Rizal as a Traveller
things along the way. plain bound to Barcelona. He was
Make a name as a journalist
To observe European society
To prepare himself for the task of
the liberating filipinos from the
Spaniards cruelty
May 3, 1882
Rizal is sad that he leaves his
country. He faced his fear of
moving out of his comfort zone.
Rizal is telling us that we shouldn’t
be afraid of changes. Face the
challenges. Change is inevitable.
These changes might change us.
Give us life lessons that we can
share.
May 1, 1882
Rizal travelled from calamba to
manila via carromata. A carriage
or kalesa. Rizals travel is a secret.
Travelled for 10 hours. Secret
departure. Pasiano secured a
passport under the name of Jose
mercado having an identity of
being a native of Santa cruz.
Toavoid association of rizal to
pasiano. Jose rizal is already
associated with father burgos, one
of the three martyr priests. Which
is executed because they are
implicated with cavite mutiny.
Three priests are against the
church and government. Rizal
already overuse his own name.
new name which means new
beginning.
Salvadora bound for Singapore
It took him a week to reach
Singapore from manila. To
entertain himself, he made
sketches of fellow passengers and
Singapore
Stop over for 2 days. He was able
to visit botanical garden, art
galleries, parks and historical
spots. These things are part of
history of that place.
Djemnah
Boarded djemnah which is a
French steamer.
During the journey, they stop over
Point Galle in Ceylon, Aden.
Ceylon is shri lanka which is the
capital of colombo. Aden is
colombo.
Port Said at Suez canal
Another stop over
June 1882.
Naples, Italy
Rizal appreciated the panoramic
beauty and lively people
Marseilles
June 1882
He appreciated the courtesy of the
customs police. Graceful and
impressive building and courtesy
and refined manners of the French
men.
From Marseilles, Rizal boarded a
able to reach Barcelona in June
16, 1882. Stayed for 3 months
because of academic calendar.
Observe customs of the people
and spent time in the library.
Described their good qualities
such as open hearted, hospitable
and courageuous. He also writes in
his family relatives and friends. He
wrote his first literary piece which
is knows as Amor patrio (Love of
Country) there is no greater love
and no other place like home. Pen
name used is laong laan. Laong
means a long time. Laan means
reserved for a purpose. Both
combined means someone who is
kept in reserve for a purpose for a
long time. This is like rizal.
Published in manila in dyaryong
tagalog.
Rizal stopped producing
nationalistic articles.
Because of the opposition of his
mother, he mother believes that
writing makes himself in danger.
difficulty of recognition in a
foreign country and desire to
finish his studies.
After three months he moved to
madrid….
He enrolled in ateneo de madrid
for the polishing of his English
german French languages. He also
enrolled in academia de san
Fernando for practicing and
enhance skills in painting and
sculpture. He also enrolled in
schools of sans carbonel to
practice fencing.

Madrid
He came up with idea of writing
novel. Noli me tangere (touch me
not) written in 1884 and able to
finish it on 1885 and published in
1887. Originally written in Spanish.
Green book is already translation.
Book is inspired by uncle tom’s
cabin which is slavery of black
americans in 19th century. He also
wants to expose the Spanish
colonial abuse in the Philippines.
Book is dedicated to the
Philippines. Noli me tangere is
latin language. Jesus’ words to
mary Magdalene in John20:17.
Told her touch me not. Book talks
about social cancers. Social issues
should not touch the filipinos.
Finish the half in madrid.
France
1883
Visit places and observe their lives.
Visit opera houses boulevards
parks churches and hospitals.
Museums libraries and galleries.
1885-1886
Work as an apprentice in optical
clinic of Louise de weckert since
rizal specializes in optalmology.
Rizal learned the actual
performance of high operation.
Updated recent studies on the
ailment of the eyes. Various
technique of eye operation.
Juan Luna
Studio. Visit to develop his
painting technique. Also posed as
a model in his painting which is
the blood compact where he
posed as sikatuna. Death of
cleopatra where rizal posed as a
priest.
Finished ¼ of noli me tangere in
France. Stay was cut short. Left
paris because of high cost of living.
Germany
Spent a year. 1886-1887. Visited in
Heidelberg. Next is Leipzig.
Another is Dresden. And lastly
berlin.
Heidelberg
University and romantic
surrounding. Met and become
apprentice of Otto becker which is
the director of the university eye
hospital.
Letter to Maria and Trinidad.
Described Germany as a country.
Germany is country of order and
obedience. Students as
affectionate respectful modest
and not boastful. German women
are tall south and blonde. German
women are serious and not afraid
to communicate with men. Open
minded. Diligent.
Heidelberg
Neckar river. Colorful flowers
Remind of hometown calamba.
Inspired to write poem entitled
alas flores de Heidelberg or to the
flowers of Heidelberg.
Wilhelmsfeld.
Mountaneous village of
Heidelberg. Stayedin house of dr.
karl ullmer. Who helped him
master the german language.
Religious tolerance. Protestant
pastor freely relates well with
catholic priests. No conflict with
protestant pastor and catholic
priest.
July 31, 1886
Wrote a letter to Ferdinand
Blumentritt. Rizal learned that
blumentritt is interested with
ethymology and Philippine
language.
After 6 months, he went to
Leipzig.
Enrolled….
In leipzig, rizal worked as a
proofreader. Somneone who edit,
revise, books and writeups.
Needed to work to augment his
allowance. Translated german
Spanish and other European
languages.
After two days, moved to berlin
To supplement his studies and
language of science in university of
berlin. Wants study and observe
the political and economic
conditions of Germany. Customs
of people. Berlin boulevard, join
the circles of famous german
scientists and scholars. Such as
anthropological society,
ethnological society and
geographic society. Complete and
publish noli me tangere. Schedule
activities. Morning works in clinic.
