Timeline of Jewish History

Note: These earliest dates (B.C.) are not without differences of opinion. They are offered as a general guideline, there being somewhat of an agreement as to their general accuracy. In estigation into the timeline is still ongoing. !istorical Timeline Israel"s beginnings: #$%& B.C. ' (braham born. )*+$ B.C. ' (braham lea es !aran for Canaan. )*%& B.C. ' Isaac born. ),-& B.C. ' .acob born. )-+- B.C. ' .oseph sold to /gyptians. )-0& B.C. ' .acob and family mo e to /gypt. /gyptian bondage and the /1odus under 2oses: )+)$ B.C. ' 2oses born. )&%$ B.C. ' The /1odus from /gypt. Israel crosses the 3ed 4ea. ' The 5aw is gi en to 2oses on 2ount 4inai. Israel gi en The 6romised 5and: )0*$ B.C. ' The !ebrews enter Canaan. *,$ B.C. ' 7a id becomes 8ing of Israel. *%$ B.C. ' The first Temple completed in .erusalem. *$$ B.C. ' The nation is di ided into the 8ingdoms of Israel and .udah. (ssyrian 9 Babylonian capti ities and the 3eturn: -## B.C. ' Israel (Northern 8ingdom) con:uered by (ssyria. &,+ B.C. ' .udah (4outhern 8ingdom) con:uered by Babylon. .erusalem destroyed, including the first Temple (on the *th of ( ), and the .ews e1iled to Babylon. &%, B.C. ' The e1iles return to .erusalem from Babylon. &)+ B.C. ' The second Temple dedicated. 00&'000 B.C. ' Nehemiah rebuilds The walls of .erusalem. %&$ B.C. ' 6ersians capture .erusalem. %%# B.C. ' .erusalem con:uered by (le1ander the ;reat. !ellenistic rule in the area begins. )-$ B.C. ' The 8ing of 4yria, (ntiochus /piphanes, plunders .erusalem. )+, B.C. ' (ntiochus /piphanes ransac<s .erusalem and prohibits the practice of .udaism, triggering the 2accabean re olt.

)+& B.C. ' !asmonean .ews, led by the 2accabees, recapture .erusalem and rededicate the Temple, now celebrated annually at !anu<ah. ,$ B.C. ' The 2accabees defeated by the 3omans. +% B.C. ' .erusalem con:uered by 6ompey, who ma<es .erusalem a 3oman pro ince. %- B.C. ' !erod appointed 8ing in .erusalem by 3ome. #$ B.C. ' !erod begins restoration of the #nd Temple. 0 B.C. ' The birth of .esus. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' %$ (.7. .esus crucified. ++'-% ' The .ewish re olt against the 3omans. ++ ' .ewish =ealots capture 2asada from the 3omans. >orldwide 7ispersion?7iaspora: -$ ' .erusalem destroyed, including the second Temple (on the *th of ( ), by the 3omans who begin e1pelling the .ews from The 5and. -% ' 2asada, the last stronghold of the .ewish rebellion, falls to the 3omans. )%#')%& ' The Bar'8o<hba uprising against 3ome temporarily wins .erusalem bac<. )%& ' The Bar 8o<hba re olt is defeated by the 3omans (on the *th of ( ), who <ill o er &,$,$$$ .ews ' .erusalem is rebuilt and renamed (elia Capitolina, from which all .ews are banned. ' .udea is renamed 4yria 6alestina (6alestine), from which all .ews are banned. )%+ ' The Temple area in .erusalem was plowed under by the 3omans on the * th of ( . %$+ ' The 4panish 4ynod of /l ira forbids Christians to eat with .ews or to intermarry with them. %#0 ' .erusalem under By@antine rule. %#+ ' Aueen !elena, the mother of By@antine /mperor Constantine, isits .erusalem and starts building churches, including The Church of The !oly 4epulchre. %+# ' .ulian the (postate allows .ews to return to .erusalem. %*& ' The 3oman /mpire is partitioned into /astern and >estern di isions. 6alestine comes under the /astern di ision. &-$ ' Birth of 2ohammed. +)0 ' .erusalem con:uered by 6ersians. +#0 ' 2ohammed e1ecutes all .ewish males in 2edina, le ies a ta1 on all .ews in 8hybar, and changes the prayer direction of his followers from .erusalem to 2ecca.

