APPENDIX P.

3
Breeding Bird Survey

2008 Breeding Bird Study of Big Galloo Island,

Jefferson County, NY
October 2008

Prepared for:
Upstate New York Power Corp.
950-A Union Road, Ste. 20
West Seneca, NY 14224-3454

Prepared by:
William R. Evans
Old Bird, Inc.
605 W. State St.
Ithaca, NY 14850
(607) 272-1786
admin@[Link]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Point counts
Transects and incidental observations
Crepuscular surveys for nightjars, owls, & secretive wetland species
NYS listed species detected during breeding bird study
Weather conditions during point count surveys

6
6
7
8
8

Discussion

Conclusion

11

Literature cited

12

Appendix A
Breeding or possible breeding species found during the 2008 breeding
bird study on Big Galloo Island (includes species distribution maps)

13

Appendix B
Late spring migrants detected during first point count survey.

77

Appendix C
Observations of nonbreeding birds (& likely not in active migration).

78

Appendix D
Species nesting on Little Galloo.

79

Appendix E
80
Survey date, start time, and number of species documented on 176 point
counts at 90 points (1-84 turbine sites; 90-97 wooded swamp sites). Also
indicated are wind speed (Beaufort scale), sky cover (tenths of 100%), and
surveyor initials.
Appendix F
Latitude and longitude of breeding bird survey point count sites

84

Summary
A breeding bird study was carried out on Big Galloo Island, Jefferson County, NY in
spring/summer 2008. The study involved 176 10-minute point counts at 84 proposed
turbine sites and 8 sites not proposed for turbine siting.
In addition to the point counts, specific habitats/areas of the island were targeted for bird
surveys. These additional surveys included walking transects, targeted listening for
nightjars and owls during the early to mid-evening hours, and tape playback and listening
sessions for secretive wetland birds in three wetland areas on the island.
The primary surveys for this study were performed over the following dates: May 28June 1 and June 25-27. Additional observations were made on June 5-6, June 12-13, June
18-19, July 1-2, July 17-18, July 25, August 5-6, and August 21-22.
In the two primary survey periods (May 28-Jun 1 and June 25-27), 123 species of birds
were documented by point counts, transects, and incidental observations. Of these, 80
species were documented to be breeders or were exhibiting breeding-like behavior
(intention to breed on the island). The other species were late spring migrants or
apparently nonbreeding visitors to the island. Five additional visits to the island between
or after the point count surveys did not turn up any new bird species (June 5-6, June 1213, June 18-19, July 1-2, July 17-18).
The breeding birdlife on Big Galloo Island is dominated by common species such as
American Robin, Eurasian Starling, Yellow Warbler and House Wren generally similar
to the composition of common breeding species on the mainland. However, the relative
abundance of common species on Big Galloo is different than that found in nearby
mainland studies. The reason for this is likely the habitat differences between sites, with
the mainland study sites having more agricultural lands.
NYS listed species detected in this Big Galloo breeding bird study include three species
listed as Threatened (Northern Harrier, Upland Sandpiper, Bald Eagle) and five species
listed as Special Concern (Common Loon, American Bittern, Coopers Hawk, Common
Nighthawk, Whip-poor-will). In addition, the Black-billed Cuckoo, Bobolink, and
Canada Warbler are included on the USFWSs 2002 Birds of Conservation Concern list
for the Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain region, which includes Big Galloo Island.
All the NYS listed species were documented only as a single individual or a pair of birds
(except N. Harrier, 3 birds). This was also the case with the species on the 2002 Birds of
Conservation Concern list except Bobolink, with which there were an estimated 6-10
pairs nesting in the northern grassland region of the island that is cultivated for hay.
Several of the listed species observed were not documented breeding on Big Galloo but
were migrants passing through or nonbreeding visitors (i.e., C. Loon, N. Harrier, Bald
Eagle, C. Nighthawk, and Whip-poor-will).
No Federally listed birds were documented in the 2008 Big Galloo breeding bird survey.
The Bald Eagle is protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the
Migratory Bird Treaty Protection Act protects all but four species documented during this
study (Mute Swan, Wild Turkey, Rock Dove, and Eurasian Starling).
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

Introduction
This report presents results from a 2008 breeding bird study on Big Galloo Island,
Town of Hounsfield, NY. The study was part of the SEQRA and Article VII review
processes for the proposed Hounsfield wind energy project on Big Galloo. Breeding bird
studies are regularly carried out at proposed wind energy projects. The objective is to
collect baseline breeding species data that can be compared to similar data collected after
construction to determine what impact the project has. Such information can then be used
to support mitigation measures for specific species if necessary. Regional examples of
such studies can be found for the proposed wind projects on Wolfe Island, ON
([Link]) and Cape Vincent, NY ([Link]), both
within 20 km of Big Galloo Island.
Big Galloo Island is a 2000-acre island 40 km west of Watertown, NY and 20 km
west of Sackets Harbor, NY (Fig.1). The pre-settlement habitat of the island was likely
dominated by mixed forest with some smaller grassland and open wetland areas. The
islands bird life was presumably similar to the species composition that frequented such
habitat on the mainland. After human settlement in the early 1800s, logging, agriculture,
and livestock activities altered the original vegetation structure and associated avifauna.
In the last few decades, invasive plant species (e.g., Pale Swallow-wort Cynanchum
rossicum) have radically changed the ground cover of the island and, in all likelihood, the
bird diversity and numbers.

