Scorpion
and
System Four
SEG Y Format
November 2006
1018-010007B
Copyright
Copyright 2006 Input/Output, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Original publication date: November 2006
P/N: 1018-010007B
Contents
Chapter 1. History and Current Requirements............... 1-1
History ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Current Requirements.................................................................................................................. 1-1
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format .......................................... 2-1
Reel Identification Header Format ........................................................................................................... 2-2
Text Block ................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Binary Block................................................................................................................................ 2-3
Trace Data Block Format.......................................................................................................................... 2-6
Trace Data Block ......................................................................................................................... 2-6
Trace Identification Header ......................................................................................................... 2-8
Index ............................................................................... I-1
ii
Chapter 1. History and Current Requirements
History
The SEG Y format was published in 1975 and reflects the state of seismic
data recording at that time. The original format specified bit positions and
signal patterns for 800 bpi NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Inverted) and 1600 bpi
PE (Phase Encoded) recording formats. The original format also mentions
IBM's proposed 6250 bpi GCR (Group Coded Recording) format. Currently,
the type of media and recording technology used is not relevant to discussion
of the application specific format of data written to sequential media.
Current
Requirements
The SEG Y format allows for a collection of trace data of similar sample rate
and trace length on one tape. It specifies that all the data on one reel be from
one line. With 3D recording, it is not practical to have the restriction of all the
data on a given tape being from one receiver line. Therefore, Input/Output
Land Recording Systems do not restrict data to be from only one receiver line.
The restrictions on sample rate and trace length are also unnecessary.
However, I/Os RSR system (Transcriber 2) system currently pads or truncates traces to the same length.
I/Os Scorpion and System Four systems set the Binary Header values for
Sample Interval and Number of Samples to zero (0), where zero means variable Sample Interval and variable Number of Samples. Each Trace Header
contains the Sample Interval and the Number of Samples for that trace. This
was done to allow different record lengths and different sample intervals per
reel.
This document describes the differences between the I/O SEG Y specification and the original SEG Y specification, now referred to as SEG Y 1975
or Rev 0.
NOTE
This document does not make reference to the second SEG Y publication
by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists: SEG Y rev 1 Data Exchange
Format, SEG Technical Standards Committee, Release 1.0, May 2002.
SEG Y Format 1-1
Chapter 1. History and Current Requirements
1-2
SEG Y Format
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
The tape consists of a Reel Identification header, consisting of a 3200-byte
block of EBCDIC card image information and a 400-byte binary encoded
block. The Reel Identification header is followed by blocks of demultiplexed
trace data, consisting of a 240-byte Trace Identification header. The Trace
Identification header is followed by the Trace Data samples. As designed, free
areas were left in the both the EBCDIC and binary blocks of the Reel
Identification header and in the Trace Identification header for future
expansion.
Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 are from the original SEG Y specification. The data
on tape appears in the following order:
Table 2-1. SEG Y Demultiplexed Format
Table 2-2. SEG Y Reel Identification Header
Table 2-3. SEG Y Trace Data Block
NOTE
I/O systems write two EOF marks at the end of data instead of one.
SEG Y Format
2-1
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
Reel Identification Header Format
Text Block
The first part of the Reel Identification Header consists of 3200 bytes of
EBCDIC data, which is the equivalent of 40 data cards. The original SEG Y
specified format for this block is illustrated in Table 2-4:
Table 2-4. 3200 Byte EBCDIC Reel Header
Each card image contains the character C in the first column. By definition,
card image numbers 23 through 39 are unassigned for optional use, so the text
shown in Table 2-4 is in the specified format. Unused characters are EBCDIC
Blank.
Proper system setup by the operator is required to ensure that all fields are
populated. It is also possible to treat the entire 3200 bytes as a free form
EBCDIC text block.
2-2
SEG Y Format
Reel Identification Header Format
Starting with the RSR Transcriber 2 version 1.3.2, the EBCDIC block will be
populated in one of three ways. If there is a segyhdr.txt file in the project
directory, then the EBCDIC block will be filled with information from the
segyhdr.txt file. If there is no segyhdr.txt file but there is XTM information,
the first 6 lines of the EBCDIC block will be populated with the following
information, which comes from the XTMs Job Text packet:
Client
Prospect
Contractor
Crew ID
Location
Observer
If there is no segyhdr.txt file and there is no XTM information available for
the output data range, the EBCDIC block will be blank, except for a C in
column 1 of all 40 lines. The data will be in EBCDIC format if the data
sample format is IBM floating point or IEEE with EBCDIC option. The data
will be in ASCII format if the IEEE ASCII option is selected. Column one in
each line is uppercase C. Blank characters are used to fill the 80 character
lines.