Evening attends in lectures.
Practiced his language in speaking
and before he sleep he continues
in writing the novel.
November 1886
Rizal is penniless. Late allowance
in the Philippines. Crack failure.
Forced to sell his books in a
second hand bookstore. He
became sick
December 1886
Maximo viola
Offered loan him money. Finance
the book noli me tangere.
March 21, 1887
Rizal’s first novel was published.
Galley proof is the very first copy
of the book. Not edited not
bound.berlin ends rizal’s stay in
Germany.
Grand tour in Europe
May 11, 1887
Dresden
With maximo viola
Visit dr adolf meyer. Same doctor
in Dresden. Wrote letter to
blumentritt telling his intention of
visiting blumentritt.
Leitmeritz Bohemia Ulm
Train station Ferdinand Ulm cathedral which is largest and
blumentritt was there to pick tallest cathedral in Germany.
them up. They described family as
hospitable and appreciate his wife
as a good cook. Baden
Stuttgart
Prague Colorful houses.
Tomb of Copernicus. Famous
astronomer during time of rizal.
Museum of natural history. Rhein fall
Bacteriological laboratories. Most beautiful fall in Europe
Famous cave. One of the cave is
san juan de nepumoceno.
Switzerland
Brunn Schaffhausen
Rizal realized he forgot his Basel
diamond stick pin at the room Bern
they stayed in blumentritts place.
Wrote a latter to blumentritt. Sent Lausanne
it back to rizal.
Leman lake
Vienna
Geneva
Greatest novelist which is
Stayed 15 days. Decided to part
Norfenfals. Meet norfenfals.
ways. July 23 1887. Viola return
back to Barcelona and rizal went
to Italy.
Danube river
Lintz
Italy
Turin milan Venice and Florence
Salzburg
Rome
Munich
Eternal city. St peter square,
Try famous beer. Assumed that Vatican church. Decided to return
munich beer is best beer in in philippoines.
Germany
Nuremberg
Manufacture beautiful dolls
First homecoming
August 1887
Warned him the uproar of the
friars caused by his book. Spanish
friars are upset with his book.
Reasons: to operate on his
mother’s eyes. To serve people
who have longed been oppressed
by the Spanish tyrants. To find out
for himself how the noli me
tangere and his other writings
were affecting the filipinos and the
Spaniards in the Philippines.to
inquire why Leonora rivera
remained silent.
From rome spent 34 days in ship.
Ship has 50 passengers. Other
passengers were englighmen
germans Chinese Japanese and
Frenchman. Hes the only filipino
passenger. He served as
interpreter during the travel.
August 5, 1887
Arrival in the Philippines. In manila
nothing changed. No progress.
Same situation since h first went
out.
Calamba
Established medical clinic. First
patient is his mother. Turned out
good. People called him dr.
ulliman because he came from
Germany. 900 to 5000 patients.
Also bult a gymnasium.
Encouraged European sports. To
avoid vices. he gave importance to
the youth.
Noli me tangere that they own their land.
Tenants of their own land.
Governor general Emilio terrero
 Absence of good faith on the
summon rizal to malacanang
part of the estate
because of his novel. He explained
that he just exposed the truth. He
didn’t advocate subversive. He
Marred rizal’s happy days in
asked rizal to give him a copy.
calamba
Knew rizals life is in danger. He
assigned young Spanish lieutenant 1. Death of his older sister,
jose caviel de Andrade. olimpia
2. the groundless tales
circulated by his enemies.
Rizals enemies were powerful. Ust
committee of the faculty did their
own study. Not satisfied so they Compelled rizal to leave calamba
asked permanent commission of
1. his presence in calamba
censorship to study the book.
was jeopardizing the
Recommended the ban of
importation…. Made the book safety and happiness of
popular. his family and friends.
2. He could fight better his
enemies and serve his
country’s cause with
Attackers of rizal’s novel
greater efficacy by writing
Anti rizal pamphlets. 8 pamphlets in foreign countries.
written by friars. Attacking rizals
reputation. Sold daily in front of
the church. Himno al trabajo (hymn to labor)
Poem Asked by the townfolk of
calamba
Rizal became more contentious….
Picture Portraying the dignity of manual
work.
 Dominican friars doesn’t just
own a part, they already own Rizal bade goodbye to his country
the whole calamba hacienda. for the second time
Filipinos in the place are
already tenants of own land. He wasn’t able to have glimpse of
 Products are going to Leonor rivera.
Dominican fathers. Small parts
go to lieutenants
 Dominican friars are just
getting money. They are really
rich. They don’t share with
anyone.
 The land and natives RIZAL’S SECOND TRAVEL
cultivated. Cleared… false
document informing them
FEBRUARY 1888 TIME RIZAL LEFT
COUNTRY FOR THE SECOND TIME
Hongkong
Hongkong is a british colony.
Warmly welcomed by Jose Maria
Basa. He studied their customs.
One of which is their religion.
November 1891 to June 1892
Rizal’s family joined him in
hongkong before the Christmas of
1891. Rizal established his medical
clinic. Rizal received a duplicate
copy of his licentiate in medicine
that allowed him to practice his
profession freely. He wrote and
printed the constitution of the La
liga Filipina (The Philippine
League) he contributed articles in
the british newspaper, The
Hongkong Telegraph. He stayed
for 7 months
Japan
No one accommodates him.
Stayed in Spanish legation.
Legation is an embassy but it is
headed and managed by a
minister. He was impressed by
their culture and their value of
honesty.
United States of America
Extra one week which he spent at
the port. America is the
land par excellence of freedom but
only for the whites (Zaide, 2012).