Fig. 1. Location of Big Galloo Island in the northeastern Lake Ontario region.

The island has been privately owned for more than 100 years except for two small
parcels currently held by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
(NYDEC). No prior records of bird life on the island are known except those documented
during several surveys carried out by NYDEC personnel for the New York State
Breeding Bird Atlas project (New York State Breeding Bird Atlas 1988, 2008). These
surveys apparently only involved the small NYDEC land holdings.
The goal of this 2008 breeding bird study on Big Galloo Island was to accurately
survey the species composition and relative abundance of the islands bird life. Special
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

attention was given to documenting the presence of secretive and rare birds, including
those listed as threatened, endangered, or of special concern by the NYDEC.

Methods
The protocol for the 2008 breeding bird study on Big Galloo was developed in
conjunction with feedback from the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYDEC) in mid-November 2007 and was formally stated when the preconstruction bird and bat scope of work for the project was finalized in March 2008 (Old
Bird, Inc. 2008). That protocol, with some augmentation, is as follows.
The study protocol involved point counts following United States Geological
Service (USGS) Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) guidelines, however 10-minute, instead of
3-minute, survey periods were used. The original survey plan called for two rounds of
point counts at all 84 proposed turbine sites, with one survey occurring earlier and one
later in the breeding season. The proposed dates for these surveys in the original scope of
work were modified so that all points in each survey round would be surveyed in closer
temporal proximity to one another -- the specific dates were also adjusted to correspond
with good climatic conditions for carrying out the surveys.
Point count sites were flagged based on lat/long information provided by
Amercan Consulting Professionals of NY using a Garmin Colorado 400 series GPS.
Accuracy appeared to be consistently within +/- 10 m. All point counts were surveyed
once in the period May 28 through June 1 and a second time in the period June 25-27
(referred to hereafter as the first and second survey periods). Besides the point counts at
turbine sites, eight additional point counts were established in two wooded swamps on
the island that are not proposed for turbine siting. One is the large wooded swamp in the
south-central part of the island (Fig.2). Six points in this swamp (90-95) were established
and surveyed in the first survey period. Two additional point counts were established in a
smaller wooded swamp south of the north bay (Fig.2). These were surveyed in the second
survey period.

Fig. 2. Breeding bird survey point count sites (numbered red dots) and
major landmarks referred to in this report.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

All point count surveys were carried out by a single surveyor. The point count
surveyors were D. Daniel Boone, Barbara Dowell, and William Evans (director of Old
Bird, Inc.). Mr. Evans is a noted expert on bird sound identification and has point count
experience in central New York working with Dr. Charles R. Smith (Cornell University).
Mr. Boone and Ms. Dowell are biologists, formerly with the USGSs Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center. They have worked closely with Dr. Chandler Robbins (USGS) for the
past 30 years and have extensive experience conducting point counts.
Point counts were conducted during the first five hours after sunrise. All birds
identified by sight or sounds at each survey point were recorded. Weather conditions
were noted, including wind speed (Beaufort scale) and surf noise, both of which
potentially can limit the range of bird sound detection.
In addition to point counts, specific habitats/areas of the island were targeted for
bird surveys. These additional surveys included walking transects, targeted listening for
nightjars and owls during the early to mid-evening hours, and tape playback and listening
sessions for secretive wetland birds in three wetland areas on the island. The nightjar and
owl listening sessions were made at periodic stops (~ every 400 m) around the islands
perimeter road. Wetland listening sessions were made in the early evening and included
playback of Virginia Rail, Sora Rail, and Least Bittern calls. All-night audio recordings
were made at the southern marsh May 29 and the northern pond on May 30 in hopes of
detecting vocalizations of secretive marsh birds.
Eight additional bird survey visits to the island were made during the breeding
season June 5-6, June 12-13, June 18-19, July 1-2, July 17-18, July 25, August 5-6, and
August 21-22. These visits included general bird observations, habitat-targeted surveys,
crepuscular surveys for nightjars & owls (evenings of June 5, July 17), and targeted
searches in the grassland areas for juvenile Northern Harriers, juvenile Upland
Sandpipers, Sedge Wrens, and Henslows Sparrows.

Results
In the two primary survey periods (May 28-Jun 1 and June 25-27), 123 species of
birds were documented on Big Galloo Island via point counts, transects, and incidental
observations. Of these, 80 species were documented to be breeders or were exhibiting
behavior indicating an intention to breed on the island (Appendix A); 30 species were
presumed to be late spring migrants and were seen only in the first survey period
(Appendix B); seven species likely did not nest or attempt to nest on Big Galloo but were
just feeding in its vicinity or flying over the island, though not likely in active migration
(Appendix C); four species are established nesters on Little Galloo Island and were
regularly seen flying over Big Galloo (Appendix D); and extralimital observations of two
species were made in the first study period (Snowy Egret Egretta thula and Iceland Gull,
presumably Larus glaucoides kumlieni).
Five additional visits to the island between or after the point count surveys did not
turn up any new bird species (June 5-6, June 12-13, June 18-19, July 1-2, July 17-18).
Of the 80 species documented to be breeders or found exhibiting breeding
behavior, 31 were documented by no more than two breeding pairs (or two territorial
males). These 31 species are listed in italics in the list at the beginning of Appendix A.
Outside of this breeding bird survey, a Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus
was netted and photographed by North East Ecological Services during their bat survey
work in the third week of June (S. Reynolds, pers. comm. w/photo of owl). This bird was
netted on the northwest side of the main trail around the island, southwest of the north
bay and likely is an additional species breeding or attempting to breed on the island.
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY
5

