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Contemporary British Culture and Society

Chapter 7 HOLIDAYS & TOURISM October, 2005 Xiao Huiyun

Abstract
In Chapter Seven we continue to look at the variety of ways in which people in Britain today spend their leisure time. We especially look at excursions away from home for a short or longer break. But we first look at the transport infrastructure of Great Britain a network of airports, railway lines, motorways and other roads, which, together, connect up the even remotest parts of the country and help to make travel in Britain efficient, comfortable and affordable. We then examine holidays taken within Britain. There are a variety of things to do: for example, the seaside, areas of natural beauty and historical sites for long holidays or weekend breaks or day trips.

Abstract
We also examine holidays made by British people abroad. We look at the travellers selection of destination and their expectations from holidays abroad. In the second part of the chapter, we shift our attention to the business of tourism and tourist organizations. We consider the impact of travel agents and other organisations on tourism. The chapter ends with a personal account of a university student on how she managed to make a trip through Europe.

Focal Points
All focal questions handouts Conditions for travel excursions for a short or longer break holidays taken within Britain landscape & heritage, national parks, National Trust, English heritage Holidays outside Britain Organization of tourism industry Why travel?

 The world is like a book; and those who have not traveled have read only the first page." - St. Augustine

A 1 Introduction
Conditions for travel British people who work full time have 4-5 weeks paid holiday Shorter working week Good travel conditions Means of transportation Discounts for coach & rail travel p118 SB

A 2 Day Trips & Weekend Breaks

The seaside Black Pool Bingo halls. Amusement arcades, hotels, discos & restaurants, especially fish & chips Theme parks

A2

Day Trips & Weekend breaks

Roman Theme Park, Chester

Chester Cathedral

A 2 Day trips & Weekend Breaks

Blackpool Tower Blackpool Illumination

Blackpool

Blackpool

A 2 Day Trips & Weekend Breaks

Woodhall & Lincoln George Hotel, High Street, Lincoln

A 2 Day Trips & Weekend Breaks

Woodhall Spa, 5th green Woodhall Spa, 3rd hole

A 2 Day Trips & Weekend Breaks

The Golf Hotel Lincoln Castle

A 2 Day Trips & Weekend Break

Lincoln Castle Lincoln Cathedral

A 3 Holidays at Home
Where do the British like to go? The seaside Historical and cultural sites e.g. Shakespeares birth place, castles, cathedrals, etc. The City of London The square mile Accommodation Bed & Breakfast, camp sites, youth hostels, hotels

Victoria Station

The City of London

St. James Park

The City of London

Greater London Authority Headquarters

Hyde Park Corner

City of London
Bank of England

The City of London

The Bank of England

The City of London

Piccadilly Circus

St. Pauls Cathedral

The City of London

Westminster Abby

The Millenium Bridge

The City of London

Trafalgar Square, London Harrods London

Shakespeare
Shakespeares birth place (23 April
1564)

The old grammar school he attended

Shakespeare
Schoolroom in which he studied The curriculum was mainly based on Latin, studying such authors as Virgil and Ovid. The curriculum would also have included some Greek, probably Homer. Today this building is part of the King Edward VI Grammar School

Shakespeare
Here is the desk where Shakespeare's teacher sat. This teacher passed on his own love of Ovid, Virgil and Homer to young William, and thereby laid the foundation for Shakespeare's great work

Shakespeare
This is the spot where he lies. Shakespeare died in Stratford on 23 April 1616, and now lies in Holy Trinity Church Stratford. "O, such another sleep, that I might see But such another man,.. As this I dream'd of".

ROYAL LEAMINGTON SPA TOWN VIEWS

Coventry

Warwick Castle

Bath
Roman baths in Bath Cathedral, Bath

Stonehenge

A3 Holidays at Home
Landscape & Heritage -- tourist attraction Varied beauty of landscape in a compact geographical area Long history visible in well preserved buildings(450,000) monuments and National parks The National Trust 1895 -- largest landowners, functions & contributions Biodiversity Action Plan -- for further conservation of plants & wildlife

 British Definition of a National Park An extensive area of beautiful & relatively wild country in which, for the nations benefit and by appropriate national decision and action (I.e. government policy) the characteristic landscape beauty is strictly preserved, access and facilities for public open-air enjoyment are amply provided, wildlife and buildings and places of architectural and historic interest are suitably protected, while established farming use is effectively maintained. (National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949)

NATIONAL PARKS

NATIONAL PARKS: International Definition

A relatively large area,(1) where one or several ecosystems are not materially altered by human use and settlement; (2) where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational & recreactive interest or which contains a natural landscape of great beauty; (3) where the government of the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate, as soon, as possible, use or settlement in the whole area and to enforce the respect of ecological, geomorphological aesthetic features, which have led to its establishment; (4) where visitors are allowed to enter under special conditions. (United Nations,1977)

UK - Cotswolds
From Stratford to Bath and Oxford The Cotswolds stretch from Stratford upon Avon in the north to Bath in the south. From Gloucester in the west to Oxford in the east, the rolling hills are full of story book English villages. And we have added Shakespeare at Stratford upon Avon, the dreaming spires and colleges at Oxford and the Georgian city of Bath.