Slavery is still rampant at that
time.
England
France
Biarritz he finished his novel, El
Filibusterismo after his failed
proposal to Nellie Boustead
Belgium
School in Calamba – Colegio de
Moderno
Valentin Ventura – helped publish
El Filibusterismo. Rizal gave him
the original manuscript
El Filibusterismo is dedicated to
Gomburza because they are the
symbol of people that are
oppressed by Spanish
governments in the philippoines
El Filibusterismo means “the
subversive” or “the reign of greed”
Spain
The Propaganda movement want
to bring change to the society.
Family was ejected and went to
hongkong. Leonor rivera’s letter
of marriage to another man.
La solidaridad- the official organ of
the propaganda movement. Rizal
declined because it was against his
ideology.
Borneo
Sandakan- a province in north
borneo
RIZAL AS A PROFESSIONAL
Rizal’s letter to Mariano Ponce,
London, October 12 1888
 I shall always be at the service
of my country and what my
fellow countrymen think I can
do I shall do.
 Rizal went home to the
Philippines for the second
time on June 26, 1892.
He immediately went to
Malacañang Palace to look for
the Governor-General to ask
pardon for his family and the
possible agreement for the
Borneo settlement.
Propaganda movement –
advocate reforms
La Liga Filipina ( The
Philippine League)
 Unus Instrar Omnium (One
like all – motto
Main objective is to establish
reforms in the country
Ex-communicated- excluded from
participating in the sacraments
and services of Christian
church
He was believed to be a protestant
Community is suffering a disease
called Malaria
He concucted local medicinal
plants
Can accommodate two patients
He operated his mother’s eyes for
the third time.
Catalan- used in northeast of
spain
Rizal will memorize 5 root words
every night
At end of the year, total 1825
words of the language
It gives him advantage, serves as
interpreter to his fellow
travelers
Dapitan
Malay Language
Lingua France of the community
visayan and subanon
Language
For him to communicate to people
freely and easily and to do
business with them
Irrigation dams and tanks if they
wanted to bring down water
from spring
From spring in the mountain, they
built a dam and using pipes
they use it to bring it down to
the town
Lightning system- coconut oil
lamps
Inventor- net weaving used to
catch fishes
Finitudeness- limitations
They allowed him to leave dapitan
because he volunteered as a
medical doctor in cuba
September 2 1896- the Katipunan
headed by Andres Bonifacio
attacked San Juan
When Katipunan attacked san
juan, rizal heard the news
when they are still in
Mediterranean seas, he is
implicated with the said event,
he was arrested and kept
prisoner in the ship,
Fort Santiago
17 days after arrested, preliminary
investigation began, defense
council was Don Luis Taviel de
Andrade
Masonry- a civic movement
promoting fraternity
RIZAL AND HIS PHILOSOPHICAL
IDEOLOGIES
LIBERALISM- freedom for
individual
Rationalism- belief or theory
where opinion and action
should be based on reason
and knowledge rather than
religious believe or emotional
response
Deism- religion of nature form of
rational theology that
emerged from free thinking
Europeans in the 17 and 18
centuries. They believe
religious truth should be
subjective, authority of human
reason rather than divine
revelation
Limited curriculum- schools are
church related, focused on
Christian doctrine, obedience
to friars, mode of learning is
memorization
Teachers had no prestige-
Prestige- widespread respect and
admiration towards someone

MODULES
MODULE 7
Trivia:
Riza had his first stop over in
Singapore when he left the
Philippines for the first time. He
stayed there for two days and
started observing its culture,
traditions, and their way of life.
RIZAL AS A TRAVELER
I love my country, but I fled from
her. Nothing links me to the world
but a few beings and a home. Yet,
I abandoned them without bidding
them goodbye. My country
breezes hide my sighs; her springs
keep tiny drops of my tears; in her
leaves, in her palms, in her trees
have been etched my plaints and
memories. A sweet death she
offers me. Yet away from all I love,
in a strange land, among people
indifferent and unknown, I cry not
for her. I am afraid, terror-
stricken, at the sight of her
unwelcome arms.
- Jose Rizal (May 3,
1882)
A. FIRST JOURNEY ABROAD
Finally decided to study in Europe,
Rizal left the Philippines for the
first time and moved to Spain. For
five years (1882 — 1887) in
sojourn, he stayed in the three
European countries — Spain,
France, and Germany.
Spain (1882 - 1885)
Rizal arrived in Barcelona on June
16, 1882 and stayed there for
three months. He went on to
observe the customs of the people
and spent most of his time in the
library. In his observation of this
foreign soil, he began to see the
Philippines in a different manner.
His essay Amor Patrio (Love of
Country) portrayed that there was
no greater love and no other place
like home. As he wrote: ...we in
the foreign land, dedicate our first
accounts to our country...it has
always been said that love is the
most potent force behind the
most sublime deeds; very well, of
all loves, the love of country is
what produced the greatest, the
most heroic, the most
disinterested. On November 3,
1882, he moved to Madrid and
enrolled in the Universidad Central
de Madrid where he enrolled and
finished Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters, the same courses he
started, but left unfinished, at
University of Santo Tomas. Aside
from his academic courses, he
took lessons in languages and in
the arts. During his pastime, Rizal
read a lot of books in different
academic fields; wrote a lot of
articles and poetries; went to
practice strenuous sports, and
started writing his first novel, the
Noli Me Tangere. He also visited
historical places, joined students;
demonstrations, and joined
different associations --- the
Circulo-Hispano Filipino (Hispano-
Philippine Circle) and the
Brotherhood of Masons. When he
finished his academic courses,
Rizal went to Paris and Germany
to practice his medical profession
and to witness the lifestyle of the
two countries.