Point counts
A total of 176 point counts were performed during the two survey periods. 121
species were documented in these surveys. Data for 80 breeding or suspected breeding
species discovered in these point count surveys are included in Appendix A -- an account
of the nonbreeders & late spring migrants is in Appendices B-D. Table 1 shows the top
ten species by number of point count sites where they were detected. For data on the
number of point counts that other species were detected, see Appendix A.
Table 1. Species detected at the most point
counts in either the first (90 total) or second
survey * (86 total).
# point counts
American Robin
74
Eurasian Starling
71
Yellow Warbler
70
House Wren
68*
Song Sparrow
68*
Baltimore Oriole
58*
Eastern Kingbird
51
Brown-headed Cowbird
48
Red-winged Blackbird
47
Common Grackle
30

Survey dates for each point count, their start time and duration, and the number of
species identified at each can be found in Appendix E. All point counts were 10 minutes
in duration. All occurred over 10 consecutive minutes, except point 8 on June 26, when
light rain led to an 8 minute hiatus in the middle of the survey.
The number of species documented at each point count is indicated in Appendix
E. Because of late migrants in the first survey, points with the most species do not
indicate points with the most breeding species. In general, points where the most species
were tallied were located along the central portion of the northwest side of the island
(between the perimeter road and the shoreline) and near the south portion of the northern
grassland area - where grassland habitat adjoined moist woodlands.
Transects and incidental observations
Fig. 3 shows targeted transect routes that were conducted during the point count
survey periods. In addition, many of the point counts in the interior of the island were
carried out on foot and this resulted in substantial surveys of the habitat between point
counts (these survey routes are also indicated in Fig. 3). While these transect surveys
documented much additional bird information, only two additional resident species were
found the Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda (in the grasslands at the
southwestern end of the island) and the American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus (in the
north pond and vicinity).

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

Fig. 3. 2008 breeding bird survey point count sites (numbered red dots) along with
transects that were walked by a surveyor (yellow lines) during the point count
surveys or in habitat-targeted surveys.

Crepuscular surveys for nightjars & owls and secretive wetland species
Crepuscular surveys for nightjars, owls, and secretive wetland species were
carried out each evening during the two point count survey periods and during the
evenings of June 5 & July 17. Common Nighthawks Chordeiles minor were seen in
several areas of the island on May 30th, but since none were seen on later dates these
individuals were presumed to be late migrants. A Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus
vociferous was seen at dusk on May 28th near the main lodge but none were heard
vocalizing during eight crepuscular surveys around the island from May 28-July 17. Five
of these nights had only light winds making for excellent auditory survey conditions. An
injured adult Whip-poor-will was found on the northwestern portion of the autoloop in
mid-August.
The Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus was the only owl documented during
nocturnal listening surveys on eight nights from late May through mid-July. At least two
pairs successfully rear young. One pair frequented the large wooded swamp in the center
of the island. A second family group was regularly heard in the south-central portion of
the island.
Virginia Rails Rallus limicola were documented vocalizing on the early evening
of May 27th at the western end of the north pond. These birds were quite vocal through
the breeding season. Playback of Virginia Rail calls in the early evenings at several
locations around the south marsh did not elicit Virginia Rail vocalizations. The Sora
Porzana carolina did not respond to playback of its calls at either the south marsh or
north pond. However, one individual was heard vocalizing at the north end of the south
marsh during a point count survey (point 18) in late June.
An American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus was quite vocal from the north pond
during crepuscular surveys in late May. No vocalizations of this species were detected
from the south marsh after playback of its song there in late May and early June.
Playback of Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis song did not elicit a response in either
the north pond or south marsh during late May and early June. Least Bittern flight calls
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY
7