UK - Cotswolds
Anyone in search of the true English Countryside need look no further than the Cotswolds, considered by many to be amongst the most beautiful areas in England. Two things above all give the Cotswolds their special warmth and richness; the soft natural limestone and the wealth of the wool trade in days gone by which has left a heritage of superb buildings.

THE COTSWOLDS
The cars parked along the street today don't do anything to enhance the appearance of the town

THE COTSWOLDS
Heart of England
Upper Slaughter Lower Slaughter

The Cotswolds
Oxford

A 3 Holidays at Home
Village, Cotswolds, south-west England

A 3 Holidays at Home
Isle of Avalon Village

A 3 Holidays at Home
North Yorkshire Dales, England

A 3 Holidays at Home
Lake District

Lake District
Crummock Water from Rannerdale Knotts Aira Force

'Rydal - Rydal Hall Gardens Lake district

Rydal Hall The gardens

Daffodils

The Lake District

Daffodils William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in a sprightly dance

The Lake District

The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils

William Wordsworth
1770 -- 1850 Cockermouth Wordsworth House

Wordsworth Memorial
Opposite Wordsworth House is this bronze bust of the poet, unveiled on 7 April 1970, the bicentenary of William's birth, by his great-greatgrandson. As part of the same celebrations, 27000 daffodils were planted on open spaces and approaches to the town.

Hawkshead - Old Grammar School

The old grammar school
The Old Grammar School in Hawkshead was founded in 1585 by the Archbishop of York, Edwin Sandys. The ground floor classroom retains many old desks covered in carving done by the boys, including the poet William Wordsworth and his brother John. Upstairs in the headmaster's study and a classroom containing an exhibition relating to the history of the school, the founder and William Wordsworth

The Wordsworth Museum

Grasmere - Dove Cottage
Here Wordsworth wrote much of his poetry, and his sister Dorothy kept her famous journals In 1802 after her marriage to William, Mary Hutchinson arrived. Their three oldest children were born at Dove Cottage John in 1803, Dora in 1804 and Thomas in 1806. The Wordsworths had many visitors to Dove Cottage - Walter Scott, Thomas De Quincey, Charles and Mary Lamb, Robert Southey and most of all Samuel Taylor Coleridge

William Wordsworth
Rydal Mount, in the heart of the Lake District , commands glorious views of Lake Windermere, Rydal Water and the surrounding fells.

It was the home of William Wordsworth from 1813 to 1850. The house, which now belongs to the descendants of the poet, retains a lived in family atmosphere, and has changed little since Wordsworth and his family came to live here. They rented the house from Lady le Fleming, of nearby Rydal Hall.

William Wordsworth
Wordsworth was a keen landscape gardener, and the four acre garden remains much as he designed it. It consists of rare shrubs, fell-side terraces, lawns, rock pools and an ancient mound. The mound dates from the 9th Century, when it was used as a site for a Beacon Fire to warn of coming Border Raiders. In season the daffodils, bluebells and rhododendrons produce a spectacular display of colour. From the summerhouse is a stunning view over Rydal Water.

William Wordsworth
The Old Kitchen
The Wordsworths at Home family Drama in the garden

William Wordsworth
Rydal - Dora's Field
After his daughter Dora died in 1847, William went down to a small field between the house and the main road, and together with his wife, sister and gardener, planted hundreds of daffodils as a memorial to Dora. Dora's Field now belongs to the National Trust.

William Wordsworth
Rydal - Dora's Field Daffodils

St Oswald's Church
Here he lies with his beloved
William Wordsworth planted eight of the yew trees in the churchyard, and one of them marks the grave of him and his wife Mary. Nearby are buried his sister Dorothy, his children Dora, William, Thomas and Catherine, Mary's sister Sara Hutchinson, and other members of the family. There is also the grave of Hartley Coleridge, eldest son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

William Wordsworth
Tombstones for the Wordsworths St Oswald's Church

A 3 Holidays at Home
Belfast, N. Ireland

Wales

National Parks, Wales

A 3 Holidays at Home
Palace of Holyrood, Edinburgh

A 3 Holidays at Home
Prince Street Garden, Edinburgh

National Park Scotland

The Scottish Highlands

Scottish Highlands

Scottish Highlands
Bluebells of Scotland Scottish Thistles
Flower of Scotland

Heritage of Scotland
Robert Burns was Scotland's greatest poet and many would say that he was the world's greatest ever poet. Burns was born at Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland on 25 January 1759 and died in Dumfries on 21 July 1796. In less than 37 years of life he accomplished more than most people do in a normal lifetime Some of his work, such as Auld Lang Syne is among the most familiar and best-loved songs and poems in the English language

My Love is like a Red, Red Rose

0, my love is like a red, red rose, that's newly sprung in June. 0, my love is like a melody, that's sweetly play'd in tune. As fair thou art, my bonnie lass, so deep in love am I, And I will love thee still, my dear, till a' the seas gang dry.