France (1883, 1885 - 1886)
Prior to his medical practice in
Paris, Rizal went to France on June
17 to August 20, 1883, for a short
summer vacation. Attracted by the
place, he went on to visit places to
observe their way of life. He
visited opera houses, boulevards,
parks, churches, hospitals, and
other Significant places, and spent
most of his time at the museums,
libraries, and galleries. In the fall
of 1885, Rizal went back to Paris to
gain more knowledge in
ophthalmology and practiced in
the clinic of Dr. Louis de Weckert.
In his pastimes, he spent his time
in Juan Luna’s art studio to
improve his painting techniques
and served as model together with
their other compatriots in Lunas
paintings. He went back to this
place in 1888 and 1889
respectively during his second
sojourn to Europe.
Germany (1886 — 1887)
Acquiring enough knowledge in
Paris, Rizal decided to stay in
Germany. He arrived in
Heidelberg, a German city on
February 3, 1886. He worked at
the University Eye Hospital of the
University of Heidelberg under the
directorship of Dr. Otto Becker. In
his idle times, he attended
lectures, visited scenic places such
as castles, theaters, churches and
the romantic Neckar river in which
he wrote his poem A Las Flores de
Heidelberg (To the Flowers of
Heidelberg) reminding him of his
hometown, Calamba. He
befriended Dr. Karl Ullmer, a
Protestant pastor who taught him
the German language. During this
time, Rizal also started writing
Ferdinand Blumentritt, an
ethnologist who later became his
best friend. After six months and a
week, he left Heidelberg and went
to Leipzig on August 9, 1886.
There, he attended lectures in
history and psychology at the
University of Leipzig. He went on
translating Schiller s William Tell
for the Filipinos to learn from the
story of Swiss independence and
Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy
Tale for his nephews and nieces.
After almost two months in
Leipzig, Rizal decided to move to
Dresden and met Dr. Adolf B.
Meyer who recommended him to
different scientific societies in
Germany. Two days after, he went
to Berlin. In this place, Rizal
worked in the clinic of Dr. Karl
Ernest Schweigger and he also
became member of
Anthropological Society,
Ethnological Society and the
Geographical Society of Berlin. He
also took private lessons in French,
observed their customs, touring
the place and attended lectures in
the University of Berlin. It was in
Berlin when Rizal's health
suffered because of lack of
nourishment due to the late
arrival of his allowance from the
Philippines. Maximo Viola became
his savior when he arrived before
Christmas day. Having seen his
situation, Viola loaned some
money for his day-to-day expenses
and agreed to finance the
publication of his first novel, the
Noli Me Tangere. On March 21,
1887, his novel was published. As
a sign of his gratitude to Viola,
Rizal gave the galley proof of the
published novel. On May 11, 1887,
they went for a grand tour in
Europe.
B. FIRST HOMECOMING
After acquiring enough knowledge
in Europe, Rizal decided to go
home. He arrived in his homeland
after thirty-four days of travel
(from July 3 to August 5, 1887). He
was welcomed by his family who
later helped him establish his
medical clinic. He started his
mission of treating the failing
eyesight of his mother. He also
established a gymnasium for the
young to drive them away from
vices. His literary prowess
continued as he translated the
poems of Von Wildernath into
Tagalog. Meanwhile, his
monumental work, the Noli Me
Tangere became controversial to
his readers in the Philippines in
which he was requested to visit
Governor General Emilio Terrero.
After explaining his side that he
only exposed the truth but did not
advocate subversive ideas, the
governor general had to assign a
bodyguard for his security
(knowing the influence of the
church that condemns his work.
Finding that there was nothing
wrong with the novel, the
governor general asked the
committee of the church for
examination and the result: it was
heretical, impious, and scandalous
in the religious order, and anti-
patriotic, subversive of public
order, injurious to the government
of Spain and its function in the
Philippine islands in the political
order. Unsatisfied with the
findings of the committee, General
Terrero sent the novel to the
Commission of Censorship which
was composed of priests and
laymen. The report, as turned out,
brought the same findings with
that of the committee of the
church and they added: ...that the
importation, reproduction, and
circulation of this pernicious book
in the islands be absolutely
prohibited. Rizal became more
contentious when he revealed the
deplorable condition of Calamba
Hacienda. His findings were the
following:
a. The Estate of the Reverend
Dominican Fathers is not situated
in this locality but in fact
constitutes the whole town.
b. The products of the Estate have
increased...and diminished
remarkably for the tenants.
c. The Estate, not spending
anything for the town’s welfare,
not contributing either to festivals
or to schools, or to the
development of agriculture or to
public improvements.
d. The discouragement of the
farmers on seeing that the lands
they have so laboriously cultivated
and cleared are taken away
arbitrarily for the futile reasons or
without reasons.
e. The absence of good faith on
the part of the Estate (NHI, 2007).
With this, Rizal was asked by his
family to leave the Philippines to
avoid the resentment of the friars.
Prior to his departure, he was
asked by the townsfolk of Calamba
to write a poem entitled Himno Al
Trabajo (Hymn to Labor),
portraying the dignity of manual
work and so, Rizal set forth for his
second journey abroad.

C. SECOND JOURNEY ABROAD
(1888 - 1892)
Six months after his homecoming,
Rizal was forced to leave the
country on February 3, 1888. This
marked his second journey
abroad. He stayed in Hong Kong,
Japan, America, London, Paris,
Spain, Belgium, and a short trip to
Borneo.