+#- ' 2ohammed e1ecutes all .ewish men in Auray@ah and sells their women and children as sla es. +#* ' .erusalem is reta<en by the By@antines. .ews are banned from .erusalem by Bishop 2odestos, the Christian 6atriarch of .erusalem. +%# ' 7eath of 2ohammed. +%% ' .ews are banned from .erusalem by Bishop 4ophronius, the Christian 6atriarch of .erusalem. +%+ ' 2uslim con:uest of .erusalem. +%, ' 2uslim con:uest of 6alestine. +&$ ' The compilation of 2ohammed"s 8oran is completed. +*) ' The 7ome of the 3oc< is completed on the Temple 2ount in .erusalem. -$) ' The (l (:sa 2os:ue is completed on the Temple 2ount. -0- ' (n earth:ua<e hits .erusalem, collapsing part of the 7ome of the 3oc<. --) ' (nother earth:ua<e hits .erusalem and the Temple 2ount. ,)% ' (nother earth:ua<e hits .erusalem. *+* ' /gyptian Batimids ta<e control of .erusalem. )$)# ' The .ews are e1pelled from part of the 3hineland. )$%% ' (nother earth:ua<e hits .erusalem. )$++ ' .ews enter Britain for the first time. )$-- ' .erusalem captured by the Tur<s. )$*& ' The Crusades declared by 6ope Crban II on the *th of ( . )$*+ ' The Crusaders massacre .ews in the 3hineland. )$** ' The Birst Crusade captures .erusalem. The .ews fight alongside the (rabs, defending .erusalem from the Crusaders. ))00 ' (nti'.ewish riots in /ngland. ))0+ ' Christians olunteering to fight in the 4econd Crusade were decreed to be released from all debts owed to .ews. ))+, ' ( .ewish massacre in /ngland. ))-$ ' The Third Crusade. .ews were accused of the infamous DBlood 5ibelD and massacred. )),) ' (nother .ewish massacre in /ngland.

)),# ' 8ing 6hillip of Brance e1pelled .ews, confiscated their property, turned synagogues into churches, and forced .ews to wear identification badges. )),- ' The 2uslim, 4aladin, ta<es .erusalem from the Crusaders. )),* ' .ewish massacres throughout /ngland at the coronation of 3ichard the 5ionhearted. ))*$ ' (nother .ewish massacre in /ngland. ))*# ' 3ichard the 5ionheart fails to re'con:uer .erusalem. )#)# ' %$$ /nglish and Brench 3abbis settle in .erusalem. )#)& ' The Bourth 5ateran Council re:uires .ews to wear distincti e clothing for easy identification, and bars them from holding ci il office. )### ' The 4ynod of E1ford, /ngland re:uires .ews to wear an identifying patch. )##* ' Crusaders con:uer .erusalem. )#%* ' 2uslims re'con:uer .erusalem. )#0$ ' The 6aris 7isputation. )#0# ' The burning of the Talmud in 6aris on the *th of ( . )#0% ' Crusaders re'con:uer .erusalem. )#00 ' .erusalem sac<ed by Tartars. )#0- ' .erusalem con:uered by /gyptian 2amelu<es. )#&& ' ( 2assacre of .ews in /ngland. )#&* ' .erusalem sac<ed by the 2ongols. )#+0 ' .ewish persecution sweeps /ngland. )#-+ ' The .ews e1pelled from upper Ba aria. )#-, ' .ews arrested throughout /ngland and their property confiscated, %$$ hanged. )#,, ' 2assacre of local .ews in Troyes, Brance. )#*$ ' En the *th of ( , 8ing /dward I signed the edict to e1pel all .ews from /ngland. )+,$$$ left, beginning %&$ years of .ewish e1ile from /ngland. )%$+ ' 6hillip the Tall e1pelled )$$,$$$ .ews from Brance and confiscated their property. )%## ' The 4panish 4ynod of Falladolid demands intolerance toward the .ews. )%#* ' The 4panish 4ynod of Tarragona demands intolerance toward the .ews.