The Scorpion and System Four EBCDIC block will be populated by information from their respective databases.
Binary Block
The binary coded section of the Reel Identification header consists of 400
bytes, of which the first 60 bytes have assigned definitions and the remaining
340 bytes are unassigned for optional use. I/O systems use 14 of the
unassigned bytes as shown in Table 2-5.
It is strongly recommended that information on the following nine entries
always be recorded:
Line number
Reel number
Number of data traces per record
Number of auxiliary traces per record
Sample interval this reel
Number of samples per trace
Data sample format
CDP fold
Measurement system
These are denoted with an asterisk in column 2 of Table 2-5. I/O systems set
many of these fields to 0 because the information is either unknown or more
appropriately documented in the Trace Identification header.
SEG Y Format
2-3
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
Table 2-5. 400 Byte Binary Reel Header
400 Byte Binary Reel Header
Bytes
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
3201-3204
Job ID number
3205-3208
Line number
3209-3212
Reel number
Same as SEG Y Specification
3213-3214
Number of data traces per record
3215-3216
Number of aux. traces per record
3217-3218
Sample interval, this reel
(in microseconds)
Same as SEG Y Specification,
(for Scorpion and System Four = 0, meaning variable)
Sample interval, original record
(in microseconds)
Same as SEG Y Specification,
(for Scorpion and System Four = 0, meaning variable)
Number of samples per data trace
(this reel)
Number of samples per data trace. Traces are padded
with zeros or truncated if necessary to match this
length. (For Scorpion and System Four = 0, meaning
variable)
Number of samples per data trace
(original record)
Number of samples per data trace. Traces are padded
with zeros or truncated if necessary to match this
length. (For Scorpion and System Four = 0, meaning
variable).
Data sample format:
1 - IBM floating point (4 bytes)
2 - fixed point (4 bytes)
3 - fixed point (2 bytes)
4 - fixed point w/gain code (4 bytes)
Add:
5 - IEEE floating point single precision (4 bytes)
3219-3220
3221-3222
3223-3224
3225-3226
3227-3228
CDP fold
3229-3230
Trace sorting code:
1 - as recorded (no sorting)
2 - CDP ensemble
3 - single fold continuous profile
4 - horizontally stacked
3231-3232
Vertical sum code:
1 - no sum
2 - two sum
....
N - N sum (N = 32767)
3233-3234
Sweep frequency at start
3235-3236
Sweep frequency at end
3237-3238
Sweep length (in milliseconds)
3239-3240
Sweep type code:
1 - linear
3 - exponential
2 - parabolic 4 - other
3241-3242
Trace number of sweep channel
3243-3244
Sweep taper length at start
(in msec)
3245-3246
Sweep taper length at end
(in msec)
2-4
Note: RSR Transcriber 2 only outputs formats: 1-IBM
and 5 - IEEE.
Scorpion and System Four only outputs format:
5 - IEEE.
SEG Y Format
Reel Identification Header Format
400 Byte Binary Reel Header
Bytes
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
3247-3248
Taper type:
1 - linear
3 - other
2 - cosine squared
3249-3250
Correlated data traces:
1 - no
2 - yes
3251-3252
Binary gain recovered:
1 - yes
2 - no
3253-3254
Amplitude recovery method:
1 - none
2 - spherical divergence
3 - AGC
4 - other
Measurement system:
1 - meters
2 - feet
Same as SEG Y Specification
3257-3268
Impulse signal polarity: Increase in
pressure or upward case movement
gives:
1 - negative number
2 - positive number
3259-3260
Vibratory polarity code:
Seismic signal lags pilot signal by:
1 - 337.5- 27.5
2 - 27.5- 67.5
3 - 67.5-112.5
4 - 112.5-157.5
5 - 157.5-202.5
6 - 202.5-247.5
7 - 247.5-292.5
8 - 292.5-337.5
3261-3262
Unassigned
RSR Data Collection Unit (DCU) Serial Number if
Tape from one DCU, 0 otherwise
3263-3264
Unassigned
Manufacturers code = 18
3265-3266
Unassigned
Format Version = 1
3255-3256
3267-3268
Unassigned
Reel Header Revision = 1
3269-3270
Unassigned
BigEndian or LittleEndian (headers and data)
0 = BigEndian
257 = LittleEndian (only a disk file option on
RSR Transcriber 2, Scorpion and System Four is
always BigEndian)
3271-3272
Unassigned
Line spacing in tenths of measurement unit.