Hong Kong (1888, 1891 — 1892)
Rizal stayed in the British colony,
Hong Kong and stayed there for
days. He was welcomed by his
friends, and he stayed in Jose
Maria Basa’s residence. During his
stay, he studied the lifestyle,
language, and customs of the
Chinese people. He also made a
trip to Macao and stayed there for
two days. He went on to visit the
famous places including the Grotto
of Camoens. Rizal went back to
this place when he decided to go
back to the Philippines in 1891. He
temporarily stayed there for seven
months (from November 20, 1891,
to June 21, 1892) because of the
sad news from home wherein his
family had to be deported to Hong
Kong. His family joined him before
the Christmas of 1891 Here, Rizal
established his medical clinic and
was able to receive a duplicate
copy of his Licentiate in Medicine
that allowed him to practice his
profession freely. He was able to
operate his mother once again. He
became known medical
practitioner in the Crown Colony.
Rizal’s literary prowess did not
stop him. He wrote and printed
the Constitution of the La Liga
Filipina (The Philippine League)
and contributed articles in the
British newspaper, The Hong Kong
Telegraph.
Japan (1888)
On February 22, 1888, Rizal left
Hong Kong for Japan. Ile arrived in
Yokohama after six days. Even
though he was away from the
Philippines, he was closely
monitored by the Spanish
authorities. The secretary of
Spanish Legation, Juan Perez
Caballero invited him to stay at
the legation. Realizing that he had
nothing to hide from the Spanish
authorities, he accepted the
invitation. His life in Japan was as
ordinary as in the other countries
he visited. He observed the
lifestyle of the people, studied the
language, the Japanese arts, and
enjoyed the villages and other
historical places. He was also
deeply impressed with the culture
of the Japanese people most
especially the value of honesty.
Having not felt the presence of
love since he left the Philippines in
1882, he opened his heart to Usui
Seiko (O-SeiSan), a Japanese girl
who, like him, had the same
inclination in the arts. However,
their love did not last long because
he decided to leave the place after
his forty-five days stay. He left
Japan on April 13, 1888, to the
United States of America.
United States of America (1888)
Rizal arrived in America after
fifteen days (April 28, 1888) from
Japan. The ship. that carried him
to America was on quarantine
because of the news about the
cholera epidemic from the Far
East. It was only after a week
when they were allowed to land in
the city. He stayed in San
Francisco and later he took a trip
across the American continent. He
traversed Nevada, Utah, Colorado,
Nebraska, Chicago, and New York.
He recorded in his diaries the
scenic and historic places of the
different American states including
the Statue of Liberty. Despite the
beautiful sceneries, and rapid
material progress of America, the
culture of racial prejudice was very
apparent. When his friends asked
him about his travels most
especially his impressions about
America, he uttered: America is
the land par excellence of freedom
but only for the whites (Zaide,
2012).
England (1889 1889)
After his travel in America, Rizal
went to London to continue his
search for knowledge and ways to
help the outrageous conditions of
the Filipino people. He arrived in
England on May 24, 1888 and
stayed as guest at the house of Dr.
Antonio Ma. Regidor. He boarded
in the Beckett residence since it
Was a Walking distance to the
British Museum. Here he met
Gertrude, the eldest daughter of
the Becketts and they were linked
together through their passion of
the art. He enclosed himself in the
British Museum spending his time
reading history books about the
Philippines. With this, he went on
to annotate Antonio de Morga’s
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(Historical Events of the Philippine
Islands) that was published in
Mexico in 1609. On the 31st of
December 1888, the Asociacion La
Solidaridad (Solidaridad
Association) was inaugurated in
Barcelona, Spain where Rizal was
made as the honorary president.
Two months after, the La
Solidaridad, the patriotic
newspaper of the association was
founded. The newspaper
portrayed the nationalistic
ideologies of the Filipinos abroad
including Rizal. Aside from his
regular contribution to the La
Solidaridad he was also asked to
contribute articles in Trubner’s
Record, a journal devoted to Asian
studies where he published two of
his works -- Specimens of Tagalog
Folklore and Two Eastern Fables.
France (1888, 1889, 1891)
As he continued annotating de
Morga’s historical book in London
in 1888, Rizal went to visit Paris for
a week to look for more historical
books about the Philippines in
Bibliotheque National (National
Library). It was in this same library
where he spent most of his time
when he decided to stay in this
gay city of France. Moreover, it
was also in this place where he
published his annotation of de
Morga’s Sucesos which he
dedicated to the Filipinos for them
to become knowledgeable of their
glorious past. During his leisure
times, he frequented various
establishments where he
harnessed his gymnastic and
fencing skills. Furthermore, he
spared some of his time visiting
the house of his paisanos
(compatriots). During his stay in
this city, the Universal Exposition
(which was the unveiling of the
Eiffel Tower on May 6, 1889) was
opened. Fascinated by the
grandeur of the event, he
attended the opening and was
able to organize different
associations for his paisanos
(compatriots), the Kidlat Club, the
Indios Bravos, and the Sociedad
R.D.L.M. He also proposed the
establishment of another
association, the Asociacion
International de Filipinistas
(International Association of
Filipinologists) and the founding of
a Filipino College in Hong Kong,
these, however, failed. Though
both of which did not
materialized, he proved still his
irresistible love to his race and to
his Country’s immediate needs.
His articles in La Solidaridad
became more critical than usual.
He became more radical and
daring which really brought direct
effect to his opponents. The
newspaper became his voice in
portraying the different situations
of his country beginning from the
poor governance of the Spaniards
to the possible future of the
Filipinos. In 1891, after all the
adversities he experienced in
Madrid, he went to Biarriü, a
resort city, for vacation. There, he
stayed in the winter residence of
the Boustead family. Being free
now with the shadows of Leonor
Rivera, he courted Nellie and
asked her hands for marriage but
unfortunately, the proposal failed.