from presumed migrant birds were detected on several occasions by the avian acoustic
study during spring migration (Old Bird, Inc., in prep).
The Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus was not detected during crepuscular
surveys at either the south marsh or north pond. However, flight calls of presumed
migrant birds of this species were detected on several occasions by the avian acoustic
study during spring migration (Old Bird, Inc., in prep).
A group of up to five adult Black-crowned Night-Herons Nycticorax nycticorax
were present on the island through the breeding season. While no nest site was
documented, these birds were seen at dusk on several occasions arising from a roost on
the southwest side of the north pond. Individuals were seen flying over much of the
island at dusk or dawn, and at least one juvenile bird was seen roosting in trees along Gill
Harbor in late July.
The all night audio recordings at the south marsh and north pond in late May did
not reveal any interesting marsh birds. After the dusk period, these wetlands were quiet
through the night.
Listed species detected during breeding bird study
No Federally listed birds were documented in the 2008 Big Galloo breeding bird
survey. The Bald Eagle is protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the
Migratory Bird Treaty Protection Act protects all but four species documented during this
study (Mute Swan, Wild Turkey, Rock Dove, and Eurasian Starling). The following
species detected in this study are listed in New York State:
Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus (NYS:Threatened)
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus (NYS: Threatened)
Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda (NYS: Threatened)
Common Loon Gavia immer (NYS: Special Concern)
American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus (NYS: Special Concern)
Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii (NYS: Special Concern)
Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor (NYS: Special Concern)
Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus (NYS: Special Concern)
Weather conditions during point count surveys
The dates for the point count surveys were chosen for conditions when weather
would not include moderate or heavy rain or strong winds. Wind and surf noise did
impact the range at which species could be detected. Wind noise in the trees tended to get
worse as the morning progressed and surf noise was an impediment for hearing bird
vocalizations at points close to the shoreline this was especially true along the southern
third of the northwestern side of the island.
Weather information for each point count survey date is indicated in Appendix E.
The following is a weather summary for each survey date:
May 28 - Clear, 45-55 F, winds N 5-10 mph
May 29 Clear, mid-50s F, winds W 5-20 mph
May 30 Partly cloudy, 45-55 F, winds SE 5-10 mph
June 1 - Mostly cloudy, 55-60 F, winds NW 5-20 mph
June 25 Mostly clear, 65-75 F, winds SW 5-10 mph
June 26 100% cloudy, occasional light rain, 55-65, winds S 10-15 mph.
June 27 Partly cloudy, 65-75 F, winds SW 10-20 mph
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

Discussion
This 2008 breeding bird survey on Big Galloo Island is one of the most thorough
breeding bird studies at any proposed wind energy project (>30 MW) carried out so far in
the North America. Within NY, it is the first that has included point count surveys at
every proposed turbine site as well as two 10-minute survey periods per point. Inspecting
the distribution map (p. 17) for a common species like American Robin, one sees a
graphical representation of a 100-m radius plotted for most points, however the survey
range for many species in this study was at least a 200-m radius. When one considers
this, along with the fact the most of the surveys were carried out on foot walking between
point counts (with surveyors noting interesting species), and the fact that foot transects
covered areas of the island that are not proposed for wind turbine siting, it is apparent that
over 90% of the land area of the island, and hence the proposed wind project, was
surveyed for birds.
In addition, the island location (5 km from the nearest substantial terrestrial
habitat Stony Island) leads to a more accurate sample of the birds that might be
impacted by a wind energy project because there are no unsurveyed landbird populations
directly adjacent to the project area. For example, the breeding bird survey (BBS) at the
Maple Ridge wind energy project (~70 km east-southeast of Big Galloo) tallied Northern
Harriers within its study area (Kerlinger & Dowdell 2003, 2008), but there is no way to
know whether these were birds that bred within the wind project area or whether they
were breeding/residing in areas adjacent to the wind project. The latter populations would
not likely be accurately surveyed in the typically short breeding bird survey period. Note:
the regular diurnal transit between Big Galloo and the mainland or nearby islands in our
survey appeared to be limited to a few species (e.g., Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias,
Northern Harrier, American Crow Corvus brachyrynchos, Common Raven Corvus
corax) and with very low frequency.
The results of this first breeding bird study of Big Galloo Island did not reveal any
unexpected species and they are more notable for what species were not found rather than
for the species that were found. The presence of the New York State threatened Upland
Sandpiper and Northern Harrier is of interest, but these species had been documented in
prior surveys on the island for the New York State Breeding Bird Atlas. The fact that no
more that one pair of these species was documented in the 2008 surveys is notable, given
the extensive grasslands on the island.
The presence of the secretive marsh bird species American Bittern, Virginia Rail,
and Sora is of interest, but only one family group or one individual of these species was
documented, in this case likely due to the lack of marshland habitat on the island.
The fact that 31 of the 80 suspected breeding species documented were only
found in small numbers (two pairs; less than four individuals) suggests that the base
population of breeding birds on Big Galloo is only 49 species with 31+ additional species
that may or may not have an annual breeding presence on the island. Other species that
one might expect to find on Big Galloo (but werent in this 2008 survey) may in some
years have a small breeding (or attempted breeding) presence on the island. This might
include species like Green Heron, Whip-poor-will, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Veery,
Ovenbird, Black-and-white Warbler, Grasshopper Sparrow, Vesper Sparrow, Swamp
Sparrow. However, the large number of snakes on the island may be a serious
impediment for successful colonization of small ground-nesting birds (e.g., Grasshopper
Sparrow, Vesper Sparrow, Ovenbird), which are fairly common breeders on the mainland
adjacent to the island.
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