3273-3274
Unassigned
Station spacing in tenths of measurement unit.
3275-3600
Unassigned
UNUSED
SEG Y Format
2-5
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
Trace Data Block Format
Trace Data Block
Each Trace Data block consists of a 240-byte Trace Identification header
followed by the number of data samples specified in the Reel Identification
header binary block, bytes 3221-3222. The original format allows four data
sample formats. Of these four original data sample formats defined, only IBM
4-byte floating point is supported. I/O systems allow the use of a fifth data
sample format, the IEEE floating point format. This IEEE format is also the
recommended data sample format for the RSR Transcriber 2 and the only format for Scorpion and System Four.
Data from RSR/VRSR and MRX (Miniaturized Remote Extender) boxes are
normalized to their equivalent input voltage, expressed in millivolts (mV).
The maximum millivolt value depends on the preamp K-gain used in the box.
See Table 2-6 to relate the largest and smallest possible values on tape to a
given K-gain. The preamp K-gain is stored in trace header bytes 121-122.
RSR or MRX K-gain vs. Largest and Smallest values written to SEG Y tape
RSR or MRX K-gain (dB), Bytes 121122
Largest absolute value written to tape
(mV)
Smallest absolute value written to tape,
other than zero (only LSB on)
12
2048
0.000 244 140 625 000 000
24
512
0.000 061 035 156 250 000
36
128
0.000 015 258 789 062 500
48
32
0.000 003 814 697 265 625
Table 2-6. RSR or MRX K-gain vs. Largest and Smallest Values Written
to SEG Y Tape
Data recorded by VectorSeis receivers are in acceleration, with the Least
Significant Bit (LSB) equal to 20, 40, or 160 nano (10e-9) units of Gravity
(nG), depending on setting. For the RSR Transcriber 2, using a silver bullet
version of VectorSeis, data is normalized to a maximum possible value of 1.0.
A fixed multiplier is needed to convert the normalized values back to the 20,
40, or 160 nG LSB setting as shown in Table 2-7. See trace header byte 202
for the VectorSeis receiver sensor scaling code.
2-6
SEG Y Format
Trace Data Block Format
RSR VectorSeis LSB Setting vs. Largest and Smallest values written
to SEG Y tape and multiplier to apply to return values to Gs
Least Significant
Bit (LSB) Setting value in nanoGs
Largest absolute
value written to
tape
Smallest absolute value written to tape,
other than zero (only LSB on)
Multiplier to apply to data
to get LSB setting
20
1.0
0.000 000 119 209 289 550 781 250
0.167 772 160
40
1.0
0.000 000 119 209 289 550 781 250
0.335 544 320
160
1.0
0.000 000 119 209 289 550 781 250
1.342 177 280
Table 2-7. RSR (Transcriber 2) with silver bullet VectorSeis
Multipliers to Convert Values to Gs
RSR using the current version of VectorSeis receivers, and Scorpion and System Four preserve the 20, 40, or 160 nG LSB values for VectorSeis data. No
scaling is necessary to read the data. Largest and smallest values are shown in
Table 2-8. See Trace Header byte 202 for the VectorSeis receiver scaling
code.
RSR VectorSeis (current version) Scorpion and System Four LSB Setting vs.
Largest and Smallest values written to SEG Y tape
Least Significant Bit (LSB) Setting value in nanoGs
Largest absolute value written to
tape (Gs)
Smallest absolute value written to
tape, other than zero (only LSB on)
20
0.167 772 160
0.000 000 020
40
0.335 544 320
0.000 000 040
160
1.342 177 280
0.000 000 160
Table 2-8. RSR (Transcriber 2) with current VectorSeis, Scorpion and
System Four Largest and Smallest Values Written to SEG Y Tape
Analog data from Scorpion and System Four is normalized to their equivalent
input voltage, expressed in millivolts (mV). The maximum millivolt value
depends on the preamp scale factor used in the box. See Table 2-9 to relate
the largest and smallest possible values on tape to a given gain factor. The
preamp gain factor is stored in trace header byte 202.