Though frustrated in his marriage
proposal, he was able to finish his
second novel, the El
Filibusterismo, as a consolation.
Belgium (1890, 1891)
As he reached Brussels after Paris,
he became busy in writing his
second novel. He also kept on
promoting his native language as
well as defending his countrymen
against their opponents in La
Solidaridäd. He continuously
revealed the oppressing practices
of the Spaniards in his country
most especially when he received
the news about the persecution of
his family in Calamba because of
the unreasonable rents collected
by the friars, He also planned of
establishing a school on top of a
hill in Calamba (Ocampo, 2008).
He wanted the Filipino youth to
study here under his directorship.
He wanted the Filipino youth to
enjoy the same privilege he had
experienced through education.
Despite his hectic schedule, he still
went through his ordinary routine
of practicing his medical
profession and going to the
gymnasium and armory for
recreation. He also had a short
affair with Suzanne Jacoby Thill,
the niece of the Jacoby sisters who
owned the boarding house where
he stayed. In the middle of April
1891, he went back to this place
and finally decided to retire from
the Propaganda Movement.
Simultaneously, he stopped
writing articles for La Solidaridad
though many were asking him to
continue. Rizal moved from
Brussels to Ghent to look for a
publishing house for the printing
of his second novel. He had the
same fate during the publication
of his first novel — he ran out of
fund. He pawned his jewelries and
the money he expected from his
friends did not arrive. However, an
unexpected help coming from
Valentin Ventura made the
printing of his second novel
possible. On September 18, 1891,
the El Filibusterismo came off the
press. As a sign of gratitude and as
a symbol of friendship, he gave
the original manuscript and an
autographed printed copy to
Ventura, the same act he did to
Viola. Rizal dedicated his second
novel to the three Filipino martyrs
— GOM-BUR-ZA, the symbol of
oppressed Spanish governance in
the Philippine Islands.
Spain (1888, 1890 -1891, 1896)
While he was busy annotating de
Morga’s historical work, he visited
Madrid and Barcelona for any
possible news about political
reforms in the Philippines. During
his visit, he met Marcelo H. del
Pilar and Mariano Ponce, the twin
towers of the Propaganda
Movement. He went back to
Madrid in 1890 to seek help for his
family in the Philippines. He went
on to call the Ministries of
Colonies and other former
members of it, but he was
unsuccessful. Added to his
adversities were the letters
Coming from his brother-in- law,
Silvestre Ubaldo, informing him
that his family in Calamba has
received a copy of Ejectment
Order. He also received a heart-
breaking letter from Leonör Rivera
telling him that he was about to
marry Henry Kippings. Further, the
once ideal La Solidaridad shifted
plans and now wanted to change
its editorial policy which was
contrary to Rizal's political
ideology for it creates diversity
than unity among his compatriots.
However, the group already
decided that there should be a
leader called Responsable. Rizal
won the first two elections but did
not reach the required two-thirds
of votes. Hence, Mariano Ponce
appealed to their compatriots to
vote for Rizal. For the third time,
Rizal obtained the required two-
thirds of votes, but he declined to
take the position because of his
ideology. In 1896, Rizal gave his
service to the Spanish government
to help the people in Cuba.
However, before his arrival in
Barcelona, he was held as a
prisoner on board because of his
possible connection to the
revolution lifted by the Katipunan.
This marked his third and last trip
abroad.
Borneo (1892)
While Rizal was in Hong Kong, he
thought of establishing a Filipino
colony in a rich British-owned
island, the North Borneo (now
Sabah, Malaysia). This plan was
associated in the present
condition of farmers in Calamba
wherein they were dissociated
from their farmlands. He went to
visit Sandakan on March 7, 1892,
to make a survey of the place and
negotiate with the British
authorities for possible
settlement. The British North
Borneo Company was willing to
offer, 100,000 acres of land for
Filipino colonists. However, the
settlement did not materialize
because the governor-general of
the Philippines at that time,
Eulogio Despujol, disapproved the
plan.
MODULE 8
RIZAL AS A PROFESSIONAL
Trivia:
Rizal won in a lottery with the
winning number 9736 with the
amount of P2,600.00. He sent
some to his parents and he used
some in acquiring lands in Talisay
and cleared it to make it valuable
through the help of his students.
More so, Joselito Dalman
Aseniero, one of his students,
became the first governor of the
Province of the Zamboanga in
1925.
RIZAL AS A PROFESSIONAL
 I shall always be at the service
of my country and what my
fellow countrymen
think I can do I shall do.
- Rizal’s Letter to Mariano Ponce,
London, October 12, 1888
REASON OF HIS ARREST
Rizal went home to the Philippines
for the second time on June 26,
1892. He immediately went to
Malacañang Palace to look for the
Governor-General to ask pardon
for his family and the possible
agreement for the Borneo
settlement. He went on to visit his
friends for possible support they
could give from the various
reforms he aspired for his country.
Hence, ten days after his arrival,
he convened them together with
his friends recruits in the house of
Doroteo Ongjungco. He dispensed
to them the objectives as well as
the constitution of his planned
association for Filipinos, the La
Liga Filipina (The Philippine
League). The Filipino patriots
approved of its benefit to the
country, and they were in unison
of its foundation. Herewith, they
elected their officers and had to
live its motto: Unus Instrar
Omnium (One Like All). After three
days of its foundation, Rizal was
accused of having brought with
him from Hong Kong leaflets
entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor
Friars), an article written against
the rich Dominican friars who had
violated their vow of poverty.
Despite his ignorance, he was
arrested and exiled in Fort
Santiago charging him of being an
incommunicado (ex-
communicated). On July 14, 1892,
he was sailed to Dapitan for his
deportation without due trial.