)%%& ' The 4ynod of 4alamanca forbids employment of .ewish doctors. )%0- ' .erusalem con:uered by the 2amelu<es again. )%0,'0* ' (nti'.ewish riots in 6oland. )%&)')%&% ' The bubonic plague hits .erusalem. )%*) ' (nti'.ewish riots and massacres in 4pain, &$,$$$ .ews murdered in Castile. The .ews re:uired to wear distincti e clothing for identification. )%*0 ' The .ews again e1pelled from Brance. )0$- ' (nti'.ewish riots in 6oland. )0#) ' The .ews in Fienna had their possessions confiscated, their children forcibly con erted. #-$ .ews were burned at the sta<e. )0#0 ' The .ews e1pelled from Cologne. )0%# ' The .ews e1pelled from 4a1ony. )0%& ' The .ews e1pelled from 4pires and =urich. )0%, ' The .ews e1pelled from 2ain@. )0%* ' The .ews e1pelled from (ugsburg. )00# ' The .ews e1pelled from Ba aria. )0&0 ' The .ews e1pelled from the crown cities of 2ora ia. )0-, ' The In:uisition established to e1terminate heretics, including .ews. )0,& ' The .ews e1pelled from 6erugia, Italy. )0,+ ' The .ews e1pelled from Ficen@a, Italy. )0,* ' The .ews e1pelled from 2ilan and 5ucca, Italy. )0*$ ' The .ews e1pelled from ;ene a, 4wit@erland. !ebrew Bibles burned by the In:uisition in 4pain. )0*# ' %$$,$$$ .ews e1pelled from 4pain. Christopher Columbus watched them lea ing in ships as he was lea ing to disco er the New >orld. )0*0 ' The .ews e1pelled from Blorence and all Tuscany. (nti'.ewish riots in 6oland. )0*& ' The .ews e1pelled from Cracow and 5ithuania. )0*- ' The .ews e1pelled from 6ortugal, 4icily, and 4ardinia. )&$# ' The .ews e1pelled from 3hodes

)&$+ ' The .ews again e1pelled from 6ortugal. )&)+ ' The first .ewish ghetto in Fenice. )&)- ' .erusalem surrenders to Ettoman 4ultan 4elim, the beginning of 0$$ years of Ettoman rule. )&0) ' The .ews e1pelled from Naples. 4uleiman the 2agnificent completes the walls around .erusalem. ' .erusalem"s ;olden ;ate is sealed to pre ent The 2essiah"s entrance. )&0% ' 2artin 5uther writes his #$$'page pamphlet, D(gainst the .ews and Their 5iesD. )&&& ' In 4pain, all copies of the .ewish 4criptures in 4panish are sei@ed and burned. ' 6ope 6aul IF forces all of the .ews in 3ome into a ghetto on the left ban< of the Tiber 3i er, surrounded by a wall, and loc<ed at night. This was the last ghetto in western /urope to be abolished, in ),0,. )&&+ ' /arth:ua<e in .erusalem. )&*% ' 6ope Clement FIII banished .ews from the Fatican 4tate. )+0, ' )$$,$$$ .ews massacred in 6oland and -$$ .ewish communities destroyed in the C<raine. )+&0 ' The first .ews come to (merica. )+-$ ' The .ews e1pelled from Brance again after Blood 5ibel charges. )-)* ' 3hode Island e1cludes .ews from oting and from holding public office. )--& ' 6ope 6ius FI issues edict to suppress the .ewish religion. )-*) ' Tsarist 3ussia confines the .ews to the D6ale of 4ettlementD between the Blac< 4ea and the Baltic 4ea. ' /mancipation of the .ews in Brance. )-*, ' Napoleon Bonaparte isits the !oly 5and. )-** ' Napoleon Bonaparte encouraged the return of the .ews to their land in 6alestine. ),%) ' .erusalem con:uered by 2ohammed (li of /gypt. ),%, ' British Consulate opened in .erusalem. ),0$ ' .erusalem again under Tur<ish control. ' In 7amascus, anti'.ewish pogroms initiated by the 3oman Catholic Branciscans. ' British foreign secretary, 5ord 6almerston, strongly recommended to the Ettoman go ernment ruling 6alestine that they should encourage the .ews of /urope to return to 6alestine. ),00 ' Birst official census confirms a .ewish maGority in .erusalem. ),&0 ' The Crimean >ar begins o er disputes regarding .erusalem.