SEG Y Format
2-7
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
Scorpion and System Four Analog Gain Factor vs. Largest
and Smallest values written to SEG Y tape
Gain Factor
Largest absolute value written to
tape (mV)
Smallest absolute value written to
tape, other than zero (only LSB on)
2500
0.000 310 462 589 257 994
625
0.000 077 615 647 314 499
156.25
0.000 019 403 911 828 625
39.0625
0.000 004 850 977 957 156
Table 2-9. Scorpion and System Four Analog Largest and Smallest
Values Written to SEG Y Tape
Trace
Identification
Header
The original SEG Y binary coded trace header consists of 240 bytes, of which
the first 180 bytes have assigned definitions and the remaining 60 bytes are
unassigned. I/O systems use all of the remaining 60 bytes and redefine some
obsolete bytes when recording VectorSeis data.
It is strongly recommended that information on the following six entries
always be recorded:
Trace sequence number within line
Original field record number
Trace number within field record
Trace identification code
Number of samples this trace
Sample interval in microseconds
These fields are denoted with an asterisk in column two of Table 2-10 and are
described in detail in the following paragraphs.
The trace sequence number within line entry (bytes 1-4) is used to count
traces through an entire write process. A write process may span more than
one tape. In this case, the first value of trace sequence number within line
entry on Tape 2 would not start with 1 but rather with a number one greater
than the last trace sequence number within line entry from Tape 1.
The original field record number entry (bytes 9-12) equals the file number
set by the RSR Transcriber 2, Scorpion and System Four operator. The file
number can also be taken from an IMAGE SEG-D tape when merged into a
RSR Transcriber 2 project. The original field record number entry can also
equal the Shot Id for unordered data that is made directly by reading an RSR
Data Collector Unit (DCU).
The trace number within field record entry (bytes 13-16) equals the trace
number within a record (an I/O Energy Point (EP)) starting with 1.
The trace identification code entry (bytes 29-30) is the same as the original
2-8
SEG Y Format
Trace Data Block Format
SEG Y specification with the addition of code 9 as unknown Aux type and
code 62 as GPS Aux/External data.
The number of samples this trace and the sample interval in microseconds
entries (bytes 115-116 and 117-118, respectively) are the same as in the reel
binary header block for RSR Transcriber 2. For Scorpion and System Four,
only the trace header contains the correct values for each trace. The reel
header values are set to zero (0) meaning that the trace length and interval can
vary throughout the reel.
Table 2-10 shows the I/O 240 Byte Trace Header in comparison with the
original SEG Y specification.
Table 2-10. 240 Byte Trace Header Original SEG Y Spec. vs. I/O Spec.
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
Bytes
1-4
5-8
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
Trace sequence number within line
= Trace sequence number, counts through one write process.
Starting with 1.
Trace sequence number within reel
Starting with 1.
= File number for shot ordered data.
Controlled by RSR Transcriber 2 operator or value taken from
merged IMAGE SEG D file.
= Shot Id for unordered data (e.g. SEG Y from an RSR DCU)
09-12
Original field record number
13-16
Trace number within field record
= Trace number within a record (an I/O EP). Starting with 1.
17-20
Energy source point number
1 for the first event at a shot point, 2 for the 2nd, and so on. (-1)
for Stacked. For RSR Transcriber 2: (-64,-65, ) for Correlated
File (I/Os EP number).
21-24
CDP ensemble number
For Scorpion and System Four: Total number of traces within a
record (an I/O EP).
25-28
Trace number within CDP ensemble
For Scorpion and System Four: Reel/Volume number.