The common breeding species on Big Galloo are generally the same as the
common species documented in nearby breeding bird studies on the mainland, however
the relative abundances of these common species on Big Galloo are different than those
found in the Watertown BBS (Sauer et al. 2008), St. Lawrence Wind BBS (Kerns et al.
2007), the Wolfe Island BBS (Stantec Consulting 2007), and the Maple Ridge BBS
(Kerlinger & Dowdell 2003, 2008). The primary reason for this difference appears to be
the greater proportion of agricultural land in the mainland sites. For example, grassland
birds such as Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus and Savannah Sparrow Passerculus
sandwichensis are much more common in these mainland BBSs whereas Big Galloo
appears to have higher numbers of species preferring mixed grassland and woodland like
Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus, Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia, House Wren
Troglodytes aedon, and Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula.
With regard to NY listed birds, this 2008 breeding bird study suggests that the
construction and operation of the proposed wind energy project on Big Galloo Island
might potentially impact one nesting pair of Upland Sandpipers (NYS: Threatened), one
potential nesting pair of Northern Harrier (NYS: Threatened), and a few young
nonbreeding Bald Eagles (NYS: Threatened).
Small numbers of five species listed in NYS as Special Concern might also
potentially be impacted: Common Loon, American Bittern, Coopers Hawk, Common
Nighthawk, and Whip-poor-will. In addition, small numbers of the Black-billed Cuckoo
Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Bobolink, and Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis could be
affected. These latter species are included on the US Fish & Wildlife Services 2002
Birds of Conservation Concern list for the Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain region
(USFWS 2002), which includes Big Galloo Island.
The mid-August discovery of an injured Whip-poor-will in an area of suitable
breeding habitat is of interest. The date of this discovery is potentially on the early end of
the fall migration period for the species. It is not known whether this record represents an
early fall migrant, a wandering bird, or perhaps a representative of a small breeding
population that was undetected on the island. If only a few individuals over summer on
Big Galloo, they may not be stimulated to call much and therefore may not be detected in
auditory crepuscular surveys. If the species is a breeder on the island, it is either not (or
rarely) vocal or only present in small numbers.
Weather conditions on Big Galloo tend to be windy and limit the range of
acoustic bird surveys. While several of the mornings in which this bird survey was
conducted had substantial wind and surf noise, and therefore limited acoustic survey
capabilities at some point counts, the bulk of the point counts and transect surveys in this
study were carried out under good bird survey conditions.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

10

Conclusion
This report presents results from an intensive breeding bird survey carried out on
Big Galloo Island, Jefferson County, NY in spring/summer 2008. The breeding species
encountered on Galloo Island are for the most part common birds. No endangered species
were identified. Observations of two NYS threatened species (Northern Harrier, Upland
Sandpiper) and two NYS species of special concern (American Bittern and Cooper's
Hawk) suggest these species may each have one nesting pair ( or pair that attempted
nesting) on the island. One other NYS threatened species (Bald Eagle) and three other
NYS special concern species (Common Loon, Common Nighthawk, & Whip-poor-will)
were noted during the study period but the evidence does not indicate these species
nested on the island in 2008. They were likely either late migrants or nonbreeding
visitors.
The results of this study provide a comprehensive resource for assessing the
potential impact of the proposed Hounsfield wind energy project on Big Galloo's
breeding birds and may function as baseline data from which to assess the wind project's
actual breeding bird impact.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

11

Literature cited
The Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State. 1988. Andrle, R.F., Carroll, J.R. (Eds.)
Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 551 pp. [Online version available at
<[Link]
The Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State. 2008 (in press). McGowan, K.J.,
Corwin, K. (Eds.) Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. [Online version available at
<[Link]
Kerlinger, P.A. & Dowdell, J. 2003. Breeding Bird Survey for the Flat Rock Wind Power
Project, Lewis County, New York. Prepared for Atlantic Renewable Energy Corp.
Kerlinger, P.A. & Dowdell, J. 2008. Effects of Wind Turbines on Grassland/Hayfield
Nesting Songbirds at the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Lewis County, NY. Prepared
for PPM and Horizon Wind Energy.
Kerns, J.J. et al. 2007. Avian and Bat Studies for the Proposed St. Lawrence Windpower
Project, Jefferson County, New York. Prepared for St. Lawrence Windpower, LLC.
[Link]
Sauer, J.R., J.E. Hines, & J. Fallon. 2008. The North American Breeding Bird Survey,
Results and Analysis 1966 - 2007. Version 5.15.2008. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research
Center, Laurel, MD. [Link]
Stantec Consulting. 2007. Wolfe Island Environmental Review Report. Prepared for
Canadian Renewable Energy Corp. [Online version available at:
<[Link]
es/AppendixC5_BirdReport.pdf>]
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Birds of conservation concern 2002. Division of
Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 99 pp. [Online version available at
<[Link]

Acknowledgements
Many thanks go to Rick & Roxanne Hartman and Rob Kemper of the Galloo Island
Corporation for coordinating transportation to and from Galloo Island and for facilitating
this study on the island. Very special thanks go to Dan Boone and Barbara Dowell for
their camaraderie and help with this bird survey, and for Dans work in designing and
preparing the species maps for this report.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

12

Appendix A Breeding or possible breeding species found during the 2008 breeding
bird study on Big Galloo Island, Jefferson County, NY (listed in alphabetical order;
italics indicate species documented by only two pairs of birds or less (< four
individuals).
American Bittern
American Goldfinch
American Kestrel
American Robin
American Woodcock
Baltimore Oriole
Barn Swallow
Bank Swallow
Belted Kingfisher
Black-billed Cuckoo
Black-capped Chickadee
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Blue Jay
Bobolink
Brown Creeper
Brown Thrasher
Brown-headed Cowbird
Canada Goose
Canada Warbler
Cedar Waxwing
Chipping Sparrow
Clay-colored Sparrow
Cliff Swallow
Common Grackle
Common Merganser
Common Raven
Common Snipe
Common Yellowthroat
Coopers Hawk
Downy Woodpecker
Eastern Bluebird
Eastern Kingbird
Eastern Meadowlark
Eastern Phoebe
Eastern Towhee
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Eurasian Starling
Field Sparrow
Gadwall
Golden-crowned Kinglet