),+) ' The =ion 4ociety is formed in Bran<furt, ;ermany. ),+)'),+& ' 7uring the (merican Ci il >ar, .ews of both North and 4outh were accused of aiding the enemy, smuggling, profiteering, and draft'dodging. ),+- ' 2ar< Twain isits 6alestine. ),-* ' The word Danti'4emitismD was coined by >ilhelm 2arr in ;ermany. 2o ing toward the 3estoration of the Nation of Israel: ),-)'),,# ' The first .ewish agricultural settlements in 6alestine. ),,)'),,0 ' 3ussian pogroms <ill tens of thousands of .ews, causing hundreds of thousands of .ews to flee. ),,)')*#0 ' #,&$$,$$$ .ews flee persecution in /astern /urope. 2any come to the C4(, some migrate to 6alestine. ),,)'),,# ' D!o e ei =ionD (5o ers of =ion) organi@ation established in 3ussia to encourage .ewish emigration to the 6romised 5and. ),,) ' /lie@er Ben Hehuda, DThe Bather of 2odern !ebrewD, mo es to 6alestine and promotes the !ebrew language. ' D!ibbat =ionD, a .ewish =ionist mo ement established. ),,# ' The Birst (liya (the !ebrew word for D(scendingD)I )#,$$$ 3ussian .ewish refugees mo e to 6alestine. ' 5eon 6ins<er publishes D(utoemancipationD, calling for the establishment of a .ewish Nation. ' The first International (nti'.ewish Congress meets in 7resden. ),,& ' Nathan Birnbaum coins the term, D=ionismD in a periodical. ),*$ ' The !ebrew 5anguage Committee is founded by /lie@er Ben Hehuda. ),*) ' E er )$,$$$ .ews e1pelled from 2oscow. ))$,$$$ .ews flee 3ussia due to persecution. ' The DBlac<stone 2emorialD: a petition presented to 6resident BenGamin !arrison by preacher >illiam /. Blac<stone and signed by 0)% prominent (mericans, including the Chief .ustice of the 4upreme Court, called for (merican support for gi ing D6alestine bac< to the .ewsD. ),*# ' )%-,$$$ .ews flee 3ussia due to persecution. ),*0'),*& ' In 6aris, .ewish army captain, (lfred 7reyfus is con icted of treason in a rigged trial, touching off a wa e of Brench anti'4emitism. The trial is co ered by a .ewish (ustrian Gournalist, Theodor !er@l, who is mo ed by it to see< a =ionist solution to anti'4emitism. ),*+ ' Bebruary )0, (ustrian Gournalist Theodor !er@l publishes DThe .ewish 4tateD, a boo< proposing a .ewish homeland in 6alestine as a solution to /uropean anti'4emitism. ),*- ' (ugust #*, The Birst =ionist Congress opens in Basel, 4wit@erland, during which Theodor !er@l writes, DToday I founded the .ewish 4tate.D ' The >orld =ionist Ergani@ation is founded and Theodor !er@l is elected it"s president. ),*, ' The 4econd =ionist Congress, during which the colors of the .ewish prayer shawl, blue stripes on white, are proposed for the =ionist flag.