Trace identification code:
1 - seismic data
2 - dead
3 - dummy
4 - time break
5 - uphole
6 - sweep
7 - timing
8 - water break
9 - 32767 - optional use
9 - Unknown Aux Type
10 - Killed (data zeroed) due to VLFF
(Scorpion and System Four only)
62 - GPS Aux / External Data
63 - 32767 optional use
31-32
Number of vertically summed traces
yielding this trace
Same as SEG Y Specification
33-34
Number of horizontally summed
traces yielding this trace
35-36
Data use:
1 production 2 - test
Same as SEG Y Specification
37-40
Distance from source pt to receiver
41-44
Receiver group elevation
0 if not known
45-48
Surface elevation at source
0 if not known
29-30
SEG Y Format
2-9
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
2-10
Bytes
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
49-52
Source depth below surface
0 if not known
53-56
Datum elevation at receiver group
0 if not known
57-60
Datum elevation at source
0 if not known
61-64
Water depth at source
65-68
Water depth at group
69-70
Scale factor for previous seven
entries (power of 10 - i.e., 10^X)
0 if not known
71-72
Scale factor for next four entries
(power of 10 - i.e., 10^X)
0 if not known
73-76
Source coordinate - X
0 if not known
77-80
Source coordinate - Y
0 if not known
81-84
Group coordinate - X
0 if not known
85-88
Group coordinate - Y
0 if not known
89-90
Coordinate units:
1 - length (meters or feet)
2 - seconds of arc
0 if not known
91-92
Weathering velocity
93-94
Subweathering velocity
95-96
Uphole time at source
0 if not known or not applicable, in 0.1 msec
97-98
Uphole time at group
099-100
Source static correction
101-102
Group static correction
103-104
Total static applied
105-106
Lag time A. Time in msec between
trace ID header and time break
For Scorpion and System Four: MS word of 4 byte Time shift
for Asynchronous Time-break, in microseconds.
107-108
Lag time B. Time in msec between
time break and initiation time of
energy source
For Scorpion and System Four: LS word of 4 byte Time shift
value from System time-break for Asynchronous time-break,
units of microseconds.
109-110
Delay recording time. Time in msec
between initiation time of energy
source and time when recording of
samples begins
111-112
Mute time - start
113-114
Mute time - end
Number of samples this trace.
Same as SEG Y Specification
115-116
117-118
Sample interval in microseconds
Same as SEG Y Specification
119-120
Instrument gain type:
1 - fixed
2 - binary
3 - floating point
4 to N - optional use
121-122
Instrument gain constant
Preamp K-gain, dB (For Scorpion and System Four Analog =
0).
123-124
Instrument early or initial gain (dB)
SEG Y Format
Trace Data Block Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
125-126
Bytes
Correlated: 1 - no 2 - yes
Data Type:
0 - Raw
1 - Stacked only,
2 - Correlated before Stacked
3 - Correlated after Stacked
4 - Correlated only
5 - Raw noise edit
127-128
Sweep frequency at start
0 if not known or not applicable, in 0.1 Hz
129-130
Sweep frequency at end
0 if not known or not applicable, in 0.1 Hz
131-132
Sweep length in milliseconds
0 if not known or not applicable
133-134
Sweep type:
1 - linear
3 - exponential
2 - parabolic 4 - other
0 if not known or not applicable
135-136
Sweep taper length at start in msec
0 if not known or not applicable
137-138
Sweep taper length at end in msec
0 if not known or not applicable
139-140
Taper type:
1 - linear
2 - cosine squared
3 - other
0 if not known or not applicable
141-142
Alias filter frequency
in Hertz
143-144
Alias filter slope
in dB per octave.
For VectorSeis: minimum phase anti-alias slope = 261 dB/
octave, linear phase anti-alias slope = 260 dB/octave
145-146
Notch filter frequency
Notch #1 (0.01Hz)
147-148
Notch filter slope
Notch #1 bandwidth, % of the notch freq. in .1% units.
149-150
Low cut filter frequency
Variable low cut freq. (0.1 Hz), 0 = off
151-152
High cut filter frequency
153-154
Low cut filter slope
Variable low cut slope: 12 dB/octave, 0 = off
155-156
High cut filter slope
157-158
Year data recorded
Year data recorded, 4 digits used.
(For RSR Transcriber 2: Derived from SID)
159-160
Day of year
Day of year. (For RSR Transcriber 2: Derived from SID)
161-162
Hour of day (24 hour clock)
Hour of day (24 hour clock),
(For RSR Transcriber 2: Derived from SID)
163-164
Minute of hour
Minute of hour. (For RSR Transcriber 2: Derived from SID)
165-166
Second of minute
Second of minute. (For RSR Transcriber 2: Derived from SID)
167-168
Time basis code:
1 - local 2 - GMT 3 - other
2 - GMT
169-170
Trace weighting factor (defined as
2^-N volts for least significant bit)
171-172
Geophone group number of roll
switch position 1
For RSR Transcriber 2 VectorSeis, Windowed Data Start Time,
in sample counts
173-174
Geophone group number of trace
number one in original record
For RSR Transcriber 2 VectorSeis, Windowed Data Length, in
sample counts
SEG Y Format 2-11
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
Bytes
2-12
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
175-176
Geophone group number of last trace
in original record
For RSR Transcriber 2 VectorSeis,
Byte 175: MS byte and
Byte 176: Mid byte of the 3 byte Windowed Data RMS value
(Offset value removed). (For units, see byte 202 and Table 2-7
or Table 2-8).
