Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compound nouns
Roots of words and their formation using
prefixes and suffixes
Modals
Passive construction
Imperatives
Conditional forms
Logical connectors
Sequence connectors
Relative clauses
EDUCATIONAL EMPHASES
Thinking skills
Learning How to Learn skills
ICT skills
Values Education and Citizenship
Multiple Intelligences
Knowledge Aquisition
Preparation for the Real World
THINKING SKILLS
• Enable students to solve problems,
analyse information, make decisions
and express themselves accurately
and creatively in simple language.
LEARNING HOW TO LEARN
SKILLS
These skills include library skills, study
skills, information gathering and
processing skills to enable students to
access sources of information more
efficiently and help them to become
independent life-long learners.
INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY SKILLS (ICT)
Include the use of multimedia
resources such as TV documentaries
and the Internet as well as the use of
computer-related activities such as e-
mail, networking and interacting with
electronic couseware.
VALUES EDUCATION &
CITIZENSHIP
They enable the students to develop
positive and informed values and
attitudes towards themselves and
others.
Seek to educate students on
providing accurate information and
avoiding bias.
Train students to be environmentally
aware and to use scientific
knowledge to serve the country.
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
These skills, such as the use of
logico-spatial intelligence in the
interpretation of diagrams and
graphs, enable students to be well-
rounded in science and technology.
KNOWLEDGE AQUISITION
Other disciplines such as geography,
mathematics, environment studies and
consumerism have been incorporated to
help students gain more knowledge on
matters related to science and technology.
PREPARATION FOR THE
REAL WORLD
• Equips students to face life better
when they leave school by exposing
them to real-life situations in the
classroom.
• Prepare students to meet the
challenges of academia and the
world of work or to keep up with the
developments in the field of science
and technology.
THE SIGNIFICANCE?
The EST programme does not set out
to teach science per se, but to make
content about science in English
familiar to students. Passages are
generally based on the application of
science in a wide range of fields as
these help to sustain the interest of
the reader. Stiff science textbook is
best dealt with in the science
classroom.
In this respect:
• Students are encourage to read more, so
that, they learn to recognise and pick up
words and phrases that are common in
science texts.
• A lot of science texts are written for the
layman and the local newspapers are a good
source of these materials.
• Many of these texts simplify the language
and use less jargon.
FOR TESTING PURPOSES:
The best method to test reading
comprehension is to use short texts.
With short texts, the skills to be tested can
be manipulated, i.e. examiners can decide
if they want to test the ability to extract
definitions or main ideas or general
principles, or supporting arguments.
For the purposes of finding out candidates’
ability to organise information, longer
texts are necessary.
SO?
Armed with this knowledge,
students can train themselves by
reading and understanding longer
texts (about 300 or more words)
before getting into the test mode.
THE TEST FORMAT