),** ' The Third =ionist congress, adopts a complete constitution. )*$$ ' The Bourth =ionist Congress. )*$) ' The Bifth =ionist Congress. ' The .ewish National Bund is established to buy land in 6alestine. )*$% ' The 4i1th =ionist Congress. ' The spurious D6rotocols of the 5earned /lders of =ionD is first published in 3ussia to Gustify anti'4emitic actions. )*$%')*$+ ' 2ore anti'.ewish pogroms in 3ussia. )*$0')*)0 ' The 4econd (liyaI made up of .ews escaping pogroms in 3ussia and 6oland. )*$0 ' The death of Theodor !er@l. ' The boo< D6rotocols of the 5earned /lders of =ionD produced by 3ussian 4ecret 6olice to imply a .ewish conspiracy to rule the world. )*$& ' The 4e enth =ionist Congress. ' 2ore than 0$$ .ews are massacred in 0 days in Edessa, 3ussia. ' !enry Bord publishes his anti'.ewish beliefs in a series of newspaper articles entitled, DThe International .ewD. )*$- ' The /ighth =ionist Congress. )*$, ' The =ionist Ergani@ation opens an office in .affa. )*$* ' Tel ( i is founded, the first modern .ewish city. ' The first !ebrew !igh 4chool is formed in .erusalem. ' The Ninth =ionist Congress. ' The first 8ibbut@, 7egania, is founded on the shores of 5a<e 8innerret (The 4ea of ;alilee). )*)) ' The Tenth =ionist Congress. )*)% ' The /le enth =ionist Congress. )*)0 ' >orld >ar I starts on the *th of ( . )*)& ' The 8u 8lu1 8lan, a white supremacy organi@ation, was reorgani@ed and espoused anti' 4emitism. )*)- ' The Ettoman /mpire collapses, British rule in 6alestine begins and ;eneral (llenby enters .erusalem. ' No ember #, Britain issues the Balfour 7eclaration, endorsing a .ewish state in 6alestine. )*), ' ;eneral (llenby defeats the Tur<s at 2eggido, ending 0$$ years of Tur<ish rule in 6alestine. ' (dolph !itler, while in a sanitarium reco ering from a mustard gas poisoning, hears oices telling him that the .ews are the source of all e il. )*)*')*#% ' The Third (liyaI #$,$$$ .ewish immigrants from 3ussia and 6oland. )*)* ' (ll .ewish religious communities in 3ussia are dissol ed, their property is confiscated, most of their synagogues are closed, and the study of !ebrew is banned. )*#$ ' (dolph !itler begins using the terms, De1tirpationD, DannihilationD, and De1terminationD concerning the .ews. ' (rab (nti'.ewish massacre and rapes in the .ewish Auarter of

.erusalem. ' (t the 4an 3emo Conference in Italy, the (llied 6owers award Britain administration of the 2andate of 6alestine on the condition that the Balfour 7eclaration of )*)be implemented. )*#) ' The Twelfth =ionist Congress. ' (rabs murder and pillage .ews in .erusalem, .affa and other towns in 6alestine. ' .ewish immigration to 6alestine suspended by the British. ' (dolph !itler becomes president of the National 4ocialist (Na@i) 6arty in ;ermany. )*#) ' Britain di ides 6alestine, creating the nation of [Link] in the area east of the .ordan 3i er (--J of 6alestine). )*## ' .une %$, ( Goint resolution of the Cnited 4tates Congress endorses the concept of the .ewish national home. ' .uly #0, The 5eague of Nations confirms the Britain 2andate of 6alestine, citing the Balfour 7eclaration of )*)- in it"s preamble and includes the responsibility to help Dsecure the establishment of the .ewish national homeD in it"s articles. ' (merican colleges and medical schools limit the number of .ews admitted. )*#% ' The Thirteenth =ionist Congress. ' Britain separates the ;olan !eights from it"s 2andate and gi es it to the Brench 2andate of 4yria. )*#0')*%$ ' The Bourth (liyaI ,$,$$$ 6olish .ews immigrate to 6alestine. )*#& ' The Bourteenth =ionist Congress. !ebrew Cni ersity opens in .erusalem. )*#- ' The Bifteenth =ionist Congress. )*#* ' The 4i1teenth =ionist Congress. ' (fter )*#*, !enry Bord pro ides the finances to carry the early Na@i 6arty through it"s initial difficult years. ' (ugust #%, (rab attac< on the .ewish community in !ebron. )*%) ' The 4e enteenth =ionist Congress. )*%# ' Birst issue published of DThe 6alestine 6ostD newspaper (later called DThe .erusalem 6ostD). ' The 8ing 7a id !otel is opened in .erusalem. )*%%?