Amity Business School

Submitted by:Reema Singh B-17 Nihar Taranekar F-46

CRYPTOGRAPHY
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The practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; The first documented use of cryptography in writing, dates back to 1900 B.C.

Goals

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There are some specific security requirements, including: Authentication: The process of proving one's identity. Privacy/confidentiality: Ensuring that no one can read the message except the intended receiver. Integrity: Assuring the receiver that the received message has not been altered in any way from the original. Non-repudiation: A mechanism to prove that the sender really sent this message.

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Cryptography, then, not only protects data from theft or alteration, but can also be used for user authentication. There are three types of cryptographic schemes: secret key (or symmetric) cryptography, Public-key (or asymmetric) cryptography, Hash functions. In all cases, the initial unencrypted data is referred to as plaintext. It is encrypted into ciphertext.

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History
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Greeks used Transposition Cipher Asimplese ntenceoft ransposit ioncipher

Becomes
Anri stao ienn mnsc pcpi leop eosh sfie ettr

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Greeks used Substitution Cipher

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Caesar Substitution Cipher with key 3 hello world becomes khoor zruog

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Poly-alphabetic Cipher
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A cipher is polyalphabetic if a given letter of the alphabet will not always enciphered by the same ciphertext letter.

The simplest way to produce a polyalphabetic cipher is to combine different monoalphabetic ciphers.

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Secret key cryptography algorithms that are in use today include:

Data Encryption Standard (DES) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) CAST-128/256 International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) Rivest Ciphers (aka Ron's Code)

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Public-key cryptography algorithms that are in use today for key exchange or digital signatures include:
RSA Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)

Amity Business School

Amity Business School

Amity Business School

Amity Business School