Great Crested Flycatcher

Great Horned Owl
Gray Catbird
Hairy Woodpecker
House Finch
House Wren
Indigo Bunting
Least Flycatcher
Mallard
Mourning Dove
Northern Flicker
Northern Harrier
Northern Mockingbird
Pileated Woodpecker
Purple Finch
Purple Martin
Red-eyed Vireo
Red-tailed Hawk
Red-winged Blackbird
Rock Dove
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Rough-winged Swallow
Savannah Sparrow
Scarlet Tanager
Song Sparrow
Sora
Spotted Sandpiper
Tree Swallow
Upland Sandpiper
Virginia Rail
Warbling Vireo
White-breasted Nuthatch
Wild Turkey
Willow flycatcher
Winter Wren
Wood Duck
Wood Thrush
Yellow Warbler
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-rumped Warbler

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

13

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus

Not detected during point count surveys. An individual was calling vociferously from the
south end of the north pond in the early evenings on May 27 & 28. An individual was
flushed from a small wetland between points 75 and 78 on June 27. This species was not
detected in habitat-targeted surveys of the south marsh during either survey period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

14

American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis

Fairly common. Map only shows detections from the second survey period because the
species is a late nester. Found on 22/90 points in the first survey; 19/86 in the second
survey.
Number of American Goldfinch found per point count.
Point count #

10

14

17

Survey 1

4
2

43

46

47

Survey 2
Point count #

40

Survey 1

Survey 2
75

Survey 1

21

Point count #
Survey 2

42

20

78

80

23

2
56
1

77

22

26

29

2
66

68

70

71

58

59

64

65

30

35

36

37

38

39

72

73

74

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

15

American Kestrel Falco sparverious

Nest locations were found in the vicinity of points 20, 29, & 65. Individuals were
regularly noted within 0.5 km of these sites.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

16

American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla

Breeding in only a few sites. Most common in the large wooded swamp in the center of
the island (e.g., points 90, 91, 92, 94). The point counts in this swamp were only
surveyed during the first study period but transect work confirmed the species fairly
common in this area during the second survey period. Some detections during the first
survey may have migrant birds (e.g., points 7,10,11) as the species is a late migrant and
no redstarts were found in this area during the second survey. Also found breeding in the
wooded hillside between turbine sites 72 & 74.
Number of American Redstarts detected at point counts each survey.
Point count #

10

11

Survey 1

Survey 2

30

61

71

75

77

90

91

92

94

96

ND

American Woodcock Scolopax minor

Common nester throughout the wooded portions of the island. Not detected during point
count surveys but was frequently flushed while walking to points and during transect
surveys. Several nests with eggs were found on the surveys in late May. It seemed as if,
in late May, peenting birds could be heard from any location on the island at dusk.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

17

American Robin Turdus migratorious

Common and widespread breeder. Found 73/90 point counts in first survey; 67/86 point
counts in second survey.
Number of American Robins found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

21

22

Survey 1

23

Survey 2

Point count #

38

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

11

12

13

14

15

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

16

17

18

2
2

34

35

36

37

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

10

58

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Point count #

55

56

57

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

74

Survey 1

Survey 2

24

1
4
73

75

76

77

78

80

81

82

83

84

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND ND

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

18

Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula

Common and widespread breeder. Found on 53/90 point counts in the first survey; 58/86
in the second survey.
Number of Baltimore Orioles found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

1
25

Point count #

23

24

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

42

43

44

Survey 1

10

12

13

14

18

19

20

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

49

50

51

52

53

1
45

46

47

48

Point count #

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

67

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

81

82

90

91

92

93

94

95

97

Survey 1

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

16

26

Survey 2

Survey 2

15

21

22

2
40

36

37

38

54

55

56

57

58

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

80

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

19

Bank Swallow Riparia riparia

Not documented breeding but 50+ individuals were found roosting in the north bay
during the first study period. These may have been late migrants. A few flyover
individuals were noted during the second survey period.

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

Flyovers were detected regularly across the island in both point count surveys. This
species bred in the buildings associated with the main lodge, the old coast guard
boathouse, and the building at the north end of the north bay. Observations suggested
breeding also may have occurred along the islands northwest-facing cliff.

Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon

Not documented on any point counts, but seen flying along the shoreline on numerous
occasions between point 68 and 61.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

20

Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Noted on two point counts in the first survey but these were considered potential
migrants. Habitat-targeted surveys documented this species on three separate occasions
during the second survey period, all from the same vicinity in the northern region of the
island.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

21

Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapilla

Found fairly commonly across the wooded portions of the island. Found on 16/90 point
counts in first survey; 13/86 in second survey.
Number of Black-capped Chickadees found per point count.
Point count #

11

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #
Survey 1
Survey 2

21

23

55

24

29

30

31

1
2

34

37

38

39

40

46

57

59

60

61

63

71

73

75

90

94

96

97

ND

ND

ND

ND

51

52

56

50

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

Documented in flight on several point counts in both survey periods. Up to five adults
were noted roosting in the trees on the west side of the south end of the north pond.
Individuals were also noted roosting during the day in trees along Gill Harbor.
Individuals regularly were seen flying to the south marsh and toward smaller wetlands
along the west side of the island. An individual juvenile bird was first noted in late July
and then on several occasions in August. No nest site was found but it seems likely the
species bred on the island.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

22

Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata

Fairly common in the wooded regions of the island. Found on 28/90 point counts in first
survey; 22/86 in second survey.
Number of Blue Jays found per point count.
Point count #

10

Survey 1

Survey 2
Point count #

39

12

13

15

20

22

23

27

48

50

52

54

55

41

44

46

47

Survey 1
Survey 2

Point count #

71

73

74

76

92

95

Survey 1

Survey 2

ND

ND

29

31

32

33

34

35

57

61

62

36

37

38

12

64

70

1
56
2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

63
1

1
1

23

Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Limited to a small population in the cultivated fields at the north end of the island, though
note the individual siting at point 3 in the second survey. Found on 6/90 point counts in
the first survey and 7/86 in the second survey.
Number of Bobolinks found per point count.
Point count #

74

75

78

79

80

82

Survey 1

Survey 2

83
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

24

Brown Creeper Certhia americana

Detected at a few sites in the wooded interior of the island. Two of these sites (94 & 95)
were not covered in the second survey and the species may have been less vocal at that
time.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

25

Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum

Fairly common throughout the open wooded areas the island. Found on 23/90 point
counts in the first survey; 15/86 point counts in the second survey.
Number of Brown Thrashers found per point count.
Point count #

10

11

14

15

16

Survey 1

17

Survey 2

21

Point count #

37

Survey 1

Survey 2

18

38

39

41

49

2
1

50

54

2
1

23

1
55

59

27

28

29

32

1
62
1

63

33

34

36

76

79

64

70

72

73

74

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

1
1

26

Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater

Common and widespread; notably more widely distributed in first survey. Found on
48/90 point counts in first survey; 33/86 in second survey.
Number of Brown-headed Cowbirds found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

10

Survey 2

Point count #

27

28

31

Survey 1

1
55

Survey 2
Point count #

52

53

54

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

73

74

76

Survey 1

Survey 2

11

12

32

33
1

13

16

17

18

19

34

35

36

37

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

90

91

92

94

96

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

1
78

15

79

83

4
1

84
1

39

41

43

20

21

22

44

46

23

24

47

48

50

65

66

70

71

72

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

27

Canada Goose Branta canadensis

Breeding was confirmed in the south marsh, north pond, and the large wooded swamp in
the islands interior. Map only shows detections in first point count survey.

Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis

Not documented at any proposed turbine sites. An individual was found singing in the
large wooded swamp in the center of the island (point 93) during the first survey period
and at the same location during a habitat-targeted survey on June 5.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

28

Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum

Fairly common in the wooded regions. Found on 11/86 point counts in the second survey.
First point count survey detections are not noted on map because the species is a late
nester.
Number of Cedar Waxwings found per point count.
Point count #

14

21

22

24

38

42

58

73

75

77

84

Survey 2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

29

Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina

Found fairly commonly throughout the open wooded areas of the island. Found on 20/90
point counts in first survey; 28/86 point counts in second survey.
Number of Chipping Sparrows found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2
Point count #

41

Survey 1

Survey 2

14

15

17

19

20

21

1
3

49

54

1
56

58

59

69

1
1

22

23

26

1
1

70

71

72

27

31

33

34

1
74

2
76

77

35
1

37

38

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

30

Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida

A singing bird was found at point 11 in the second point count survey. A singing bird was
also documented in a habitat-targeted survey near point 21 on June 5, however this bird
could not be relocated in later searches.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

31

Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

A large breeding colony of 50+ birds was present on the north cliffs near point 58.
Another smaller breeding colony occurred on the north cliffs somewhere in the vicinity
of points 23 and 35. Incidental observations of breeding also were noted at the main
lodge and associated buildings, the old coast guard boat house, and the house on the north
side of the north bay. Individual foraging birds were noted over other parts of the island
during both surveys.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

32

Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula

Fairly common. Only detections in the first round are indicated on the map because the
species is a relatively early breeder. Found at 30/90 point counts in the first survey; 22/86
in the second survey.
Number of Common Grackles found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2
Point count #

10

10

36

40

41

42

45

48

Survey 2

Point count #

76

78

Survey 1

Survey 1

Survey 2

80
5

14

16

17

21

23

61

66

67

70

72

53

58

60
5

10

10

10

84

90

92

93

94

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

82

83

4
4

31

35

73

75

52

81

30

2
10

95

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

33

Common Merganser Mergus Merganser

Individual adult female birds were regularly seen flying over the island (just above tree
tops & often vocalizing) during the first round of point count surveys. Females with large
broods of young were seen swimming in the water just offshore. This species appears to
be the most common species of breeding waterfowl on the island, followed by Canada
Goose.

