Alexandria University Heat Transfer 11:066146 Faculty of Engineering Date: May 26, 2007 Mechanical Engineering Department Time: 2 hours Graduate Program Final Exam Solve the Following Problems 1) In a particular application involving the suction of air at free stream uniform velocity Vo through a heated porous plate, the boundary layer temperature distribution may be approximated as: ~exp-Pr@y) o Where y is the distance normal to the surface, T.=25 °C, Tw=" = 2000m'', and Pr=0.7. Calculate the surface heat flux and show that St=1. (take Real f . eth of the plate) 2) Consider a steady, turbulent boundary layer on an isothermal flat plate of temperature Ty. The boundary layer is initiated at the leading edge, x=0, by a fine wire, Assume constant physical properties and velocity profile in the form es, nf al ] where, u” = fr, Jp u v a) From the above relation it can be shown that the shear stress is related to the boundary leyer thickness 6 by an expression of the form =0, ce v c pu, 2 Beginning with the momentum integral equation given as: d ae ‘ uU,, - wav Show that 37 Re, ¢) Apply the Colbum analogy given as: Si, Pr” Prove that: Nu, = 0.029 Ref Pr'”*3) Consider a constant property flow over a wedge with free stream velocity varies as: U,=C x. This is known as the two-dimensional stagnation point flow problem. The boundary layer equations for steady incompressible laminar flow over a wedge are r=T, aty=0 usU,.T=T, asym Introducing the Falkner and Skan similarity solutions given as =F(y) orly Show that the above two stagnation point problem can be transformed to f+ +-f )=0 @' +P f0 eae f= 021 asn 0 ves a) The solution of the similarity equation for [Link]<5 and m=! 9(0)=0.57»Pr°*. Show that the heat transfer coefficient is constant and not vary with x and is expressed in dimensionless form by the average Nusselt number as: Nu =0. 7 Rel? Pelt Prof Mohamed A. Hassaba en al eae University of Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Mech. Eng, Dept Sune, 2007 Gas Liquefaction Answer the following questions: i ‘A cascade refrigeration system is used for Ethane liquefaction at One bar and ammonia as heat sink refrigerant. The cycle parameters are shown in figure. Assuming. « Isentropic compression in both compressors. + Temperature difference in heat exchanger is 5 °C. estimate the energy consumption in kWh per kg of liquid. ‘A two-stage CO compressor with flash intercooler is used to produce 265 kwhr of dry ice at One bar. The cycle parameters are shown in figure. ‘Assuming isentropic compression in both stages, calculate the total power in kW. A Claude system is used for Oxygen liquefaction at One bar. Assuming: ‘© Isothermal Compression. ‘© Mass of expander is 20 % of compressor mass. estimate, a) The energy consumption in kWh per kg of liquid. ) Check cross temperature error in the heat exchangers. Illustrate with drawing a Claude system with three expanders used in Helium liquefaction and represent the cycle on T-s and P-h charts. Explain with representing on T-s and P-h charts how to determine the cycle ‘maximum pressure with respect to inverted temperature as stated with Joule- Thomson. Discuss why the liquefaction system of some gases required an external source of cryogenic cooling or expander or both of them. Writ: down the relations which affect the gas charging to a tank