French Grammar Drills

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Contents

Preface

Part 1

Articles and Adjectives

1   Definite Articles

2   Indefinite Articles

3   Demonstrative Adjectives

4   Possessive Adjectives

5   Interrogative Adjectives

Review 1

Part 2

Plurals, Quantity, and Partitive Articles

6   Plural of Nouns

7   Quantity

8   Partitive Articles

Review 2

Part 3

Adjectives

9   Agreement of Adjectives

10   Position of Adjectives

11   Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives

Review 3

Part 4

Adverbs

12   Position of Adverbs

13   Formation of Adverbs

14   Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs

Review 4

Part 5

Subject, Stressed, and Object Pronouns

15   Subject Pronouns

16   Stressed Pronouns

17   Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

18   Other Object Pronouns: y and en

Review 5

Part 6

Possessive, Demonstrative, and Interrogative Pronouns

19   Possessive Pronouns

20   Demonstrative Pronouns

21   Interrogative Pronouns

Review 6

Part 7

Relative Pronouns

22   The Relative Pronouns qui and que

23   The Relative Pronouns qui and lequel After Prepositions

24   The Relative Pronouns où and dont

25   Ce Before qui, que, and dont

Review 7

Part 8

Prepositions and Conjunctions

26   Prepositions

27   Geographical Expressions

28   Prepositional Expressions and Idioms

29   Conjunctions

Review 8

Part 9

Basic Verbal Structures

30   The Present Participle, Present Tense, and Imperative

31   The Near Future, Simple Future, Future Perfect, and Present Conditional

32   Imparfait and passé composé

33   Imparfait and conditionnel

34   The Past Infinitive

Review 9

Part 10

Other Verbal Structures

35   The Present and Past Subjunctive

36   Reflexive Verbs and the Passive Voice

37   Negations

38   The Interrogative

39   Stem-Changing and Irregular Verbs

40   Verbal Expressions and Idioms

Review 10

Final Review

Answer Key

Preface

If you’ve picked up this book, you know that to learn a language well—to read and write and to understand others and be understood yourself—at some point you just have to buckle down and deal with the grammar. French Grammar Drills will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need to know French well by providing you with plenty of writing drills to reinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read, and write with finesse. You will be able to work at your own pace while focusing on those aspects of grammar that require the most attention.

Since so many grammatical elements in French vary as a function of the gender and number nouns, the book starts with a chapter on articles and tips showing you how to distinguish between masculine and feminine genders, as well as singular and plural forms, before moving on to chapters examining adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. The remaining chapters are devoted to verbal forms and tenses. The emphasis in the verb chapters is on those tenses of the indicative and subjunctive modes that are most frequently used in contemporary and conversational French.

A variety of exercises will reinforce your ability to manipulate the French language. There are exercises after each set of explanations so you can immediately apply what you have learned. In addition, ten sets of review exercises follow each group of related chapters. They are found following the study of articles and adjectives (Part 1); after plurals, quantity, and partitive articles (Part 2); after the study of adjectives, including comparatives and superlatives (Part 3); after the study of adverbs (Part 4); after the study of subject, stressed, and object pronouns (Part 5); after possessive, demonstrative, and interrogative pronouns (Part 6); after relative pronouns (Part 7); after prepositions and conjunctions (Part 8); after the study of verbs in the future, conditional, imparfait, and passé composé, including present and past participles (Part 9); and after the study of the subjunctive, reflexive verbs, the passive voice, negations, interrogatives, irregular verb forms and verbal expressions (Part 10). These review exercises are given specific contexts with the aid of various vignettes that give you the opportunity to challenge yourself in communicative, real-life situations. You will find answers to all the exercises in the answer key at the back of the book.

This new edition includes a Final Review chapter of exercises that pull together everything you’ve tested yourself with in the previous drills.

Once you’ve worked your way through French Grammar Drills, not only will you find yourself confidently on your way to fluency, this book will remain a unique resource anytime you need to clarify or review essential grammatical concepts.

Part 1

Articles and Adjectives

1

Definite Articles

Definite articles accompany nouns representing specific things and people. They are usually translated into English as the, although they are sometimes omitted in English.

Gender and number of nouns

The definite article (the in English) varies according to the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun it accompanies. Several abbreviations related to articles and nouns, as well as the distinction between familiar and formal speech, are used throughout the book. They are:

Use le before a masculine singular noun starting with a consonant.

Use la before a feminine singular noun starting with a consonant.

Use l’ before a singular noun (masculine or feminine) starting with a vowel or a mute h; the definite articles le and la change to the form l’:

Use les before any plural noun (masculine or feminine):

Since the use of le or la before a singular noun depends on the gender of that noun, there are a few rules of thumb to help you remember the gender of nouns.