177-178
Gap size
For RSR Transcriber 2 VectorSeis,
Byte 177: LS byte of the 3 byte Windowed Data RMS value
(Offset value removed).
Byte 178: MS byte of the 3 byte Windowed Data Offset value.
(For units, see byte 202 & Table 2-7 or Table 2-8).
179-180
Overtravel associated with taper
1 - down
2 - up
For RSR Transcriber 2 VectorSeis,
Byte 179: Mid byte and
Byte 180: LS byte of the 3 byte Windowed Data Offset value.
(For units, see byte 202 & Table 2-7 or Table 2-8).
181-182
Unassigned
Revision number of this trace header. Starting with RSR Transcriber 2 version 1.6.5, the Trace Header Revision Number will
be the version number of the Transcriber 2 application software,
e.g. 165. For Scorpion and System Four (release 1.0 and up),
the Trace Header Revision number starts at 500.
183-186
Unassigned
Shot ID (SID - unique number that identifies shot)
187
Unassigned
Aux channel signal description (0 if seismic data)
Also Aux channel order on tape.
08(h) Master Clock Timebreak
09(h) Master Confirmation Timebreak
0A(h) Slave Clock Timebreak
0B(h) Slave Confirmation Timebreak
0C(h) Analog Uphole
0E(h) Digital Uphole
10(h) Waterbreak
14(h) User Specified #1
18(h) User Specified #2
1C(h) User Specified #3
20(h) Unfiltered Pilot
24(h) Filtered Pilot
28(h) User Specified #4
2C(h) User Specified #5
30(h) User Specified #6
31(h) Vibrator Reference
32(h) Vibrator Out
33(h) Vibrator User
34(h) User Specified #7
38(h) User Specified #8
3C(h) User Specified #9
3D(h) Aux channel from I/O Image System
3E(h) GPS Aux / External Data
3F(h) unused channel
188
Unassigned
Aux. channel ID from RSR (0-63). This number uniquely
identifies an Auxiliary channel across the system. When used
with a source, this number uniquely identifies this source within
a source set controlled by one shooter ID. Zero value for seismic data.
SEG Y Format
Trace Data Block Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
189-192
Bytes
Unassigned
Shotpoint line in hundredths
193-196
Unassigned
Shotpoint station in hundredths
197-198
Unassigned
Receiver line
199-200
Unassigned
Receiver station, or for RSR Transcriber 2: source EP number
when trace is a correlated Aux.
201
Unassigned
Vector Seis Receiver Type (VSMT): VSM (silver bullet
version) = 18, SVSM (current version) = 21
202
Unassigned
VSMT sensor scaling code in hex:
2, 4, 5, 7, 16 or 17: 20 nG LSB
0, 1, or 6:
40 nG LSB
3:
160 nG LSB (Strong Motion Mode)
128:
Invalid for SVSM, (scaling set to 40 ng).
For Scorpion and System Four Analog: gain factor.
203-204
Unassigned
VSMT horizontal orientation angle, numbers are in 0.0001
radians.
205-206
Unassigned
VSMT VOA - Vertical Orientation Angle, numbers are in
0.0001 radians.
207
Unassigned
Source type: (from XTM)
0: LatId
1: DynamiteId
2: VibratorId
3: AirGunId
4: WaterGunId
5: WeightDropId
6: OtherId
7: MixedSourcesId
8: NoSourceId (8 is used if unknown).
