Federal Political System

Prepared by Jeevansh Arora

Federalism
S H A R E D

POWERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

POWERS OF STATE GOVERNMENTS

Meaning
Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units (like states or provinces). Federalism is a system in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial (state) governments, creating what is often called a federation. Proponents are often called federalists.

Defining Federalism
What is Federalism?
Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people.

Intergovernmental Relations Definition: The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments.
Unitary Confederate Federal

Central

Holds primary authority Regulates activities of states

Limited powers regarding states

Shares power with the states

State

Little or no powers Regulated by central government

Sovereign Allocate some duties to central government

Shares power with the central government

Citizens

Vote for central government officials

Vote for state government officials

Votes for both state & central officials

 Why is Federalism So Important?

Decentralizes our politics
More opportunities for citizens to participate

Decentralizes our policies

Gives Federal & state the choice of which government should take care of which problem States can solve the same problem in different ways

The Constitutional Basis of U.S. Federalism

The Division of Power is found in: The U.S. Constitution Laws of Congress State Constitutions State Laws

TYPES OF FEDERALISM
Dual federalism Cooperative federalism Creative federalism New federalism

DUAL FEDERALISM
Dual federalism, a legal theory which has prevailed in the United States since 1789, is the belief that the United States consists of two separate and co-sovereign branches of government. This form of government works on the principle that the national and state governments are split into their own spheres, and each is supreme within its respective sphere. Specifically, dual federalism discusses the relationship between the national government and the states' governments. According to this theory, there are certain limits placed on the federal government. These limits are: 1. National government rules by rules only. 2. National government has a limited set of constitutional purposes. 3. Each governmental unitstate and federalis sovereign within its sphere of operations. 4. Relationship between nation and states is best summed up as tension rather than cooperation

COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM
Cooperative federalism emphasized an expanded role for the national government, and cooperation between the national government and the states. This relationship predominated between 1930 and 1960.

IMPLEMENTING COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM

National government- give grants Strings-Attached Federal Grants Types of grants Categorical Grants Block Grants

CREATIVE FEDERALISM
Creative federalism, also known as "picket fence federalism," predominated during the period of 1960 to 1980. This relationship was characterized by overloaded cooperation and crosscutting regulations.

NEW FEDERALISM
New federalism, sometimes referred to as "on your own federalism," is characterized by further devolution of power from national to state governments, deregulation, but also increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates. This period began in 1981 and continues to the present.

ANTI-FEDERALISM
Anti-Federalism is a political philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. In short, Anti-Federalists dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government). A book titled "The Anti-Federalist Papers" is a detailed explanation of American Anti-Federalist thought.

KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM

THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LEVELS OF GOV.T DIFFERENT TIERS OF GOV.T GOVERN THE SAME CITIZEN ,BUT EACH TIER HAS ITS OWN JURISDICTION THE JURISDICTION OF THE RESPECTIVE LEVELS OR TIERS OF GOVERNMENT ARE SPECIFIED IN THE CONSTITUTION NO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE CAN BE MADE IN THE CONSTITUTION WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF ALL LEVELS OF GOV.T AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY PREVENTS CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE CENTER AND THE STATE AND AMONG THE STATE EACH LEVEL OF GOV.T HAS CLEARLY SPECIFIED SOURCE OF REVENUE TO AVOID CONFLICT THE FEDERAL SYSTEM THUS HAS DUAL OBJECTIVES : 1)TO SAFE GUARD AND PROMOTE UNITY OF THE COUNTRY 2)TO ACCOMMODATE REGIONAL DIVERSITY

Understanding Federalism
Advantages for Democracy
Increasing citizen access to government Local problems can be solved locally Hard for political parties / interest groups to dominate ALL politics

Disadvantages for Democracy

States have different levels of service Local interest can counteract national interests Too many levels of governmenttoo much money

Federalism and the Scope of Government

Which level of government is best able to solve the problem? Which level of government is best able to fund solutions to the problem?

The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

States Obligations to Each Other & Federal * Full Faith and Credit * Extradition * Privileges and Immunities (citizens in every state have same rights)

WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY ?

POWERS ARE DIVIDED AS :

UNION LIST STATE LIST CONCURENT LIST

INDIA, A FEDERAL COUNTRY

Union list STATE LIST CUNCURRENT LIST
has 47 subjects education marriage, forest are subjects Laws are made by members of state as well as union list

Has 99 subjects Banking, communication, currency are the subjects Laws made by Members of union list

has 66 subjects Police, trade, commerce are subjects laws are made by members of state list

DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
DECENTRALISATION MEANS THAT SOME POWER IS TAKEN AWAY FROM THE CENTRAL AND STATE GOV.T AND GIVEN TO LOCAL GOV.T

UNION GOV.T

STATE GOV.T

LOCAL GOV.T

LOCAL GOVERNMENT
RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ZILLA PARISHAD
COVERS ENTIRE RURAL DISTRICT GRAM SAMITHIS COVERS ALL GRAM PANCHAYATHS UNDER THEM GRAM PANCHAYATHS COVERS VILLAGES OR GROUP OF VILLAGES

 URBAN LOCAL GOV.T

SMALLER URBAN AREAS

MUNCILAL COUNCIL

MUNCIPAL CORPORATION

LARGER URBAN AREAS