Here are some nouns representing male and female subjects and several animals. Male individuals are masculine, while females are feminine. Note that the general term for an animal can be masculine or feminine when one is referring to individuals of both genders: la grenouille, le crapaud.

The ending of a noun can often help determine its gender. Here are some nouns ending in -e or in -on. These are usually feminine.

Here are some nouns ending in consonants or in the vowels -i and -u. These are usually masculine.

Exercise 1

Identify the gender of the noun by looking at its ending. Then write the appropriate article (le, la, or l’) before it. When you use l’, specify the gender of the noun by indicating (m) or (f).

1. ________ maison

2. ________ chéri

3. ________ bureau

4. ________ raison

5. ________ menu

6. ________ chérie

7. ________ réponse

8. ________ tableau

9. ________ ciel

10. ________ danse

11. ________ coq

12. ________ grenouille

13. ________ boulanger

14. ________ lionne

15. ________ tante

In some cases, all or a majority of the members of a group have the same gender. For example, many names of trees and vegetables are masculine, while many names of fruits are feminine. Here are some common names of trees, vegetables, and fruits:

Exercise 2

Identify the gender of each noun by placing it in the correct category (Arbre, Légume, Fruit). Then insert the correct article (le, la, or l’) before it. If the article is l’, indicate its gender by indicating (m) or (f) next to it.

1. _____________________ poivron

2. _____________________ radis

3. _____________________ mangue

4. _____________________ pommier

5. _____________________ orange

6. _____________________ poireau

7. _____________________ cerise

8. _____________________ chou

9. _____________________ saule

10. _____________________ palmier

11. _____________________ ail

12. _____________________ banane

13. _____________________ olivier

14. _____________________ petit pois

Units of measurement are masculine (except for la livre, pound); most words of English origin and the names of languages are also masculine. Here are some examples:

The names of days, seasons, and months are masculine.

Exercise 3

Justify the masculine gender of each of the following words by placing them into the proper category: units of measurement (U), words of English origin (E), days (D), months (M), seasons (S), or languages (L).

1. ________ volt

2. ________ tennis

3. ________ samedi

4. ________ été

5. ________ février

6. ________ mercredi

7. ________ chinois

8. ________ arabe

9. ________ kilomètre

10. ________ basket

11. ________ janvier

12. ________ hiver

13. ________ week-end

14. ________ automne

15. ________ rock

A few nouns can be masculine or feminine; many of these change meaning if they change their gender. Examples:

Exercise 4

Identify the meaning (in English) of each of the following phrases and write the correct article before each noun.

1. ______________________ voile du bateau

2. ______________________ mort du poète

3. ______________________ physique de l’athlète

4. ______________________ livre de pain

5. ______________________ poste de professeur

6. ______________________ voile de la femme

7. ______________________ poste du village

8. ______________________ tour guidé du musée

9. ______________________ mort dans le cercueil

10. ______________________ physique et la chimie

Exercise 5

Write the correct definite article (le, la, or l’) before each noun. When the article is l’, specify the gender of the noun by indicating (m) or (f) for masculine or feminine.

1. ________ anglais

2. ________ école

3. ________ bateau

4. ________ chanson

5. ________ tableau

6. ________ ami

7. ________ histoire

8. ________ crayon

9. ________ allemand

10. ________ ballon

11. ________ gâteau

12. ________ raison

13. ________ radis

14. ________ menu

15. ________ carte

16. ________ stress

17. ________ palmier

18. ________ tomate

19. ________ pêche

20. ________ boulanger

21. ________ mécanicienne

22. ________ tante

23. ________ grand-père

24. ________ sœur

25. ________ jeudi

26. ________ hockey

27. ________ manguier

28. ________ mangue

29. ________ saule

30. ________ haricot

Use of the definite article

The French definite article is generally used to translate the English article the. It is often required in French even though it may be absent in English. The definite article (le, la, l’, or les) is necessary in the following cases:

• General categories and abstractions

• Name and adjective clusters

• Titles and family names

• Languages

• School subjects

• Countries

• Seasons

• Days. The singular definite article (le) before the name of a day expresses on or every (on Monday(s), every Tuesday, etc.).

• Parts of the day

Omission of the definite article

Compare these sets of sentences, and note that the definite article is omitted in the following cases:

• When the titles monsieur, madame, and mademoiselle appear before a person’s name

• When the definite article refers to a specific day

• After the preposition en

Contracted articles

When the preposition à (in, at, to) or de (of, from) precedes the definite article le or les, the contracted form (au, aux, du, des) must be used. Note that