Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF INJURIES
AND
THEIR FACTORY
IN AKAKI TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY
OF PUBLIC HEALTH
BY Elias Senbeto(MD)
March,
1991
ACDlOWLEDGKEN'l'S
their
assistance
they provided
to me.
Or Joyce Pickering
in supporting
write up of the study. All staff of Addis Ababa University Department Project and the Mcill-Ethiopia community Health community support. Health I am
Development of
Center
Community University
Health,
Faculty
Medicine,
Ababa
in collaboration Project.
the McGill-Ethiopia
Community
Health
TABLB OF CONTENTS
i ii iii iv
LI ST OF FIGUR.ES
ABSTRAC'r INTRODUcrION HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AKAKI TEXTILE Working FAC'rORY Environment Services in the of the
v
1
3 Factory Factory 4 5
7
The Health
STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
OroECTIVE
13
H-ypothes is ....
ME'I'H.ODS study study
13
14 14 14
14 17
18 18 37 43
45
e
47
ABSTRACT
A descriptive and case control study was done to observe the incidence of injuries and their determinants in Akaki textile factory. There were a total of 143
accidents during the study period giving an incidence density of 200 per 1000 person years. This is very high
in comparison to developed countries. The most frequent cause of injury was machinery Most (29.4%), of the and hit
(20.3%).
accidents 1000
Weaving
department
(109.2 per
exposed workers).
From our study, we found out that most (35.7%) and on Fridays
(17.5%). The most common time of accidents was from 8am to lOam. The most common parts of the body which were accidents were (13.3%). finger (42%), lower type leg of
affected by
(18.9%), hand
The most
frequent
From the result of our study, 87.4% of workers and were 86.1% not had wearing not personal safety
protective training.
devices
taken
1001 total man days was lost due to 143 More injuries
occurred in those workers who were below the age of 30 years as compared to those above 30 year (p <.05), and more injuries occurred in those workers who were above 6~ grade (p<.05). Recommendations in how to reduce the rate of accidents are made.
occupational health services in the place of employment is based on International Labour Organization No. 112 taking into account (ILO) their
recommendation
resources, as well as special problems relating to those developing countries. The ILO recommendation No.112
recommends essential functions which must be carried out by occupational health emergency services on site such as: out
1.administering medical
treatment,
2.carrying
examinations prescribed by
national
laws or
regulations,
3. exercising surveillance
over hygiene
conditions in the undertaking (1). The occupational health service must play a part in applying the general principles of preventive medicine.
They should be active in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and injuries and should make
efforts to adapt the work to the man and the man to the job. When a developing country is entering a period of rapid industrialization, health service and welfare
conditions must be developed at the same speed as the industrialization. problems may arise. not developed Otherwise many serious health
together
face the health problems relating not only to the general morbidity of the population but also those related to the
new occupation. The developing national health benefit of occupational is seen positive may be health service as on in a
locally impact
as well of
service
locally
observed
morbidity
of occupational
In addition worker
reduction
concerning where
skilled is a
especially of skilled
in countries
there
labour.
When industry is further developed and the country's labour force is gradually more and more engaged on the national at work
in factories,
some activity
These laws generally define minimum standard for the place of employment, often
living of everyone.
An occupational
injury
an objective or sUbjective nature, at both the personal and occupational levels. Most of these consequences may The psychological
have repercussions on the family. impact of injuries cannot be ignored. In developing countries
like
Ethiopia,
the
of occupational health is
are lacking and the magnitude of this problem is not known. In this study, we have tried to identify the
incidence and risk factors associated with Akaki Textile Factory. 143 injuries were found.
injuries in
In the three months follow up, This cases were compared with The total number of
adminstrative staff) during the study period were 3100. After results have been analyzed and interpreted,
Textile Factories in Ethiopia were mainly developed in Ethiopia between 1950 and 1970. Akaki Textile mill
was founded in 1958 as a Joint-venture between Ethiopian and Indian share holders and was called originally the Indo - Ethiopian Textile share company. After the 1974
revolution, the company was nationalised and is now under the control of the National Textiles Corporation of
The plant is the second biggest in the country textile mills of Diredawa. It is situated
From the very beginning this the basic needs of the areas,
satisfy
population with
Ababa,
cheap grey, fabrics. The plant had of the been managed solely quantity by the Indians of
wi th
the
target After
producing revolution
regardless
production
factory are combed yarn for knitwear, income consumer, bleached and dyed
consumptions
(drill, poplin,
Mohammedi),
towels,
and cotton blankets. Working Environment in the Factory corrugated iron with
The roof is made of galvanized a rather thin gauge damaged water access cleaning which has (32 gauge). led to leaks. mills.
overflows
inside
the
is no
which
makes
regular
inspection
of concrete
and invites
sanitarian day
, present
water
of river water
.Out of
The rest runs out on to the ground, forming pools which are likely to be breeding sites for
water,
malaria
transmitting of the
areas
and waste.According
about
drawing
2.
with a thick layer of fine dust. 3. The bad floor conditions the accumulation The Health Services which have contributed to
in the air.
has a
laboratory,
department patient
as well
department.
department
physician,
one health
assistants,
of the
number of workers who had accident In the same year 34,405 Br.
were paid
and 6,107 working days have Accident is one of the top clinic. have no training on
health
personnel
experts
preventi ve,
promotive,
rehabiltative
aspect of health.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
Wagmann DH, 1983, Occupational Health pp. 177 197, Washington D.C.
3.
Puraschotama S. 1975, Accident in Textile Factories Vol. 1. Bombay. p. 6. Preparatory and Spinning Process, India.
4.
Bohtio S.P, 1975, Accident in Textile Factory Finsching Process. Vol. III p. 6. India.Bombay.
5.
Ethiopian Ministry of Industry, 1985, Manpower and Development study. Addis Ababa.
6.
Abera Fulle, 1988, Injuries in Urban Factories of Ketena One, Addis Ababa. Masters Thesis, Addis Ababa University.
7.
Kitaw Demessie, 1988, Occurrence and Determinants of Accident in Assab Port. Ababa University. Masters Thesis, Addis
8.
Womans Bureau Bulletin, 1975, Accident prevention and Safety Training. Washington DC.
9.
Dira Dawa Textile Factory, Survey by Accident Prevention Section, 1988/89. Ministry of Industry.
10.
11.
Muraschetty. Factories.
in Indian Textile
12.
International Prevention,
13.
Gremaldi,
J.V. 1975.
Safety
Management
edition) .Sweden. 14. Larson TJ, 1990, Accident Priorities 15. Annual Information and IPSO.
Stockholm, factory,
report
1989,
of Industry
unpublished
manuscript. 17. Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Health lLO, MOH, Department of
Addis Ababa University (Joint Conference), Occupational 18. Human Health of Health, 19. NIOSH, Surface 20. Health
Community
Education
D.C.
of industrial
21.
Greenberg Washington