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Vector Identities and Differential Operators

This document defines various vector and tensor identities involving operations like the dot product, cross product, gradient, divergence, and curl. It provides the definitions of these operations in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. Key equations include vector identities like A × (B × C) = (C × B) × A and definitions of the divergence of a tensor.

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Jose Luis Gonzalez
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272 views6 pages

Vector Identities and Differential Operators

This document defines various vector and tensor identities involving operations like the dot product, cross product, gradient, divergence, and curl. It provides the definitions of these operations in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. Key equations include vector identities like A × (B × C) = (C × B) × A and definitions of the divergence of a tensor.

Uploaded by

Jose Luis Gonzalez
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

VECTOR IDENTITIES4 Notation: f; g; are scalars; A, B, etc.

, are vectors; is a tensor; is the unit


dyad.
T I

1 A  B  C = A  B  C = B  C  A = B  C  A = C  A  B = C  A  B 2 A  B  C = C  B  A = A  CB , A  BC 3 A  B  C + B  C  A + C  A  B = 0 4 A  B  C  D = A  CB  D , A  DB  C 5 A  B  C  D = A  B  DC , A  B  CD 6 rfg = rgf  = f rg + grf 7 r  f A = f r  A + A  rf 8 r  f A = f r  A + rf  A 9 r  A  B = B  r  A , A  r  B 10 r  A  B = Ar  B , Br  A + B  rA , A  rB 11 A  r  B = rB  A , A  rB 12 rA  B = A  r  B + B  r  A + A  rB + B  rA 13 r2 f = r  rf 14 r2 A = rr  A , r  r  A 15 r  rf = 0 16 r  r  A = 0 If e1 , e2 , e3 are orthonormal unit vectors, a second-order tensor T can be written in the dyadic form P 17 T = i;j Tij ei ej

In cartesian coordinates the divergence of a tensor is a vector with components P 18 rT i = j @Tji =@xj  This de nition is required for consistency with Eq. 29 . In general 19 r  AB = r  AB + A  rB 20 r  f T  = rf T +f rT
4

Let r = ix + jy + kz be the radius vector of magnitude r, from the origin to the point x; y; z. Then 21 r  r = 3 22 r  r = 0 23 rr = r=r 24 r1=r = ,r=r3 25 r  r=r3  = 4 r 26 rr = I If V is a volume enclosed by a surface S and dS = ndS , where n is the unit normal outward from V; 27 28 29 30 31 32
Z Z Z Z Z Z

V V V V V V

dV rf =

S
Z

dSf
S

dV r  A = dV r =
T

dS  A
T

dS 
S

dV r  A =

dS  A
Z

dV f r2 g , gr2 f  =
Z

dS  f rg , grf 

dV A  r  r  B , B  r  r  A
=
I

If S is an open surface bounded by the contour C , of which the line element is dl, 33
Z

dS  B  r  A , A  r  B

dS  rf =

dlf
5

34 35 36

Z Z Z

S S S

dS  r  A =

dl  A
C

dS  r  A =

I I

dl  A
C

dS  rf  rg =

fdg = ,

gdf

DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS IN CURVILINEAR COORDINATES5 Cylindrical Coordinates


Divergence

@ rA  + 1 @A + @Az rA= 1 r @r r r @ @z

Gradient Curl

1 @f ; rf  = @f rf r = @f ;  r f  = z @z @r r@

@Az , @A r  Ar = 1 r @ @z
r , @Az r  A = @A @z @r

@ rA  , 1 @Ar r  Az = 1 r @r r @


Laplacian

r2 f

2 f @2f 1 @ @f 1 @ = r @r r @r + r2 @ 2 + @z2

Laplacian of a vector

Ar r2 Ar = r2 Ar , r22 @A , @ r2


r,A r2 A = r2 A + r22 @A @ r2

r2 Az = r2 Az Components of A  rB


r + A @Br + Az @Br , A B A  rBr = Ar @B @r r @ @z r

A @B + A @B + A Br A  rB = Ar @B + z @z @r r @ r
z + A @Bz + A @Bz A  rBz = Ar @B z @z @r r @

Divergence of a tensor @ rT  + 1 @T r + @Tzr , T r  T r = 1 r @r rr r @ @z r

@ rT  + 1 @T r  T  = 1 r @r r r @

z +T r + @T @z r

@ rT  + 1 @T z + @Tzz r  T z = 1 r @r rz r @ @z

Spherical Coordinates
Divergence

@ r2 A  + 1 @ sin A  + 1 @A r  A = r12 @r r r sin @ r sin @


1 @f ; rf  = 1 @f rf r = @f ;  r f  = @r r @ r sin @ 1 @ sin A  , 1 @A r  Ar = r sin @ r sin @ 1 @Ar , 1 @ rA  r  A = r sin @ r @r

Gradient Curl

@ rA  , 1 @Ar r  A = 1 r @r r @
Laplacian

r2 f


1 @ @f 1 @ @f 1 @2 f 2 = r2 @r r @r + r2 sin @ sin @ + r2 sin 2 @ 2

Laplacian of a vector

Ar , 2 @A , 2 cot A , 2 @A r2 Ar = r2 Ar , 2r 2 r2 @ r2 r2 sin @


r , A , 2 cos @A r2 A = r2 A + r22 @A @ r2 sin2 r2 sin2 @

2 @Ar + 2 cos @A r2 A = r2 A , r2 A + sin2 r2 sin @ r2 sin2 @


8

Components of A  rB

r + A @Br + A @Br , A B + A B A  rBr = Ar @B @r r @ r sin @ r + A @B + A @B + A Br , cot A B A  rB = Ar @B @r r @ r sin @ r r

A @B + A @B + A Br + cot A B + A  rB = Ar @B @r r @ r sin @ r r


Divergence of a tensor @ r2 T  + 1 @ sin T  r  T r = r12 @r rr r sin @ r 1 @T r , T + T + r sin @ r

@ r2 T  + 1 @ sin T  r  T  = r12 @r r r sin @


1 @T + T r , cot T + r sin @ r r

@ r2 T  + 1 @ sin T  r  T  = r12 @r r r sin @


1 @T + r sin @
+ Tr r + cot T r

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