%0 ' The ;erman parliament gi es full powers to (dolph !itler. )*%%')*0& ' The !olocaust. )*%%')*%* ' The Bifth (liyaI mainly from ;ermany. )*%% ' The /ighteenth =ionist Congress. ' 7achau concentration camp is opened for the confinement of DundesirablesD ' mostly .ews. )*%& ' The Nineteenth =ionist Congress. ' (dolph !itler reclassifies the .ews as DuntermenschD (sub'human), depri ing them of citi@enship. ' The Nuremberg 5aws e1clude .ews from public life, ;erman citi@enship, and certain occupations. )*%+ ' ;ermans ote in fa or of (dolph !itler by *,.,J. ' (pril )&, The D(rab 3e oltD begins )*%- ' The Twentieth =ionist Congress. ' The 6eel Commission recommends partition of 6alestine into .ewish and (rab states. )*%, ' (liya BI illegal immigration of .ews from /urope begins. ' No . *th: 8ristallnacht, DThe

Night of Bro<en ;lassD. -,$$$ .ewish shops looted, #+- synagogues burned down. )*%*')*0& ' >orld >ar Two )*%* ' 2ay )-, Britain issues the D>hite 6aperD, restricting =ionist acti ity in 6alestine, limiting future .ewish immigration to -&,$$$, and reneging on it"s promise of supporting a .ewish 4tate. ' Twenty'first =ionist Congress. ' Na@i ;ermany adopts a master plan to li:uidate all .ews in /urope. )*0) ' The ;ermans first use gas chambers at (uschwit@. ' .ews in ;erman territories re:uired to wear a yellow star for identification. )*0# ' In Berlin on .anuary #$, the establishment of the DBinal 4olutionD to e1terminate the .ews of /urope. ' En the *th of ( , the first <illings at the Treblin<a e1termination camp in 6oland. )*0& ' 7ecember #, initiation of the (rab 5eague Boycott on the .ewish community in 6alestine. ' .anuary #-, (uschwit@ 7eath Camp liberated. )*0+ ' The Twenty'second =ionist Congress. ' Thousands of Na@i war criminals flee into (rab countries, primarily /gypt and 4yria. ' .uly ##, The 8ing 7a id !otel in .erusalem bombed by the Irgun. )*0- ' Bebruary )0, Britain turns responsibility for 6alestine o er to the C.N. ' No ember #*, CN 3esolution ),) calls for partition of the land into a .ewish state and an (rab 4tate, and the internationali@ation of .erusalem. / en though their portion comprised only a small percentage of the original 2andate, and most of that was desert, it was accepted by the .ewsI but reGected by the (rabs. ' )&,$$$ 3omanians and Bulgarians ma<e (liya. The 4tate of Israel: )*0, ' 2ay )0, Britain lea es 6alestine and the .ews declare their independence, which starts the ne1t day. The Cnited 4tates is the first nation to recogni@e the new 4tate of Israel. ' )% minutes after their 7eclaration of Independence. ' The >ar of Independence starts immediately after Israel"s 7eclaration of Independence. Israel is in aded by fi e (rab nations as -&$,$$$ .ews li ing in (rab countries are forced to flee to Israel. )*0,')*&) ' ),$$$,$$$ .ews mo e to Israel, mostly from /urope and (rab countries. )*0* ' .anuary #&, 7a id Ben';urion elected 6rime 2inister in Israel"s first national election. ' Israel"s 8nesset mo es to .erusalem from Tel ( i . ' Israel declares .erusalem it"s capital. )*0*')*&$ ' Eperation 2agic Carpet brings the entire .ewish community of Hemen to Israel, numbering about 0*.$$$ people. )*&$ ' Israel"s 8nesset passes the D5aw of 3eturnD, gi ing citi@enship to any .ew in the world who mo es to Israel. ' 2ay, Eperation (li Baba begins, bringing ))%,$$$ .ews to Israel from Ira:. )*&$')*&# ' Eperation /@ra and Nehemiah brings )%$,$$$ .ews from Ira: to Israel. )*&) ' 8ing (bdullah of .ordan is assassinated on the Temple 2ount by (rab e1tremists. )*&&')*&- ' )+#,$$$ .ews come to Israel from 2orocco, Tunisia, and /gypt.

