MAIL SERVER

A mail server is an application that permit you to send messages from an

user to any other user regardless of the net where the users are. The mail
server also is named MTA (mail transport agent), it transports the mail to
the MTA of destination using SMTP (Simple Message Trasfer Protocol).

Then MTA receives the mail and sends it to a mail deliver agent (MDA)
which puts the e-mail in storage while the user accepts the mail.

POP3 is a mail local client to get emails stored in a remote server to our
server.
IMAP is an access protocol to stored messages in a server. You can
access to your mail with imap from a anywhere.

The message is genereted in the client side by the MUA application, the
MUA sends the message to its local MTA, the local MTA searches its
registers, if the destination is registered, it sends the message immediately
to its MDA, which stores the message until the user access it using POP3
or IMAP protocols. For this reason the mail server is named pop server or
imap server, according the used protocol.

The mail server uses ldap for user authentication and stored information
in it, also implements ssl /tls for traffic encryption to provide secure pages
for the users.

The server uses anti-spam system to detect and delete all the mails that
the user doesn't want and also uses an anti-virus system to find bad
programs.

Security

There aren`t any security server 100% secure one form to secure the net
against electronic attacks from out is to separate the net of other nets
and systems.
The security servers have an adequate level of security to connect the
net with other nets. a solid secure server has a limited value if there are
weak points in the net, for this reason it is necessary use security in all the
components of the net and to plan a security policy that takes into
account the risks of each component.
The principal features for the mail server

1 set and apply the adequate level to guarantee email servers install a
firewall to avoid access non authorized in the net use security protocol
ip version 6 to avoid the mail traffic don't connect the mail server to
Internet if there is no a firewall configured

2 set and apply the authentication method pop3 standard

authentication service of users send authentication information to mail
server in plain text, so the password to connect the mail server and client
is encrypted, this avoids access denied.

WEB APLICATION

The users can access to a web application thanks to a web server on

Internet. A web server is a software that reply web pages when an user is
using a browser. A user generate a request when the user clicks in a link
or write a URL in a browser.

Previously, users can not interact with information found by browsers

because the pages were static or just simple documents in html. A static
web page doesn't change when you request it , the web server sends
the page to a web browser without editing allowed.

the building of html documents had change from the first wrote page in
html stored in a folder in the web server to dynamic pages. the dynamic
pages ere edited before submit the page to the client browser

How does a web application really work?

when a web browser receives a request to show a static web page, the
server only sends the page to the client browser . when a web browser
sends a request looking for a dynamic web page to a server, the server
find the page and send it to the application server which passes the
page to the browser changing it according to the user actions.
How does the web application access the database?

An application server can not access the database because the format
doesn't let decrypt data. the application server only can connect with
the database thanks to controller that work between the database. this
software works as an interpreter between application server and
database the controller sets connections with the database and builds a
series of registers.

This series of registers are sets of data extracted from a database , it is

returned to the application server , it uses the data to complete the
page an application server let to work with resources of the sever , like
database , for example , a dynamic page can indicate to application
server to extract data from a database and insert it in code html of the
page the instruction to extract data from a database is named
database query, a query requires a search expressed in a database
language called SQL (structured query language) the sql query is written
in scrips or tags in the server that has the page.

We can use practically any database with web application as long as

the database controller is installed right in the server , if we want to
develop applications for Enterprise client ,we can use a database
based on servers as SQL server, oracle or MYSQL.

if the database is located in a web server we must secure a connection

available and fast between systems for looking a web application run
fast and efficiently advantages of web applications

You can access from anywhere, we only need connection and a web
browser if you open source tools , you don't pay to use the operative
system Linux , Apache web server ,the php language or mysql database
engine, it is not necessary to pay for tools used by users easy
authentication .just make changes to the server online
it is an multi platform application ,so , the user can use the program using
windows Macintosh or other system, the most necessary is a web
browser.
 SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol, developed in august of 1988 by

case, MCcloghric, rose and waldbusser, as a solution to the problem of
communication of different networks. It gives the capacity to audit and
communicate status communication among huge verify of hosts. It is
useful on large networks and where demands the vitality of the network.
SNMP is as protocol of application layer that belongs to the TCP/IP family
and it serves for managing of data, It’s based on packages, UDP, it
means, it’s connectionless defining a server-client connection between
the networks manager (client) and the managed elements (servers,
active devices) called agents.

SNMP COMPONENTS:

Agents: Called the “clients” It means, are the equipments or devices,

that make part of the network and when are monitored (Work station,
routers, switches).

NMS: Network Management Station, It’s the device where it’s located
the monitoring software, meaning the “Server” that allows us the
monitoring of the network and where stores all collected information.

MIB`s: Management Information Base, It’s the logical database that the
NMS and networks device (Agents), keep, where we found the
information of the components of each of these devices. This database
hierarchy structured and contains the OID (Object Identify)

There are 2 MIB versions, which are:

MIB1: Contains 8 levels that correspond to 8 different types of objects

and can be detailed on network:

System (Operating system Information, this level is optional)

Interfaces (Show as the devices are connected to network, this level is
obligatory when the SNMP version2 is used; and it’s optional on version3)
Address Translation (Maps the networks address to the physical
addresses)
Internet Protocol (IP) (Packages controller, obligatory)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), (Types of used massage,
obligatory)
Transport Control Protocol (TCP), (Open connections, obligatory on TCP
connections)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), (Closed connections, obligatory on UDP
connections)
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), (Used to exchange routing information
among autonomal systems)

MIB2: Contains the same 8 before levels (ENHANCED): but with 3 new
levels which are: TRANSMITION, SNMP, CMOT.

The rules describe the MIB objects are implement by SMI that uses the
ASN.1, It is the descriptive language, the objects, description are
composed by the next components: description of the objects, syntax,
definition, status.
The SNMP uses two types of massages, the pooling whose objective is
asking and answering , this effect to performance of the networks and it
works by the 161 port and the method of interruption (Traps) This only
handles the message of error or the network alarms , it works on 162 port.