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    Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES
    Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES
    Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES
    Ebook82 pages48 minutes

    Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

    By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

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    About this ebook

    "Professional activity" and "The social and political role" are chapters 1 and 2, which we have summarized in this book. The commercial revolution, the itinerant paper, the routes, the waterways and maritime routes, the fairs, the sedentary merchant, contracts and associations, merchants and politicians, improvements of the methods in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, accounting, the categories of merchants Has the medieval merchant been a capitalist? Merchants and cities, nobles and urban and rural popular sectors, aspects of the political dominance of the mercantile bourgeoisie, the "democratic" merchants, struggles of the bourgeois clans, merchants and princes, and the large bourgeois families, are the issues addressed.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
    Release dateOct 13, 2021
    ISBN9798201073985
    Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES
    Author

    MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

    Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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      Summary Of "Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages" By Jacques Le Goff - MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

      Summary Of Merchants And Bankers In The Middle Ages By Jacques Le Goff

      UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

      MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

      Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

      While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

      SUMMARY OF MERCHANTS AND BANKERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES BY JACQUES LE GOFF

      First edition. October 13, 2021.

      Copyright © 2021 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

      ISBN: 979-8201073985

      Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

      Table of Contents

      Title Page

      Copyright Page

      Le Goff, Jacques

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      Further Reading: Summary Of Political Writings By Max Weber

      Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

      About the Author

      About the Publisher

      Le Goff, Jacques

      MERCHANTS AND BANKERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES

      CHAPTER 1 PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

      The commercial revolution

      BETWEEN THE 11th and 13th CENTURIES, a commercial revolution took place in Christian Europe that was the product of a series of historical phenomena.

      In the first place the END OF THE INVASIONS of the Germanic, Scandinavian, Saracen and nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes. These groups that had previously entered Europe violently and invaded and plundered it, stop doing this from the eleventh century. From this moment, instead of wars and looting, commercial exchange began to predominate. Even the crusades that are an invasion that Christian Europe carries out in the Middle East have a commercial rather than a military purpose.

      Another phenomenon that favors the commercial growth of the moment is the RENAISSANCE OF THE CITIES that had almost disappeared in the High Middle Ages.

      THE PROCESS OF THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE IN ALL OF EUROPE TO THE SAME BUT IT HAS LARGE VARIATIONS. Some THREE FOCUSES can be identified in which the commercial activity was concentrated:

      1. The MEDITERRANEAN was one of the great centers of commerce due to its geographical relationship with Muslim cultures. In particular, ITALIAN CITIES stood out, and to a lesser degree the south of France and the northern Mediterranean coast of Spain.

      2. NORTHERN GERMANY was an important place because it linked the Christian world with Slavic / Scandinavian rule.

      Intense commerce also developed between the Italian and German commercial cities, which traced a route of exchange along the Rhine and across the Alps. These two zones marked two merchant models, the Italian and the Hanseatic.

      These two commercial areas will soon be added a THIRD THAT WILL HAVE AN INDUSTRIAL FUNCTION. It is about north-western Europe: south-east England, Normandy, Flanders, Champagne, the Meuse and Lower Rhine. This is the CENTER OF THE WEAVING and produces goods that the Italian and German merchants will go looking for to exchange with Muslim, Nordic and Slavic products.

      The itinerant merchant

      The routes

      The routes were not like the ones we know today, the roads were sometimes not even marked. NATURAL OBSTACLES posed great difficulties, especially mountains such as the Alps and the Pyrenees.

      THE ROADS WERE NOT STONED and this was a difficulty. Also the old Roman roads had been neglected for centuries. In any case, there were some TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES that facilitated communication, such as the improvement of the hitching of draft animals from the 10th century onwards. Lighter two-wheeled carts also emerged that were more easily maneuverable than the old four-wheeled wagons.

      Another transportation problem was the BANDIDOS, which were found along all routes and which could sometimes lead to the complete failure of a commercial operation. In addition, throughout his career, a merchant passed through innumerable manors, each of which had its own legislation regarding taxes for the use of the roads, the right of the gentleman to confiscate merchandise, and other difficulties for merchants.

      It was not until the end of the Middle Ages that National States emerged that built better routes of communication and unified legislation in such a way that taxes did not overwhelm merchants.

      THESE ADVERSE CONDITIONS MADE LAND TRANSPORTATION HUGE

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