Manufacturing Engineering Education
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About this ebook
Manufacturing Engineering Education includes original and unpublished chapters that develop the applications of the manufacturing engineering education field. Chapters convey innovative research ideas that have a prodigious significance in the life of academics, engineers, researchers and professionals involved with manufacturing engineering. Today, the interest in this subject is shown in many prominent global institutes and universities, and the robust momentum of manufacturing has helped the U.S. economy continue to grow throughout 2014. This book covers manufacturing engineering education, with a special emphasis on curriculum development, and didactic aspects.
- Includes original and unpublished chapters that develop the applications of the manufacturing engineering education principle
- Applies manufacturing engineering education to curriculum development
- Offers research ideas that can be applied to the work of academics, engineers, researchers and professionals
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Manufacturing Engineering Education - J. Paulo Davim
citations).
Preface
J. Paulo Davim, Aveiro, Portugal
Nowadays, Manufacturing Engineering is defined as a discipline "which involves the ability to plan the processes and practices of manufacturing and to research and develop systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment for producing quality products". Recently, manufacturing engineering also emphasized on some modern subjects such as nanomanufacturing, biomanufacturing as well as aspects related to sustainable manufacturing. Manufacturing engineering is related to mechanical, industrial, and production engineering.
The book aims to provide information on manufacturing engineering education for modern industry. The initial chapter of the book provides history of production and industrial engineering through contributions of stalwarts. Chapter 2 is dedicated to manufacturing engineering education (Indian perspective). Chapter 3 presents learning enhancement of project-based unit in mechanical engineering undergraduate course. Chapter 4 covers friction compensation in the compression test. Chapter 5 contains appreciation of CNC technology through machine tool upgrading by an open controller. Finally, the last chapter of the book is dedicated to model the assembly of thin parts in composite material.
The present book can be used as a book for final undergraduate engineering course or as a topic on manufacturing engineering at the postgraduate level. This book can serve as a reference for academicians, researchers, manufacturing, mechanical, and industrial engineers as well as professionals in production engineering. Also, this book presents scientific interest for institutes, centers of the research, laboratories, and universities throughout the world.
The editor acknowledges Elsevier for this opportunity and for their professional support. Finally, I would like to thank all the chapter authors for their availability for this work.
Chapter 1
History of Production and Industrial Engineering Through Contributions of Stalwarts
Manjuri Hazarika⁎; Uday S. Dixit†; J. Paulo Davim‡ ⁎ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India
† Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
‡ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Abstract
The history of Production and Industrial Engineering embraces a broad period in the evolution of engineering and technology. This paper presents the history of Production and Industrial Engineering through the contributions of the stalwarts. Production and Industrial Engineering played an important role in the technological advancement and economic growth of the society over the ages. Although evolution of Production and Industrial Engineering was a slow process spanning over years, it accelerated from the pre-Industrial Revolution era in England starting from 1730s. Mechanization of production processes during Industrial Revolution is a landmark event for its growth. The formal beginning of Production and Industrial Engineering may be associated with the pioneering work of F.W. Taylor. In the 20th century, the focus was on the optimization of resources. With the advent of Industry 4.0 in the 21st century, Industrial Engineering is making the best use of digitization and automation.
Keywords
Production Engineering; Industrial Engineering; Industrial Revolution; Mechanization; Industry 4.0; F.W. Taylor; Operations Research; Manufacturing
1 Introduction
From time immemorial, human race is in the continuous process of utilizing natural resources for the betterment of the quality of life. Production processes transform resources into useful products. Human beings started manufacturing activities millions of years ago. It is believed that tools were used in Eolithic period that started circa 10 million years before present (McNiel, 1990). Earlier, the human beings used to make the artifacts for their own consumption. They were using muscle power assisted by handheld tools. Gradually, mankind learnt to replace muscle power with animal power and power from nature such as flowing water and wind. Simultaneously, the family system emerged and families formed communities, villages, and towns. With the growth of civilization, the division of work gained importance. However, the manufacturing used to be often an individualistic activity, at most confined to a family. For example, before the onset of the First Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, mainly the domestic system of production was prevalent in England (Bythell, 1983).
Modification of Newcomen's 1712 AD steam engine by James Watt in 1769 AD (Crump, 2007) was a significant event that provided a great impetus to the First Industrial Revolution that lasted till circa 1860 AD. As a result, traditional artisan-based techniques of producing goods were replaced by small workshops and factories. Engineers played a substantial role in starting and sustaining the factory system of production. In the beginning (c.325 AD), the word engineer
meant constructor of military weapons such as a catapult (Baofu, 2009) and engine was a general term for military weapons. The term Civil Engineering was first coined in the 18th century to indicate engineering related to nonmilitary applications, thus differentiating it from Military Engineering. The first British professional society, Institution of Civil Engineers, was formed (http://www.ice.org.uk, n.d.) in 1818. In 1847, Institution of Mechanical Engineers was formed in the United Kingdom (http://www.imeche.org/, n.d.). Society of Telegraph Engineers was formed in 1871 that was later converted to Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1889. However, it is known as The Institution of Engineering and Technology since 2006 (http://www.theiet.org/resources/library/archives/research/guides-iet.cfm, n.d.). In the United States, American Institute of Electrical Engineers was formed in 1884, which is now known as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (https://www.ieee.org/index.html, n.d.). Mining and Metallurgical Engineering were born in late 19th century out of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. Chemical Engineering was developed out of applied chemistry and engineering practices.
Second Industrial Revolution started in late 19th century (Mokyr, 1998). More emphasis was paid during this period on optimal utilization of resources and maximizing the profit. The need for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of production methods gave birth to a separate discipline of engineering called Production Engineering. Production Engineers are more concerned with proper and efficient utilization of technology rather than in developing drastically new technologies. Institution of Production Engineers was founded in the United Kingdom in 1921 (Millerson, 1964). Simultaneously in the United States, Industrial Engineering was developed; Hugo Diemer (1870–1937) coined the term Industrial Engineering
in 1900 in the United States and founded a Department of Industrial Engineering at Penn State (Nanda, 2006). Diemer published the first book on Industrial Engineering entitled Factory Organization and Administration
. Institute of Industrial Engineers was founded in 1948 in the United States, which has been renamed as Institute of Industrial & Systems Engineers (http://www.iise.org/Home/, n.d.).
Nowadays, the term Production Engineering is used interchangeably for Industrial Engineering. In the opinion of the authors of this article, although literally there is a difference between the words Production
and Industrial,
these branches were developed due to different geographical regions; the term Production Engineering was more prevalent in the United Kingdom and Industrial Engineering in the United States. Globalization mingled both of them. Literally, a Production Engineer is concerned about proper application and utilization of technology for enhancing the production of a factory. However, nowadays, Production Engineers are gaining employment in service sectors such as banking and insurance also because the concepts of production can be applied to service sectors as well. Industrial Engineering, on the other hand, deals with all engineering aspects of industry starting from product design to marketing. It is very close to management and, at several places, the name of the department itself is Industrial Engineering and