Summiting Everest: How a Photograph Celebrates Teamwork at the Top of the World
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Emma Carlson-Berne
Emma Carlson Berne has written and edited more than two dozen books for young people. She holds a master's degree in composition and rhetoric from Miami University. Emma lives in Cincinnati, Ohio, with her husband and two sons. Visit her online at http://emmacarlsonberne.com/.
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Summiting Everest - Emma Carlson-Berne
Index
Chapter One
OPENING A HIDDEN WORLD
Boots crunched in the snow. Lungs labored to draw breath. Muscles fought against utter exhaustion. Thousands of feet below in the valleys of Nepal, flowers bloomed in the spring sunshine, and leaves waved gently in the afternoon breeze. People went about their placid daily lives in the sun-washed villages.
But for the climbers on Mount Everest, the world was reduced to a few simple elements: snow, ice, rock, wind. Beneath them spread the vast yawning crevasses and sheer rock faces of the Himalayas. Above them rose the summit of Mount Everest. That triangular pyramid, with its familiar plume of condensation whipping from the peak, was only about 1,000 feet (305 meters) away. But no one in recorded history had ever reached it and returned alive. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay wanted to be the first.
Everest was named after George Everest, a surveyor general of India. It is known as Chomolungma in Tibet (mother goddess of the universe) and Sagarmatha in Nepal (goddess of the sky).
Since 8:45 that morning, May 28, 1953, Hillary and Norgay and their support team of Alfred Gregory, George Lowe, and Ang Nyima had been climbing from a high camp on the mountain. Below them, at the lower camps, the rest of the British expedition waited anxiously. They had been on the mountain since April 12. Two team members had failed to reach the summit two days ago. Now another pair’s chance had come.
In 1856 the Great Trigonometrical Survey of British India mapped Mount Everest and found that, at just over 29,000 feet (8,840 m), it was the highest place on Earth. Ever since then, climbers and adventurers had regarded the mountain with wonder and awe. Would it be possible to climb it? Could a person make it all the way to the top and, quite literally, stand on top of the world?
A British expedition trekked to Everest in 1921 to examine the mountain and try to determine a route to the top. Another expedition tried to climb the mountain the next year—and failed. Other expeditions tried and failed in 1924, 1933, 1936, 1938, and 1952. The mountain was proving a formidable opponent.
THE DEADLY SUMMIT ATTEMPT
Before Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, a British team attempted the summit of Everest—and never returned. In 1924 Englishmen George Mallory and Andrew Sandy
Irvine and the rest of the British expedition had been on Everest far longer than they had intended. They were tired and cold. Members of the team had twice tried to reach the top but had been forced to retreat. One of them, T. Howard Somervell, was coughing up the mucous lining of his larynx. But Mallory was still determined to climb. He had already been on two other expeditions to Everest. This time he was determined to make the summit.
He chose Sandy Irvine as a companion. Even though the young man had no high-altitude climbing experience, Irvine was brilliant at fixing the essential but trouble-prone oxygen equipment. As planned, Sherpas helped Mallory and Irvine get settled, then left them at their camp June 7. The next day another member of the team,