Professional Documents
Culture Documents
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
C1
Budget Process
Defines goals and objectives Communicates plans and instructions Promotes analysis and a focus on the future
Advantages
Coordinates business activities
Motivates employees
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Provides a basis for evaluating performance against past or expected results The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
C2
Budget Committee
Consists of managers from all departments of the organization.
Provides central guidance to insure that individual budgets submitted from all departments are realistic and coordinated.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
C2
Budget Committee
Top Management
Middle Management
Middle Management
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
C2
Budget Timing
Operating Budget
2007
2008
2009
2010
The annual operating budget may be divided into quarterly or monthly budgets.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
C2
Budget Timing
Continuous or Rolling Budget
2005
2006
2007
2008
The budget may be a twelve-month budget that rolls forward one month as the current month is completed.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
C3
P1
Sales Budget
Sales Budget
Estimated Unit Sales Estimated Unit Price
+
Forecasts of customer needs from marketing personnel
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
P1
Sales Budget
In September 2008, Hockey Den sold 700 hockey sticks at $100 each. Hockey Den prepared the following sales budget for the next four months:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P1
Sales Budget
HOCKEY DEN Monthly Sales Budget October 2008 January 2009 Budgeted Unit Sales 700
Exh. 23-6
September 2008 (actual) October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 Total January 2009
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Budgeted Budgeted Unit Price Total Sales $ 100 $ 70,000 100 $ 100 100 100 $ 100 $ 100,000 80,000 140,000 320,000 90,000
P1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P1
Exh. 23-7
Inventory to be purchased
Hockey Den buys hockey sticks for $60.00 each and maintains an ending inventory equal to 90 percent of the next months budgeted sales. 900 hockey sticks are on hand on September 30.
Lets prepare the purchases budget for Hockey Den.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
P1
Exh. 23-8
Next month's unit sales Ending inventory percentage Budgeted ending inventory units Add current month's unit sales Total units needed Deduct beginning inventory units Number of units to be purchased Budgeted cost per unit Budgeted cost of purchases
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P1
Exh. 23-8
Next month's unit sales Ending inventory percentage Budgeted ending inventory units Add current month's unit sales Total units needed Deduct beginning inventory units Number of units to be purchased Budgeted cost per unit Budgeted cost of purchases
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P1
Exh. 23-8
Next month's unit sales Ending inventory percentage Budgeted ending inventory units Add current month's unit sales Total units needed Deduct beginning inventory units Number of units to be purchased Budgeted cost per unit Budgeted cost of purchases
P1
Exh. 23-8
Next month's unit sales Ending inventory percentage Budgeted ending inventory units Add current month's unit sales Total units needed Deduct beginning inventory units Number of units to be purchased Budgeted cost per unit Budgeted cost of purchases
P1
Hockey Den pays sales commissions equal to 10 percent of total sales. Hockey Den pays a monthly salary of $2,000 to its sales manager.
P1
Exh. 23-9
P1
General and administrative salaries are $4,500 per month. Depreciation of equipment is $1,500 per month.
Lets prepare the general and administrative expense budget for Hockey Den.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
P1
Exh. 23-10
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P1
Hockey Den does not anticipate disposal of any plant assets through December 2008, but they plan to acquire additional equipment for $25,000 cash in Decmber 2008. Since this is the only budgeted capital expenditure for the quarter, no separate budget is shown
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
Financial Budgets
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
Forty percent of Hockey Dens sales are for cash. The remaining sixty percent are credit sales that are collected in full in the month following sale.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
P2
Exh. 23-12
December $ 140,000
P2
Exh. 23-12
60% of sales
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
40% of sales
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
P2
Exh. 23-12
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
Hockey Dens purchases of merchandise are entirely on account. Full payment is made in the month following purchase. The September 30 balance of Accounts Payable is $58,200.
P2
Exh. 23-13
P2
Cash Budget
Hockey Den:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
Cash Budget
Hockey Den:
Pays interest equal to one percent of the prior months ending loan balance.
Repays loans when the ending cash balance exceeds $20,000. Owes $10,000 on this loan arrangement on September 30. Has 40 percent income tax rate. Will pay taxes for current quarter next year.