Three days after, Rizal reached
Dapitan, he was handed down to
Captain Ricardo Carnicero, a
military governor. There was an
offer for him to stay in the parish
convent but first he had to abide
with the following conditions: (a)
to retract from his religion, (b) to
perform Church rites and (c) to be
a man of religion in which he
totally disagreed. Hence, he chose
to stay in the house of the
commandant. In his stay, he
continuously practiced his
profession and found time to
study Malayan language and
several Philippine dialects,
continued with his artistic pursuits
in sculpture, painting, sketching,
and writing poetry. He won the
respect and the admiration not
only of the townspeople but also
of the military governor, who gave
him a free reign with his ingenuity
to help improve the community
and allowed him all the liberties
except leaving the place.
B. RIZAL AS A PROFESSIONAL
Rizal was gifted with many talents
and skills which were polished by
time. His giftedness was
experienced by the people of
Dapitan during his four years
(1892-1896) confinement in this
place.
As a Medical doctor. He rendered
free medical services and provided
his patients with medicine and
drugs. His reputation as a medical
doctor has become widely known
to different places. With this, he
was visited by wealthy patients
coming from other parts of the
Philippines and even from far
away Hong Kong. To shelter his
patients during their treatment
period, he constructed small
houses called casitas de salud to
accommodate them.
As a Farmer/Agriculturist. When
Rizal won a lottery, he invested it
in purchasing agricultural lands.
He bought an abandoned farm in
Talisay, a barrio near Dapitan with
an area of 16 hectares and was
rather rocky. With the help of his
pupils and some laborers, they
cleared it and planted cacao,
coffee, coconuts, and other fruit
bearing tress. Later, he bought
more lands until his total land
holdings reached 70 hectares
which contained 6,000 abaca
plants, 1,000 coconut palms and
fruit bearing trees. He also
introduced modern methods of
agriculture which he had observed
during his travels such as use of
fertilizers, the rotation of crops,
and the use of farm machines.
As a Linguist. Rizal knew different
languages, namely, Tagalog,
Ilokano Spanish, Latin, Greek,
English, French, German, Arabic,
Hebrew, Sanskrit, Catalan, Dutch,
Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian.
As an Engineer. He planned street
layouts. He provided the town
with water system. He also
provided the town with lightning
system.
As an Inventor. Rizal’s travel from
one place to another in Europe
had come to its fruition when he
was able to witness the Skills Of
the people. One of which was the
making of bricks in which he
himself was motivated to invent a
wooden machine for making
bricks. He also introduced the
hemp stripping machine to
improve abaca industry so that
there would be an increase of
production of the abaca planters.
As a Businessman. The Chinese
merchants dominated the
domestic trade in Dapitan. To
avoid the monopoly, he organized
the Cooperative Association of
Dapitan Farmers. The purpose of
which was to improve farm
products, obtain better outlet for
them, collect funds for their
purchase, and help the producers
and workers by establishing a
store wherein they can buy prime
commodities at moderate prices
(NHI, 2007). He also partnered
with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan
merchant and they ventured into
hemp and copra trade, lime
industry and fishing business.
As a Teacher. Despite of RizaL’s
unsuccessful plans of establishing
a school in Hong Kong and in
Calamba, he finally had it in
Dapitan. He had sixteen selected
boys who lived in his estate as
internos (interns) and charged no
tuition fees. Instead, the boys
helped him in his clinic and
worked in his farm. He taught
them academic and vocational
training to integrate their
education toward home and
community development.
Academically, he taught the boys
the basic rudiments: reading,
writing and arithmetic; languages
(Spanish and English); geography
and good manners and right
conduct. The lessons were
supplemented through fieldtrips in
the mountains, caves, and
seashores. To balance it, he also
taught them boxing, gymnastics,
swimming, wrestling and arnis.
Practically, he made their learning
functional through relating the
boys activities to the actual
situations in Dapitan. He made
them construct a dam serving as
water depository during dry
seasons. More so, he taught the
boys to earn their living from their
labor and skill.
As a Geographer. When his former
teacher, Fr. Francisco de Paula
Sanchez visited the place, they
reconstructed the town plaza and
made a big relief map of
Mindanao in front of the church.
Rizal used it also as a motivating
tool in the teaching of geography
to his pupils in which through its
aid, he discussed with the
townspeople and visitors the
position of Dapitan and its relation
to the rest of Mindanao.
As a Scientist. He collected
numerous species of birds, insects,
butterflies, shells, snakes, and
plants which he sent to the
Anthropological and
Ethnographical Museum of
Dresden for identification. He had
a collection of conchology in the
Philippines during the time. There
were rare specimens of animals
which earned him high praises
from European scientists who
named them in his honor. They
are the Draco rizali, a small lizard
popularly known as flying dragon;
Apogania rizali, rare kind of beetle;
Rhacophorous rizali, a peculiar
frog species and Sphatolmes rizali,
a fungus beetle.
As an Artist. He made sketches of
persons and species of animals
collected; he helps the Sisters of
Charity in painting and designing
their chapel; and molded busts of
people and statues. He wrote
poems about the ordinariness of
life in Dapitan, a love poem for
Josephine and a manuscript
entitled Estudios Sobre la Lengua
Tagala (Studies on the Tagalog
Language). He also has a long
debate through letter with his
mentor, Fr. Pablo Pastells about
religious views and opinions. More
so, Dr. Pio Valenzuela went to visit
him for consultation regarding
their planned revolt against the
Spaniards.
