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How do I... Install and configure a DNS server in Windows Server 2008? - TechRepublic
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HowdoI...InstallandconfigureaDNSserverin WindowsServer2008?
ByStevenWarreninTheEnterpriseCloud,April15,2008,5:05AMPST
WithoutDNS,computerswouldhaveaverytoughtimecommunicating witheachother.However,mostWindowsadministratorsstillrelyon WINSfornameresolutiononlocalareanetworksandsomehavelittleor noexperiencewithDNS.StevenWarrenexplainshowtoinstall, configure,andtroubleshootaWindowsServer2008DNSserver.
Asmanyofyouareprobablyaware,theDomainNameSystem
(http://www.techrepublic.com/search/index.php?q=dns+server&t=1)(DNS)isnowthenameresolution
systemofchoiceinWindows.Withoutit,computerswouldhaveaverytoughtime communicatingwitheachother.However,mostWindowsadministratorsstillrelyonthe WindowsInternetNameService(http://www.techrepublic.com/search/index.php?
t=1&s=0&o=0&q=windows+internet+name+service)(WINS)fornameresolutiononlocalareanetworksandsomehavelittleor
noexperiencewithDNS.Ifyoufallintothiscategory,readon.We'llexplainhowtoinstall,configure,and troubleshootaWindowsServer2008(http://www.techrepublic.com/search/index.php?t=1&s=0&o=0&q=windows+server+2008)DNS server. ThisblogpostisalsoavailableinPDFformasaTechRepublicDownload
(http://www.techrepublic.com/downloads/abstract.aspx?docid=352635)andasaTechRepublicPhotoGallery (http://www.techrepublic.com/contents/234610879_11192507.html).
Installation
YoucaninstallaDNSserverfromtheControlPanelorwhenpromotingamemberservertoadomaincontroller(DC) (FigureA).Duringthepromotion,ifaDNSserverisnotfound,youwillhavetheoptionofinstallingit.
FigureA
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Domaincontroller
ToinstallaDNSserverfromtheControlPanel,followthesesteps: FromtheStartmenu,select|ControlPanel|AdministrativeTools|ServerManager. ExpandandclickRoles(FigureB). ChooseAddRolesandfollowthewizardbyselectingtheDNSrole(FigureC). ClickInstalltoinstallDNSinWindowsServer2008(FigureD).
FigureB
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ExpandandclickRoles
FigureC
DNSrole
FigureD
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InstallDNS
DNSconsoleandconfiguration
AfterinstallingDNS,youcanfindtheDNSconsolefromStart|AllPrograms|AdministrativeTools|DNS.Windows 2008providesawizardtohelpconfigureDNS. WhenconfiguringyourDNSserver,youmustbefamiliarwiththefollowingconcepts: Forwardlookupzone Reverselookupzone Zonetypes AforwardlookupzoneissimplyawaytoresolvehostnamestoIPaddresses.AreverselookupzoneallowsaDNS servertodiscovertheDNSnameofthehost.Basically,itistheexactoppositeofaforwardlookupzone.Areverse lookupzoneisnotrequired,butitiseasytoconfigureandwillallowforyourWindowsServer2008Servertohave fullDNSfunctionality. WhenselectingaDNSzonetype,youhavethefollowingoptions:ActiveDirectory
(http://www.techrepublic.com/search/index.php?t=1&s=0&o=0&q=active+directory)(AD)Integrated,StandardPrimary,andStandard
Secondary.ADIntegratedstoresthedatabaseinformationinADandallowsforsecureupdatestothedatabasefile. ThisoptionwillappearonlyifADisconfigured.Ifitisconfiguredandyouselectthisoption,ADwillstoreand replicateyourzonefiles. AStandardPrimaryzonestoresthedatabaseinatextfile.ThistextfilecanbesharedwithotherDNSserversthat storetheirinformationinatextfile.Finally,aStandardSecondaryzonesimplycreatesacopyoftheexisting databasefromanotherDNSserver.Thisisprimarilyusedforloadbalancing. ToopentheDNSserverconfigurationtool: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. HighlightyourcomputernameandchooseAction|ConfigureaDNSServer...tolaunchtheConfigureDNS
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ServerWizard. 3. ClickNextandchoosetoconfigurethefollowing:forwardlookupzone,forwardandreverselookupzone,root hintsonly(FigureE). 4. ClickNextandthenclickYestocreateaforwardlookupzone(FigureF). 5. SelecttheappropriateradiobuttontoinstallthedesiredZoneType(FigureG). 6. ClickNextandtypethenameofthezoneyouarecreating. 7. ClickNextandthenclickYestocreateareverselookupzone. 8. RepeatStep5. 9. ChoosewhetheryouwantanIPv4orIPv6ReverseLookupZone(FigureH). 10. ClickNextandentertheinformationtoidentifythereverselookupzone(FigureI). 11. YoucanchoosetocreateanewfileoruseanexistingDNSfile(FigureJ). 12. OntheDynamicUpdatewindow,specifyhowDNSacceptssecure,nonsecure,ornodynamicupdates. 13. IfyouneedtoapplyaDNSforwarder,youcanapplyitontheForwarderswindow.(FigureK). 14. ClickFinish(FigureL).
