WIRELESS NETWORKS:

EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G
By Mr. Sanjay N Makwana Exam No. 5010

Under the guidance of Prof. K.R.Parmar

OUTLINE

1. Cellular System Concept 2. First Generation Analog Wireless Cellular System 3. 2G Digital Wireless System 4. 2.5G Wireless Mobile Technology 5. Third Generation System 6. ITU IMT-2000 Family of 3G 7. UTRA FDD 8. UTRA TDD 9. CDMA-2000-MC 10. UWC-136 11. UMTS Architecture 12. Core Issues 13. 4G Wireless Technology 14. Conclusion

CELLULAR SYSTEM CONCEPT

First Generation Analog Wireless Cellular System

Transmit only analog voice information Use FDMA Access Technology which uses 30 KHz channels of spectrum each carrying one Telephone ckt. Types of Analog Cellular System :

1. AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service) : -First introduced in U.S. - 30 KHz radio channel,824MHz to 849 MHz Uplink freq. and 869 to 894 MHz downlink, Provide 832 channels
2. TACS (Totol Access Communication System): - First Introduced in U.K. in 1985,Use 25 KHz radio channel - 890 to 915 MHz uplink and 869 to 894 MHz downlink freq.

3. NMT ( Nordic Mobile Telephone) : - Developed by telecommunication administrations of Nordic countries - NMT-450 use lower frequency(450 MHz) and high Transmitting power - NMT-900 use higher frequency and low transmitting power - Radio channel is of 25 KHz 4. NAMPS ( Narrowband AMPS ) : - Introduced by Motorola in 1991 - Use 10 KHz BW for radio channel

5. JMCS ( Japanese mobile Cellular System ) : - First Launched by Japan in 197 - MCS-L1 operate in 800 MHz band, Channel BW 25 KHz -MCS-L2 operate in 800 MHz band and channel BW is 12.5 KHz 6. CNET - First started in Germany in 1985 - operate at 450 MHz and channel BW is 20 KHz 7. MATS-E - Combined many of the features used in different cellular system - Used in France and Kuwait

2G Digital Wireless System

It use digital radio signals 1G and 2G both use digital signaling to connect radio tower to rest of telephone system Main 2G technologies are TDMA,CDMA and GSM GSM utilizes wider band(200 KHz) carrier frequencies and each support 8 time slots

Advantages : 1. Due to digital error checking, sound quality is increased 2. Allowed digital data services like SMS and email 3. Digital system emit less power so more cells could be placed in same amount of space

Disadvantages : 1. Weaker digital signal will not reach a cell tower in less populous area 2. Under worse condition digital has occasional dropout

2.5G Wireless Mobile Technology

It enable high speed data transfer over upgraded existing 2G network by sending data as packets at very fast speed 2.5G use two technology 1. GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service ): - It is packet linked technology that enable highspeed wireless internet - Implemented by adding new packet data nodes and upgrading existing node to provide routing path for packet data between mobile and gateway node

2. EDGE ( Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution ): - Uses same TDMA frame structure and 200 KHz carrier bandwidth as todays GSM networks using high level modulation - Quaternary- Offset QAM has been proposed because It provide higher data rates and good spectral efficiency

Third Generation System

ITU has defined the demands for third generation mobile network with IMT-2000 standard. System that fulfils IMT-2000 standard is UMTS 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone network evolved to incorporate high speed internet access 3G uses 0.5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver higher data rates and increased capacity

3G cellular services known as UMTS or IMT2000 has following main characteristics - A single family of compatible standard that can be used worldwide - Support for both packet-switched and circuit switched data transmission - Data rates up to 2 Mbps ( In stationary mode) - High spectrum efficiency

Services and Speed

ITU IMT-2000 family of 3G

UTRA FDD

UTRA TDD

CDMA-2000-MC

UWC-136

UMTS Architecture

Core issues

Expensive input fee for service licenses Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for new 3G service Lack of coverage because it is still a new service Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators

4G Wireless Technology

This technology is expected to be available by 2010 4G being developed with following objectives - Speeds up to 50 times higher than 3G - To accomplish multi-service capacity integrating all the mobile technologies that exist - This network must be available to users ant time, anywhere - Low bit cost is essential where high volume of data are transmitted To be able to use 4G mobile networks, mobile terminal must be able to choose from available wireless networks the one to use with specific service Terminal mobility is key factor to the success of 4G network

CONCLUSION

The explosive growth of mobile wireless usage and ever increasing need for highspeed data services accelerated the need for the deployment of 3G technologies

References

Mischa Schwartz, Mobile Wireless Communication Cambridge Press Publication Dr. Ingwolfgang Granzow, Lecture on 3rd Generation Mobile communication System (year 2000) Josue Valencia, Paper on 3G Wireless Technologies (year 2000) Ben Patterson, Paper on 3G Cell Phone Services (year 2008) http://en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1G http://en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2G http://en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G http://en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4G

Thanks