Copper Flashings And Weatherings - A Practical Handbook
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Copper Flashings And Weatherings - A Practical Handbook - Read Books Ltd.
1951
INTRODUCTION
Although this is intended to be a practical handbook, mainly to be used by the man carrying out work to others’ instructions, it is nevertheless appropriate to consider briefly the reasons why copper is specified for use in making a building watertight. The reasons are not hard to find, and are based upon the behaviour of the metal through hundreds of years of practical experience. The use of copper as a flashing material is no new expedient to fill a temporary need caused by the shortage of other materials. Indeed, the reverse is the case. A glance through the list, on page 17, of buildings where copper has been used for such purposes will provide adequate justification for this statement.
In designing a building the architect will obviously look for materials that will give the longest life, can be applied easily without disfigurement to the finished job, are efficient and economical and keep maintenance costs down to a minimum. Copper combines these attributes better than any other weathering material and is therefore the obvious choice. In America, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, etc., copper has been used for many years, and in some of these countries the faces of entire buildings are copper-sheathed, a notable example being the Vesterport Building in Copenhagen.
Taking the above points in order, the first—long life—is accounted for by the fact that copper develops by natural processes a surface film, or patina, which forms a protection against corrosion by the action of the atmosphere. The colour of this patina may vary from a rich grey-green to a brownish shade or even black, depending on the nature of the local atmosphere and the amount of dirt present in it, but the colour has no bearing on the efficacy of the protection afforded. An illustration of this is to be found where rain washes only one side of a roof or dome and consequently that side has a clean, pale-green patina while the opposite side is a brownish colour from the soot that has collected; nevertheless each side is equally well protected.
The second point—ease of fixing—is borne out by a perusal of the following pages, when it will be seen that copper sheet and strip can be ‘worked’ without difficulty to conform to all the normal contours encountered in building work, at the same time usually enhancing the appearance of the building.
The question of whether a material is economical or not is of major importance today, and on this point it is well to remember that 26 S.W.G. copper sheet or strip is approximately half the price of 4 lb. lead per square foot at present.* When it is also realised that the labour involved to carry out a particular piece of work in copper is usually much less than with lead, it will be appreciated that the final cost is considerably reduced.
After the building is completed, despite the fact that every precaution has been taken to ensure that work was carried out in a perfectly satisfactory manner, there always arises the question of maintenance charges. These are constantly recurring, either because temperature changes have caused failures to occur or because the metal has deteriorated. With copper,