FigureE
Configure
FigureF
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Forwardlookupzone
FigureG
Desiredzone
FigureH
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IPv4orIPv6
FigureI
Reverselookupzone
FigureJ
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ChooseneworexistingDNSfile
FigureK
Forwarderswindow
FigureL
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Finish
ManagingDNSrecords
YouhavenowinstalledandconfiguredyourfirstDNSserver,andyou'rereadytoaddrecordstothezone(s)you created.TherearevarioustypesofDNSrecordsavailable.Manyofthemyouwillneveruse.We'llbelookingat thesecommonlyusedDNSrecords: StartofAuthority(SOA) NameServers Host(A) Pointer(PTR) CanonicalName(CNAME)orAlias MailExchange(MX)
StartofAuthority(SOA)record
TheStartofAuthority (http://www.yourdictionary.com/startofauthority)(SOA)resourcerecordisalwaysfirstinanystandard zone.TheStartofAuthority(SOA)taballowsyoutomakeanyadjustmentsnecessary.Youcanchangethe primaryserverthatholdstheSOArecord,andyoucanchangethepersonresponsibleformanagingtheSOA. Finally,oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofWindows2000isthatyoucanchangeyourDNSserverconfiguration withoutdeletingyourzonesandhavingtorecreatethewheel(FigureM).
FigureM
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Changeconfiguration
NameServers
NameServersspecifyallnameserversforaparticulardomain.Yousetupallprimaryandsecondarynameservers throughthisrecord. TocreateaNameServer,followthesesteps: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. ExpandtheForwardLookupZone. 3. RightclickontheappropriatedomainandchooseProperties(FigureN). 4. SelecttheNameServerstabandclickAdd. 5. EntertheappropriateFQDNServernameandIPaddressoftheDNSserveryouwanttoadd.
FigureN
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NameServer
Host(A)records
AHost(A)recordmapsahostnametoanIPaddress.Theserecordshelpyoueasilyidentifyanotherserverina forwardlookupzone.Hostrecordsimprovequeryperformanceinmultiplezoneenvironments,andyoucanalso createaPointer(PTR)recordatthesametime.APTRrecordresolvesanIPaddresstoahostname. TocreateaHostrecord: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. ExpandtheForwardLookupZoneandclickonthefolderrepresentingyourdomain. 3. FromtheActionmenu,selectNewHost. 4. EntertheNameandIPAddressofthehostyouarecreating(FigureO). 5. SelecttheCreateAssociatedPointer(PTR)RecordcheckboxifyouwanttocreatethePTRrecordatthe sametime.Otherwise,youcancreateitlater. 6. ClicktheAddHostbutton.
FigureO
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AHost(A)record
Pointer(PTR)records
APointer(PTR)recordcreatestheappropriateentryinthereverselookupzoneforreversequeries.Asyousawin FigureH,youhavetheoptionofcreatingaPTRrecordwhencreatingaHostrecord.Ifyoudidnotchoosetocreate yourPTRrecordatthattime,youcandoitatanypoint. TocreateaPTRrecord: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. ChoosethereverselookupzonewhereyouwantyourPTRrecordcreated. 3. FromtheActionmenu,selectNewPointer(FigureP). 4. EntertheHostIPNumberandHostName. 5. ClickOK.
FigureP
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NewPointer
CanonicalName(CNAME)orAliasrecords
ACanonicalName(CNAME)orAliasrecordallowsaDNSservertohavemultiplenamesforasinglehost.For example,anAliasrecordcanhaveseveralrecordsthatpointtoasingleserverinyourenvironment.Thisisa commonapproachifyouhavebothyourWebserverandyourmailserverrunningonthesamemachine. TocreateaDNSAlias: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. ExpandtheForwardLookupZoneandhighlightthefolderrepresentingyourdomain. 3. FromtheActionmenu,selectNewAlias. 4. EnteryourAliasName(FigureQ). 5. Enterthefullyqualifieddomainname(FQDN). 6. ClickOK.
FigureQ
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AliasName
MailExchange(MX)records
MailExchangerecordshelpyouidentifymailserverswithinazoneinyourDNSdatabase.Withthisfeature,you canprioritizewhichmailserverswillreceivethehighestpriority.CreatingMXrecordswillhelpyoukeeptrackofthe locationofallofyourmailservers. TocreateaMailExchange(MX)record: 1. SelectDNSfromtheAdministrativeToolsfoldertoopentheDNSconsole. 2. ExpandtheForwardLookupZoneandhighlightthefolderrepresentingyourdomain. 3. FromtheActionmenu,selectNewMailExchanger. 4. EntertheHostOrDomain(FigureR). 5. EntertheMailServerandMailServerPriority. 6. ClickOK.
FigureR
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HostorDomain
Othernewrecords
Youcancreatemanyothertypesofrecords.Foracompletedescription,chooseAction|OtherNewRecordsfrom theDNSconsole(FigureS).Selecttherecordofyourchoiceandviewthedescription.
FigureS
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CreaterecordsfromtheDNSconsole
TroubleshootingDNSservers
WhentroubleshootingDNSservers,thenslookuputility (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/200525)willbecomeyourbest friend.Thisutilityiseasytouseandveryversatile.It'sacommandlineutilitythatisincludedwithinWindows2008. Withnslookup,youcanperformquerytestingofyourDNSservers.Thisinformationisusefulintroubleshooting nameresolutionproblemsanddebuggingotherserverrelatedproblems.Youcanaccessnslookup(FigureT)right fromtheDNSconsole.
FigureT
Nslookuputility
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