C. RIZAL’S FINITUDENESS
July 31,1896- Rizal left Dapitan
September 2, 1896- the Katipunan
headed by Andres Bonifacio
attacked San Juan
October 3-6, 1896- he was shipped
backed to Manila boarded with
the warship full of soldiers and
officers
November 3, 1896- arrived in
Manila and he was transferred to
For Santiago In his Datos Para Mi
Defensa (Data for my Defense) he
responded to the following
charges: rebellion, institution of La
Liga and masonry.
Regarding rebellion, he had the
following claims:
1. He advised Pio Valenzuela how
absurd the movement (Katipunan)
was, and he had always been
opposed to rebellion.
2. He was offered help, but he
refused because if he really did
something against anybody or
anything else, he had to prove his
innocence.
3. He could not serve as a leader
for he was not consulted at all and
if they made use of his name, it
was used to do what they please.
4. He had no correspondence with
them (Katipunan) and if so then
the letter would fall into the hands
of the government.
With regards to the institution of
La Liga, he defended that:
1. He wrote the statutes of the
organization for unity, mutual
protection, development of
education, defense against
violence and injustices, agriculture
and commerce and
implementation of reforms.
2. He clarified what he meant on
the phrase to have liberties (to be
free) and to have independence
(to be separated).
3. He did not revive or reorganized
it and whoever does he does not
know who and what changes they
had made.
4. He did not convoke the
members who met at the house of
Mr. Ongjungco.
With regards to masonry, he had
the following claims:
1. He did not introduce Masonry in
the Philippines.
2. He gave up writing and taking
part of La Solidaridad and
Masonry.
3. He founded associations in
which its common objectives were
to moralize the Filipinos and the
political side was never under his
direction.
4. He admitted that he wrote
Himno a Talisay (Hymn to Talisay)
where in the verse that they will
know how to protect their
families, but he referred it to the
numerous incursions of the Moros
who went to Dapitan. Since his
case was prejudged, the presiding
officer considered the trial over
and after short deliberation of his
case, the military court gave him
the verdict — death. Governor
General Camilo G, de polavieja
approved the court’s decision.
Rizal was ordered to be shot in the
morning of December 30, 1896, at
Bagumbayan (now Luneta). His
last days were spent with his
family and friends. He wrote
letters as well as his last poem
(originally untitled), Mi Ultimo
Adios (My Last Farewell) hidden in
a lamparilla (lamp or others
contest, an alcohol cooking stove).
As he marched going to his death
place, he described how beautiful
the day was and made some
reminiscence of his school. When
they reach Bagumbayan, he made
his last request, that is, to be shot
facing the firing squad but was
denied. As the captain prepare his
men to fire, he shouted his last
words, consummatum est (it is
finished) and tried to maneuver
right as bullets penetrated his
body portraying that he was never
been a traitor to Mother Spain and
to its colony, the Philippines.
MODULE 9
RIZAL AND HIS PHILOSOPHICAL
IDEAS
Trivia:
We…fight so that there may be
more justice and more liberty, and
for the sacred rights of man. We
ask nothing for ourselves, we
sacrifice everything for the
common good, what more do we
need to fear? - Rizal’s letter to
M.H. del Pilar, Paris, June 22,1889
RIZAL AND HIS PHILOSOPHICAL
IDEOLOGIES
Having been influenced by the
philosophy of the Enlightenment
while in Europe, Rizal applied its
principles of liberalism,
rationalism, and deism in his
writings. He used it to evaluate, to
criticize and to present needed
reforms in the administration of
the socio-political, educational,
and religious conditions of his
country. These were his means to
reveal his true mission- the
thriving of national identity of the
Filipinos.
A. RIZAL’S SOCIO-POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY
Rizal’s Critique on Socio- Political
Conditions
 Remained to be medievalistic
Rizal Socio-Political Reforms
 Agricultural advancement
 Native’s right to govern
 Re-establish the freedom or
representation and freedom
of the press
 Material progress
 Government must be a
people’s government
B. RIZAL’S EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY
Rizal’s Critique on Education
 Schools were church- related
 There was no school building
 Limited curriculum
 Teachers had no prestige
 Education of the children was
not encouraged
Rizal’s Educational Reforms
 Promotion of primary
instruction
 Establishment of schools of
arts and crafts
 Update curriculum
 Teachers must be trained
 Freedom of the mind
IN HIGHER EDUCATION
 Division of School
 Classroom and Laboratory
Problems
 The Curriculum was Limited to
Rote Learning
 Professors are Insulting
STUDENTS DAILY PROGRAM AS
PROPOSED BY RIZAL
6:00-6:15 Swedish gymnastics
6:15-6:30 Study period
8:00-10:00 Classes. On Sunday,
religious duties
10:00-10:30 Light buffet lunch
10:30-11:00 Recreation,
swimming, fencing, on
alternate or combined days
11:00-12:00 Study
12:00-12:45 Luncheon
12:45-1:45 Recreation, music, and
drawing
1:45-3:00 Study
3:00-5:00 Classes (on holidays
stroll till 6:15)
5:00-5:15 Tea
5:15-5:45 Gymnastics and sports
5:45-6:45 Recreation
6:45-8:00 Study
8:00-8:30 Dinner
8:30-9:30 Recreation in the parlor,
social intercourse, dancing,
and music
9:30-5:30 Sleep
C. RIZAL’S PHILOSOPHY OF
RELIGION
Rizal’s Critique on Religion
 Abusive, fanatic, and
scandalous behavior of
preachers
 Friars contradict their religious
vows
 The friars interpreted the
decrees according to their
own free will and to their
advantage
 Lack of spiritual leadership
 Religiosity of the people is to
their advantage
Rizal’s Religious Reforms
 Follow the teaching of Christ
 Faith must be accompanied by
reasons
 Preachers and followers must
observe the doctrine
 The philosophy of Deism