000
WLAN technologies
HomeRF
100
ZigBee
Bluetooth PAN technologies
Bandwidth kbps
100,000
10,000
Ricochet
1,000
OpenAir
HomeRF
802.11b
100
Hiper LAN/1 Bluetooth Bandwidth kbps
ZigBee
10,000
Ricochet
1,000
HomeRF
802.11a
100
ZigBee
OpenAir
Bandwidth kbps
100,000
Industry Outlook
ZigBee Products on the market
RF-Lite (ZigBee) SIG created 802.11b standard ratified BT special interest group becomes public, and BT 1.0 initial specs released 1st BT devices on market, BT 1.1 standard rolled out
First 802.11a products on 802.11g the market standard ratified BT 2.0 standard rolled out
1999
2000
2001
For NEC Internal Use Only
2002
2003
Target Applications 1
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV)
Computer peripherals; HID devices
Remote controls for audio and video equipment PC Enhanced & stand alone toys
In-room coverage Home+yard coverage
Target Applications 2
Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices
Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control Wireless Keypads Smoke and flame detectors Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home; Blinds/Shades Pool/Spa equipment Garage door openers Voice Control
New device categories that have not yet been developed, such as news tablets, and keyboards with built-in displays
Device Examples:
HID devices Video gaming equipment; Multi-player PC & video games Playing a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor Remote controls for audio and video equipment Glass breakage monitoring (sensors); Wireless Keypads; Child Monitor; Smoke and flame detectors; Fire Pull stations; Personal transponders; Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home; Fireplaces Pool/Spa equipment Garage door openers For NEC Internal Use Only
Consumer Electronics
PC Peripherals
Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad
Personal Healthcare
y y y Monitors Diagnostics Sensors
Home Automation
y y y y
Market Requirements
Global licence free ISM band operation Unrestricted geographic use RF penetration through walls & ceilings Automatic/semi-automatic installation Ability to add or remove devices Possible voice support
Applications:
Human Input Devices (HID)
Keyboard Mouse / Pointing Device Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment) Gaming Device
Applications:
Home Automation and Control
Automation Devices Control Devices
Success Factors
Low cost Data type support Ease of installation Reliable data transfer Short range operation Reasonable battery life Unlicensed band Unrestricted geographical use Global implementation Governmental regulations
STANDARDIZATION
History
Low-rate solution for HomeRF, January 1998 Initial MRD, October 1998 Initial RSI/TRD, October 1999 Proposals submitted, July 2000 Initial specification, v0.2, September 2000 Proposal to IEEE 802.15.4, March 2001 Proposal accepted by IEEE, July 2001
For NEC Internal Use Only
Technical:
Protocol Features
Master/slave topology Automatic network configuration Dynamic slave device addressing Virtual peer-to-peer links (pairing) Full handshaking for packet transfers Power management features Up to 254 (+ master) network nodes
For NEC Internal Use Only
Application Application Interface Network Layer Data Link Layer MAC Layer MAC Layer PHY Layer
Silicon ZigBee Stack Application
ZigBee Alliance
IEEE
User Interface
Group Call Cordless Intercom Headset vMessage Dial-up Networking vCard vNote vCal
Fax
Voice
OBEX RFCOMM
(Serial Port)
HOST
MODULE
Direct Sequence
Spread spectrum regulations allow higher transmit power
Longer range Transmit power: -4 - +20dBm
Direct sequence
Faster acquisition than frequency hopping Complexity in digital domain (cheaper)
Range Estimation
66 134
Network Topology
Intermittent
Basic communication
PA
Receive Data
Baseband Radio
Minimum external components for low BOM CMOS 0.18 or other low cost similar capablity process
Microprocessor+ Housekeeping+MAC
2002
2003
2004
2005
Protocol Features
Master/slave topology Automatic network configuration Dynamic slave device addressing Virtual peer-to-peer links (pairing) Full handshaking for packet transfers Power management features Up to 254 (+ master) network nodes
Frequency Bands
2400.0
2446.5 2475.0
2483.5
USA
Europe
Spain*
France*
Japan*
10dBm 29 54
20dBm 66 134
Approx. x2
Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model
For NEC Internal Use Only
Summary
Solution that effectively addresses the needs of the target market place with: Low data rate (<250Kbps) Low cost (~ BT/2) Very low power (6 months - 2 years on 2 AA batteries.) Network Solution
A P M P P M
A P A
P A
Radio Design
All radios are symmetric (can be master or slave)
Scatternet Multiple pico-nets co-located Device can be on multiple pico-nets (Performance tradeoff)
Networking
ZigBee:
Large master-slave networks, with fast access Slave - initiated communication, (minimises slave energy requirements) Virtual peer-peer device pairing links
Bluetooth:
Dynamic ad-hoc transient Pico-nets Dynamic master role negotiation Extensive profiles to ensure compatibility Active / Park modes
For NEC Internal Use Only
Typical Applications
ZigBee:
Static networks between low cost devices Sensors Automation and control Data exchange
Bluetooth:
Ad-hoc networks between capable devices Handsfree audio Screen graphics, pictures File transfer
For NEC Internal Use Only
Air Interface
ZigBee - Control Applications Bluetooth - Audio
ZigBee:
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 250kb/s Optimised for short packets CSMA channel access TDMA slots can be allocated for critical devices
Bluetooth:
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum(1600 hop/s) 720kb/s (for voice, audio and bulk data) Poll - reply channel access Very low latency frame structure (<1ms)
For NEC Internal Use Only
Power Considerations
ZigBee:
2+ years from normal batteries Designed to optimise slave power requirements
Bluetooth:
Power model as a mobile phone (regular charging) Designed to maximise ad-hoc functionality
For NEC Internal Use Only
Timing Considerations
ZigBee:
New slave enumeration = 30ms typically Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically
Bluetooth:
New slave enumeration = >3s Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically
For NEC Internal Use Only
ZigBee:
Error detection / re-transmissions Fully handshaked protocol Application level security
Bluetooth:
Forward error correction 0, 40 & 64-bit encryption
Cost Standpoint
ZigBee:
Minimum slave cost Minimum software and processing (80C51), no host platform System design for eventual single-chip antenna-to-application realisation
Bluetooth:
Low added cost connectivity Take advantage of host processor power (ARM7) 802.11 functionality but with simplified r.f. specifications
Solution Prices
ZigBee:
Price 2002 - $6 Price 2003 - $1.5-2.5
Bluetooth:
Price Now - $25 Price 2003 - $5
For NEC Internal Use Only