9: TestOscId
10: ImpulsiveId
208
Unassigned
Sensor type: (SEG D Rev 2)
0: Unknown Sensor type unknown
1: Hydrophone
2: Geo-Vertical Geophone, Marshphone or Z
3: Geo-Horiz Inline
Geophone - X
4: Geo-Horiz Cross-Line Geophone - Y
5: Geo-Horiz Other
6: Acc-Vert - Z
7: Acc-Horiz Inline - X
8: Acc-Horiz Cross-line - Y
9: Acc-Horiz Other
SEG Y Format 2-13
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
Bytes
2-14
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
209
Unassigned
Auxiliary Channel Set Type:
00(h) Unused channel
02(h) Timebreak
03(h) Uphole
04(h) Waterbreak
05(h) Time Counter
06(h) External Data
07(h) Other
08(h) Unfiltered Pilot
09(h) Filtered Pilot
0A(h) Special #1
0B(h) Special #2
0D(h) Special #3
0E(h) Special #4
0F(h) Special #5
FA(h) Reserved (Transcriber 2 only)
210
Unassigned
Noise edit type:
None = 0 Burst = 1 Diversity = 2 Both = 3
211-212
Unassigned
Noise edit gate length in ms. Burst edit gate length if type 1,
Diversity gate length if type 2 or type 3.
213
Unassigned
Device type: MRX = 7, RSR = 9, VRSR (silver bullet version) = 17, VRSR (current version) = 20,
AuxUNIT-1C = 23, DUNIT-3C = 25, Analog-1C = 29
214-216
Unassigned
Device serial number
217
Unassigned
Device channel number
218
Unassigned
For RSR Transcriber 2: Auxiliary Channel Source set ID.
For Scorpion and System Four: Sim Unit Vib ID (1-255).
219
Unassigned
Device Status Bits:
Bit 0 = Analog A/D Overscale
Bit 1 = Analog A/D Overflow, for VectorSeis with Scorpion or
System Four: set when VOA could not be calculated due
to error
Bit 2 = Analog Preamp Overscale or SVSM Sensor Overscale
Bit 3 = VectorSeis VLFF error
Bit 4 = Invalid Receiver Line/Station (RSR Transcriber 2 only)
Bit 5 = Trace was Zero filled (RSR Transcriber 2 only)
Bit 6 = Battery improperly removed (RSR Transcriber 2 only)
Bit 7 = For Scorpion and System Four & RSR Transcriber 2
VectorSeis: Dynamic Offset Filter mode, 0 = Static
SEG Y Format
Trace Data Block Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
Bytes
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
220
Unassigned
LAT test type and codes:
1 Calibrate K-Gain
2 SEG Pulse
3 User Pulse
4 Box Common Mode Rejection
5 Box Crossfeed
6 HPE Performance
7 Dynamic Range
8 Shot Noise
9 Long Noise
10 Signal Level Dist.
11 Attenuator Accuracy
12 Signal Dep. Noise
13 Harmonic Dist.
14 Cable Comm. Mode Rejection
15 Cable Crossfeed
16 Ohming Seis Group
17 Geophone Response
18 Spread Noise
19 Geophone Pulse
20 Amplifier Accuracy
21 Sine Wave Internal
22 Vertical Orientation
23 Digital Telemetry Test
24 VSMT sensor Loop-Back Test
25 Seismic Channel DC Offset
26 Reserved
27 Common Mode Imbalance Leakage
221-222
Unassigned
Fixed low cut frequency: on = 3.0 Hz (units = 0.1 Hz), 0 = off
223
Unassigned
Fixed low cut slope: on = 12 dB (units = dB/octave), 0 = off
224
Unassigned
Box function:
0 - Seis
1 - Auxiliary
2 - Aux source (Aux-D)
6 - Aux pilot (Aux-P)
225-226
Unassigned
For RSR, Notch #2 frequency (0.01Hz).
For VRSR,
Byte 225: MS byte &
Byte 226: Mid byte, of the 3 byte Maximum Absolute Amplitude value in trace. (For units, see byte 202 & Table 2-7 or
Table 2-8).
227-228
Unassigned
For RSR, Notch #2 bandwidth, % of the notch freq in .1% units.
For VRSR,
Byte 227: LS byte of Maximum Absolute Amplitude.
Byte 228: MS byte of the 3 byte Filter Offset value. (For units,
see byte 202 & Table 2-7 or Table 2-8).
229-230
Unassigned
For RSR, Notch #3 frequency (0.01Hz).
For VRSR,
Byte 229: Mid byte &
Byte 230: LS byte of Filter Offset value. (For units, see byte
202 & Table 2-7 or Table 2-8).