Scotland

Burns

Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, and the rocks melt wi' the sun! And I will love thee still, my dear, while the sands of life shall run. And fare thee well, my only love! And fare thee well awhile! And I will come again, my love. Tho it were ten thousand mile!

Scotland
BURNS NIGHT It is celebrated on January, 25th, the birthday of Robert Burns In the evening people eat typical Scottish food, such as Haggis (a special kind of sausage in a sheeps stomach) and drink whisky while bagpipes music is played and some of Burns poems are read aloud.

Robert Burns
Burns Cottage Burns Monument

Scotland
Tossing the Cabar, Highland Games,
May -- Sept.

Scottish Castle

Tossing the Cabar

A 4 Holidays Abroad
Popular places abroad Culture -- Vienna, Venice, Florence Athens Scenic beauty and Adventure

Key Causes of Tourism Growth in UK

Develop of transport (in travelling time makes places nearer). Railways, roads and motorways and air transport. More time off work. Paid holidays. Higher disposable income. Wider horizons. More old OAPS. Package Deals.

VisitBritain: Marketing English Tourism

On 1 April 2003 the English Tourism Council is merging with the British Tourist Authority to form VisitBritain, the new organisation that will market England within Britain and Britain to the rest of the world. The creation of VisitBritain follows a review by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, resulting in the decision to combine the resources and strengths of ETC and BTA

Kirkby Stephen , Lake District

Ravenstonedale, Kirkby Stephen 19th Century barn conversion for 4/6

19th Century barn conversion

Situated one mile from the delightful small village of Ravenstonedale, this spacious barn conversion provides excellent accommodation all year round

The Cotswolds
Cottage

The Cotswolds
Cottage

A5

Organization of the Tourism Industry

Package holidays : transport , accommodation, transfer Self-planned holidays Travel agent agents for clients & companies they make booking with The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) Travel Agency of National Union of Students see p124 for more information

A 6 Conclusion
Nowadays, in some Western developed countries, its becoming more and more difficult in everyday life to achieve, let alone maintain, a balance over a long period of time. On the one hand, people are inundated with stimuli in the form of rush, noise and stress. On the other hand, many things are monotonous, unstimulating and one-sided: housing, the environment, the journey to work, work itself, even everyday leisure.

A6 Conclusion
Other key words are uneventfulness, sedentariness, lack of contact and mobility. In this case, it is not an exaggeration to say that everyday life is the sum of negative aspects of existence. Dirt noise work rush school trouble pollution. All this is part of everyday life. Thus, the possibility of leaving, going on a trip, is obviously something very important. To a certain extent, everyday life is bearable in the long run only if there is a chance to get away; otherwise people lose their balance and fall ill. Free time, and above all, travel are there to add some colour to this bare landscape. They are the vehicle for mans restoration his re-creation; they heal body and soul and bring vitality and new meaning to life.

A 6 Conclusion
Travel is recuperation and regeneration. Travel restores bodily and mental strength used up in everyday life, at work, school and in the family. It is a recharging of batteries. Travel is compensation and social integration. Travel compensates us for what we miss in everyday life. What people want is to find a compensation for the one-sided demands of their working life: they want to do and experience something that is different from the everyday routine, they seek diversion from the daily monotony, they long for fun and amusement.

A 6 Conclusion
Travel is escape. The theory sees the modern industrial world as a prison from which its inmates want to break out. Working life being in fact ugly, the environment mostly unpleasant, monotonous and polluted, a compulsive and irrepressible urge to get out of it all emerges. Travel is communication. Establishing contact with people, in contrast to the anonymity and alienation of everyday life, is an important aim of holiday-makers. They want to spend more time with their family and close friends as well as make new friends and acquaintances. All this is much easier during the holidays, since the atmosphere is more casual than at home.

 Travel broadens the mind. Broaden ones horizons, do something for ones culture and education, Experience other countries, see the world, meet local people, or Experience something entirely different, see new thing.

 Travel is freedom and selfdetermination. Freedom is, in the final analysis, the ability to make ones own decisions about a course of action. Travel liberates people from obligations. They can break loose from the must, from the order and regulation which oppress us in everyday life. They can finally do what they want and what they think is right. They can also do nothing. They are free, unrestrained, their own masters.

 Travel is self-realization. Holidays, says this theory, provide an opportunity to confront the self, to test ones soul, to come to terms with oneself, to measure oneself against others and discover ones own abilities. Travel is happiness. In a recent study for tourism, human happiness is described as a harmonious state, trouble and tension-free, combined with a certain degree of self-realization. The probability of experiencing this state of happiness is supposed to be much greater during holidays than in everyday life.