)*&+ ' The 4inai >ar, lasting )$$ hours. The .ews deported from /gypt. )*&, ' En Israel"s )$th anni ersary it has #,$$$,$$$ citi@ens. )*&,')*+$ ' #-,&$$ .ews come to Israel from 3omania. )*&* ' Ectober )$, creation of the terrorist organi@ation, Batah. )*+)')*+0 ' (nother #)&,$$$ .ews come to Israel from 2orocco and Tunisia. )*+0 ' .une #, the 6alestine 5iberation Ergani@ation (65E) founded ' % years before Israel gains the >est Ban<, east .erusalem and the ;a@a 4trip in the 4i1'7ay >ar. )*+& ' The 3oman Catholic Church e1onerates modern .ews from guilt in the murder of .esus Christ. )*+- ' The 4i1'7ay >ar (.une &')$). Israel gains control of /ast .erusalem, including the Eld City, and the ;olan !eights, the ;a@a 4trip, the 4inai 6eninsula, along with .udea and 4amaria (the D>est Ban<D). Immediately after the war, Israel offered to negotiate the return of land for peace ' but the (rab go ernments refused to tal< to them. ' Israel"s 8nesset formally anne1es /ast .erusalem, including the Eld City, into the 4tate of Israel. ' In !ebron, the tombs of (braham, Isaac, and .acob are opened to non'2uslims for the first time in -$$ years. ' In (ugust, (rab leaders gather at the 8hartoum Conference and adopt the policy of DThe Three No"sD: No peace with Israel, No negotiations with Israel, and No recognition of Israel. 'No ember ##, the CN 4ecurity Council adopts 3esolution #0#, which includes calling for (rab countries to recogni@e Israel. )*+,')*-+ ' )$$,$$$ .ews come to Israel from the 4o iet Cnion. )*+* ' Bebruary, Hassir (rafat becomes Chairman of the 65E. )*-# ' 6alestinian terrorists massacre all )) Israeli athletes at the 2unich Elympics. )*-% ' The Hom 8ippur >ar. ' Ectober ##, the CN 4ecurity Council adopts 3esolution %%,, which reaffirms 3esolution #0# and calls for negotiations between Israel, .ordan and /gypt. )*-& ' No ember )$, The CN ;eneral (ssembly declares D=ionism is 3acismD in 3esolution %%-*. )*-- ' 2ay )-, 2enachem Begin elected 6rime 2inister in Israel. ' No ember )*, /gyptian 6resident (nwar 4adat isits .erusalem. )*-, ' 4eptember )-, Camp 7a id accords signed. )*-* ' 2arch #+, Israel and /gypt sign peace treaty. )*,$ ' The 8nesset passes the Basic 5aw, [Link]: Capital of IsraelD. )*,) ' .une -, Israel destroys Ira:"s Esira: nuclear reactor. ' Ectober +, Islamic /1tremists assassinate /gyptian 6resident (nwar 4adat. )*,# ' .une +, 4tart of the 5ebanon war, DEperation 6eace for ;alileeD.

)*,0')*,& ' Eperation 2oses airlifts ,,$$$ /thiopian .ews to Israel. This operation was moti ated by the large number of /thiopian .ews who were actually wal<ing across 4udan to reach Israel. )*,- ' 4tart of the Intifada. )*,*')*** ' ,-$,$$$ 3ussian .ews immigrate to Israel as the 4o iet Cnion collapses. )**) ' Eperation 4olomon: massi e airlift of )*,$$$ .ews from /thiopia to Israel, )0,%#& of them arri ing in one day (2ay #0th). ' The CN repeals the D=ionism is 3acismD resolution %%-* from )*-&. )**% ' the Eslo 6eace (ccord. )**0 ' Ectober #+, Israel and .ordan sign peace agreement. )**& ' No ember 0th, 6rime 2inister Hit@ha< 3abin is assassinated by an Israeli e1tremist who reGects any concessions to the 6alestinians. )**- ' .une )$, C.4. Congress recogni@es .erusalem as Israel"s DCnited CapitalD. )***'#$$# ' 2ore than )$,$$$ .ews come to Israel from (rgentina. #$$$ ' 4eptember #*, start of the second Intifada. #$$0'#$$+ ' )$,$$$ .ews come to Israel from Brance as anti'4emitism flares up there. #$$0 ' Ectober )%, The 4anhedrin, a .ewish religious tribunal of -) sages, re'established in Tiberius for the first time in o er ),+$$ years, now meeting monthly in .erusalem. ' No ember )), Hassir (rafat dies in a 6aris hospital. #$$+ ' Israel now has the largest .ewish population of any nation in the world, finally surpassing the C4(. #$$- ' .uly )&')*, The first'e er international gathering of 8ohanim (6riests) and 5e ites in .erusalem ' Dthe first family reunion of the .ewish priestly dynasty in nearly #,$$$ yearsD.