Yankees and Rebels: Stories of U.S. Civil War Leaders
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About this ebook
Steven Otfinoski
Steven Otfinoski has written more than 150 books for young readers. Three of his nonfiction books have been chosen Books for the Teen Age by the New York Public Library. Steve is also a playwright and has his own theater company that brings one-person plays about American history to schools. Steve lives in Connecticut with his wife, who is a teacher. They have two children, two dogs, and a cat.
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Yankees and Rebels - Steven Otfinoski
Index
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
As the United States grew in the 1800s, trouble developed among the states. Northern states were changing from a farming economy into one built on finance and industry. By 1804 all Northern states had abolished slavery, beginning a long process of freeing Northern slaves. Some Northerners felt slavery was morally wrong. But Southern plantations continued to rely on slave labor to farm crops such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
Harvesting crops such as cotton was brutal work. Plantation owners sometimes forced their slaves to work up to 15 hours per day.
Slavery was part of a larger divide between North and South. The two sides argued over states’ rights. Southern states didn’t want Congress and the president telling them what to do about slavery.
At this time new states were entering the Union. Lawmakers tried to keep a balance between new slave states
and new free states.
Politicians tried to satisfy both sides with the Compromise of 1850. This act allowed California to enter the Union as a free state. It also allowed voters to decide for or against slavery in the territories of Utah and New Mexico. To further satisfy the South, Congress passed a new Fugitive Slave Act. This act made it illegal to interfere with the returning of runaway slaves to their owners. Northerners who opposed slavery were furious about this act.
VIOLENCE ERUPTS
Problems continued with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This act allowed residents of the two new territories to vote on allowing slavery. Nebraska’s residents voted to be a free state. In Kansas people were sharply divided on the issue. Violence between the two groups earned the territory the nickname Bleeding Kansas.
The situation made Northerners so angry