SEG Y Format 2-15
Chapter 2. Blocks in Format
240 Byte Trace Header
Original SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification
Bytes
2-16
SEG Y Specification
I/O Specification
231-232
Unassigned
For RSR, Notch #3 bandwidth, % of the notch freq in .1% units.
For VRSR, VSMT ASIC Build Date, Week/Year. Year 0 =
1999, 1 = 2000, 2 = 2001...
233
Unassigned
Event type:
00(h) for a zeroed or truncated trace
40(h) LAT data Raw Trace
80(h) Seis Data normal, Raw
88(h) Seis Data normal, Stack
90(h) Seis Data normal, Correlated
A0(h) Seis Data test, Raw
A8(h) Seis Data test, Stack
B0(h) Seis Data test, Correlated
234
Unassigned
Sensor type ID
00(h) No sensor defined.
01(h) Geophone 1 component vertical
02(h) Marshphone
03(h) Hydrophone
04(h) Aux.
05(h) Geophone - 3C Horizontal, X - In-line
06(h) Geophone - 3C Horizontal, Y - Cross-line
07(h) Geophone - 3C Vertical, Z
08(h) 0B(h) reserved
0C(h) Accelerometer - 3C Horizontal, X - In-line
0D(h) Accelerometer - 3C Horizontal, Y - Cross-line
0E(h) Accelerometer - 3C Vertical, Z
235-237
Unassigned
VSMT serial number
238
Unassigned
VSMT version number
239
Unassigned
VSMT revision number
240
Unassigned
Data Modified flags
Bit 0 = VRSR static offset removed
Bit 1 = VOR Applied
Bit 2 = RSR Phase Adjusted Pilot (to match VectorSeis data), or
Correlated Seis or Correlated Aux produced from RSR
Phase Adjusted Pilot
Bit 3 = Reserved
Bit 4 = All data zeroed due to VLFF (Scorpion and System Four
VectorSeis only) or partial data zeroed due to missing packets
(Scorpion and System Four only)
Bit 5 = Time shift applied for Asynchronous
Time-break (Scorpion and System Four only)
Bit 6 = Reserved
Bit 7 = Reserved
SEG Y Format
Index
Numerics
240 byte Trace Header 2-9
3200 byte EBCDIC Reel Header 2-2
3D recording 1-1
400 byte Binary Reel Header 2-4
A
Analog-1C Gain Factor 2-8
B
bit positions 1-1
D
Data Collector Unit (DCU) 2-8
E
EBCDIC
Blank 2-2
block 2-3
data 2-2
format 2-3
text block 2-2
Energy Point (EP) 2-8
G
GCR (Group Coded Recording) format 1-1
GPS Aux/External data 2-9
I
IBM
4-byte floating point 2-6
floating point 2-3
IEEE
ASCII 2-3
floating point 2-6
with EBCDIC 2-3
J
Job Text packet 2-3
K
K-gain 2-6
L
Least Significant Bit (LSB) 2-6
M
MRX (Miniaturized Remote Extender) boxes 2-6
MRX K-gain 2-6
N
NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Inverted) recording format 1-1
number of samples
this trace 2-9
SEG Y Format
I-1
O
original field record number 2-8
P
PE (Phase Encoded) recording format 1-1
R
Reel Header
400 byte Binary 2-4
Reel Identification header 2-1, 2-6
Rev 0 1-1
RSR 1-1, 2-6
RSR (Remote Seismic Recorder) boxes 2-6
S
sample interval
in microseconds 2-9
SEG Y
1975 1-1
Current Requirements 1-1
current requirements 1-1
differences with original 1-1
History 1-1
published 1-1
specification 1-1
SEG Y format 1-1
SEG Y Specification vs. I/O Specification 2-9
segyhdr.txt file 2-3
sensor scaling code 2-6
signal patterns 1-1
Society of Exploration Geophysicists 1-1
T
Text Block 2-2
Trace
Data Block 2-6
Identification code 2-8
Identification header 2-1, 2-3, 2-6
number within field record 2-8
sequence number within line 2-8
Trace Header
240 byte 2-9
Transcriber 2 1-1, 2-3, 2-6
V
VectorSeis 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-11, 2-12
VRSR 2-7
VRSR LSB Setting 2-7
X
XTM information 2-3
I-2
SEG Y Format
12300 Parc Crest Drive
Stafford, TX 77477
USA
Tel +1.281.552.3002
Fax +1.281.879.3626
www.i-o.com