Lets prepare the cash budget for Hockey Den.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise Sales commissions Sales salaries Administrative salaries Income taxes From Dividends Interest Equipment purchase Total disbursements Preliminary balance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
November 92,000
December 104,000
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers 92,000 104,000 Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise $ 58,200 $ 49,200 $ 80,400 Sales commissions Sales salaries Administrative salaries Income taxes From Cash Disbursements Dividends for Purchases Interest Equipment purchase Total disbursements Preliminary balance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
November
December
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers 92,000 Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise $ 58,200 $ 49,200 Sales commissions 10,000 8,000 Sales salaries 2,000 2,000 Administrative salaries Income taxes Dividends From Selling Expense Interest Equipment purchase Total disbursements Preliminary balance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
November
December 104,000
Budget
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers 92,000 104,000 Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise $ 58,200 $ 49,200 $ 80,400 Sales commissions 10,000 8,000 14,000 Sales salaries 2,000 2,000 2,000 Administrative salaries 4,500 4,500 4,500 Income taxes Dividends From General and Interest Administrative Expense Budget Equipment purchase Depreciation is a Total disbursements Preliminary balance non-cash expense.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
November
December
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Because Hockey Den Receipts from customers 92,000 104,000 maintains a minimum Total cash available cash balance of $20,000, Disbursements Payments for merchandise $ 58,200 the 49,200 $ company must $ 80,400 Sales commissions 10,000 8,000 14,000 borrow $12,800. Sales salaries 2,000 2,000 2,000 Administrative salaries 4,500 4,500 4,500 Income taxes 20,000 Dividends .01 $10,000 Interest 100 Equipment purchase Total disbursements $ 94,800 Preliminary balance $ 7,200
McGraw-Hill/Irwin The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
November
December
P2
Exh. 23-11
December
Preliminary balance Additional borrowing Loan repayment Ending cash balance Ending loan balance
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise $ Sales commissions Sales salaries Administrative salaries Income taxes .01 $22,800 Dividends Interest Equipment purchase Total disbursements $ Preliminary balance $
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
October $ 20,000 82,000 $ 102,000 58,200 10,000 2,000 4,500 20,000 100 94,800 7,200
November $ 20,000 92,000 $ 112,000 $ 49,200 8,000 2,000 4,500 3,000 228 $ 66,928 $ 45,072
December 104,000
P2
Exh. 23-11
December
Preliminary balance Additional borrowing Loan repayment Ending cash balance Ending loan balance
Exh. 23-11
P2
HOCKEY DEN Cash Budget October 2008 - December 2008 Beginning cash balance Receipts from customers Total cash available Disbursements Payments for merchandise Sales commissions Sales salaries Administrative salaries Income taxes Dividends Interest Equipment purchase Total disbursements Preliminary balance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
October $ 20,000 82,000 $ 102,000 $ 58,200 10,000 2,000 4,500 20,000 100 $ 94,800 $ 7,200
November $ 20,000 92,000 $ 112,000 $ 49,200 8,000 2,000 4,500 3,000 228 $ 66,928 $ 45,072
P2
Exh. 23-11
Preliminary balance Additional borrowing Loan repayment Ending cash balance Ending loan balance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
P2
Exh. 23-14
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
Exh. 23-14
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exh. 23-14
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended December 31, 2008 Sales (3,200 units @ $100) Cost of goods sold (3,200 units @ $60) Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales commissions $ 32,000 Sales salaries 6,000 Administrative salaries 13,500 Equipment depreciation 4,500 Interest expense 328 Net income before taxes From the Selling Income tax expense Expense Budget Net income
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exh. 23-14
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended December 31, 2008 Sales (3,200 units @ $100) Cost of goods sold (3,200 units @ $60) Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales commissions $ 32,000 Sales salaries 6,000 Administrative salaries 13,500 Equipment depreciation 4,500 Interest expense 328 Net income before taxes From the General and Administrative Income tax expense Expense Budget Net incomeDepreciation is a non-cash expense.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exh. 23-14
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended December 31, 2008 Sales (3,200 units @ $100) Cost of goods sold (3,200 units @ $60) Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales commissions $ 32,000 Sales salaries 6,000 Administrative salaries 13,500 Equipment depreciation 4,500 Interest expense 328 Net income before taxes Income tax expense From the Cash Budget Net income
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Exh. 23-14
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended December 31, 2008 Sales (3,200 units @ $100) Cost of goods sold (3,200 units @ $60) Gross profit Operating expenses: Sales commissions $ 32,000 Sales salaries 6,000 Administrative salaries 13,500 Equipment depreciation 4,500 Interest expense 328 Net income before taxes Income tax expense $71,672 .40 Net income
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
P2
Equipment $200,000 Accumulated depreciation $ 36,000 Common stock $150,000 Retained prepare the budgeted balance 41,800 $ Lets earnings
sheet for Hockey Den.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 20,000 84,000 48,600 $ 225,000 40,500 184,500 $337,100
Exh. 23-15
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash From the Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets
Exh. 23-15
Budget
$ 225,000 40,500
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets
Exh. 23-15
$ 225,000 40,500
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
From the Merchandise Purchases Budget Assets 810 units @ $60 Cash
Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 225,000 40,500
Exh. 23-15
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
$200,000 September 30 balance plus the Assets $25,000 December acquisition Cash
Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 225,000 40,500
Exh. 23-15
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
$36,000 September 30 balance plus the Assets $4,500 from the General and Cash Administrative Accounts receivable Expense Budget
Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 225,000 40,500
Exh. 23-15
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment From the Merchandise Less accumulated depreciation Purchases Budget Total assets $ 20,000 84,000 48,600 $ 225,000 40,500 184,500 $337,100
Exh. 23-15
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation From the Budgeted Total assets $ 20,000 84,000 48,600 $ 225,000 40,500 184,500 $337,100
Exh. 23-15
Income Statement
Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Income taxes payable Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 20,000 84,000 48,600 $ 225,000 40,500 184,500 $337,100
Exh. 23-15
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
P2
HOCKEY DEN Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Less accumulated depreciation Total assets $ 20,000 84,000 48,600 $ 225,000 40,500 184,500 $337,100
Exh. 23-15
Beginning retained earnings $ 41,800 Liabilities and Equity Add net income 43,003 Liabilities Deduct dividends Accounts payable $ 57,000 (3,000) Ending retained $ Income taxes payable earnings 28,669 81,803
Bank loan payable Stockholders' equity Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$105,297
231,803 $337,100
A1
Activity-Based Budgeting
Exh. 23-16
Activity-based budgeting is based on activities rather than traditional items such as salaries, supplies, depreciation, and utilities.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
End of Chapter 23
McGraw-Hill/Irwin