Common Raven Corvus corax

One pair nested, likely along the northwestern side of the island, and fledged three young.
This family group was seen together throughout the island during the breeding bird study
period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

34

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

Fairly common. Found on 15/90 point counts in the first survey; 11/86 in the second
survey.
Number of Common Snipe found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2
59

Survey 1

60
1

14

17

Point count #
Survey 2

70

74

1
1

78

90
1

ND

ND

19

21

26

27

28

30

2
2

31

33

38

42
1

91

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

35

Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas

Uncommon breeder. Found on 15/90 in the first point count survey; 14/86 in the second
point count survey. Only detections in the second survey are shown on the map because
the species was still in migration during the first survey period.
Number of Common Yellowthroats found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2
Point count #

10

14

18

21

1
50

51

2
55

Survey 1
Survey 2

23

56

59

2
2

1
76

77

25
1

27
1

29

30

32

33

34

39

43

44

Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperi

An adult male was seen hunting around the barns associated with the lodge at dusk on
two evenings in the second point count survey period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

36

Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens

Uncommon breeder. Found on 7/90 point counts in the first survey; 8/86 in the second
survey.
Number of Downy Woodpeckers found per point count.
Point count #

10

Survey 1

Survey 2

23

34

37

46

47

52

57

1
1

66

67

76

1
1

90

91

ND

ND

ND

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

94

37

Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis

Uncommon breeder. Noted during transects in first survey period but not at point counts.
Found on five point counts in the second survey.
Number of Eastern Bluebirds found per point count.
Point count #

21

24

33

34

50

Survey 1
Survey 2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

38

Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus

Common breeder throughout the island except the densely forested interior. Found on
51/90 point counts in the first survey; 48/86 in the second survey.
Number of Eastern Kingbirds found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

25

27

28

11

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

29

30

32

Point count #

21

22

23

24

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

41

42

44

46

47

48

50

51

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

68

Survey 1
Survey 2

69
2

2
70
4
1

71
1

1
72

74

76
1

34

52

53

56

58

77

1
35

78
1

1
79

37

38

60

62

65

66

67

80

36

2
1

1
2

33

1
75

81
2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

1
82
2

2
83

39

84

39

Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna

Fairly common in open grassland areas. Found on 11/90 point counts in the first survey;
11/86 in the second survey.
Number of Eastern Meadowlarks found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1
Survey 2

15

18

20

2
1

21

26

1
2

27

67

74

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

78
2

79

83

40

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe

Only documented at one turbine site (point 80), but was found nesting at the main lodge
and the house at the east end of the north bay.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

41

Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Fairly common in the open wooded areas of the island. Found on 16/90 point counts in
first survey; 19/86 in second survey.
Number of Eastern Towhees found per point count.
Point count #

11

Survey 1

24

Survey 2

Point count #

54

56

57

Survey 1

Survey 2

25

30

31

33

34

35

37

59

62

63

64

71

77

1
1

38

2
1

39

44

45

47

48

49

50
2

1
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

42

Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens

Fairly common in the woodlands. Map only shows detections found during the second
point count survey. Found on 20/90 point counts in first survey, however migration for
this species was still underway then. Found on 28/86 on the second survey.
Number of Eastern Wood-Pewees found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

11

15

20

38

Survey 1

39

40

43

44

45

22

23

24

28

30

Point count #

71

74

75

76

77

Survey 1

Survey 2

32

46

47

49

50

51

52

56

Survey 2

31

1
1

33

34

35

58

63

64

65

36

1
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

43

Eurasian Starling Sturnus vulgaris

Very common breeder. Map only shows detections from first point count survey.
Found on 71/90 point counts in the first survey; 30/86 in the second survey (in which
flocking was noted).
Number of Eurasian Starlings found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 2

15

Point count #

20

21

22

23

Survey 1

42

44

45

46

47

48

50

51

52

25

3
66

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

11

24

26

27

41

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

Point count #

60

61

62

63

64

65

Survey 1

50
79

Survey 1
Survey 2

100

28

15

16

17

18

10

15

29

30

31

32

34

35

36

37

39

10

20

53

54

55

56

57

58

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

50

25

50

20

80

81

82

90

91

92

93

94

95

25

14

40

Point count #

13

11

Point count #

Survey 2

12

96

97

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

44

Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla

Fairly common in the open wooded regions of the island. Found on 14/90 point counts in
the first survey; 19/86 in the second survey.
Number of Field Sparrows found per point count.
Point count #

11

14

15

20

Survey 1

74

76

Survey 2

Point count #

56

59

70

Survey 1

Survey 2

21
1

22
1

24
2

25
1

33

34

37

38

45

50

54

55

3
1

1
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

45

Gadwall Anas strepera

One pair successfully nested in the north pond between points 73 and 83. Detected from
point 83 in the first survey and in targeted surveys of the north pond. A few Gadwalls
were seen along the shoreline at the south and north ends of the island during the second
survey period.

Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa

One bird was found at point 96 on the first survey, well after the normal spring migration
period for the species

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

46

Gray Catbird Dumatella carolinensis

Uncommon breeder. Found on 6/90 point counts in the first survey; 14/86 in the second
survey.
Number of Gray Catbirds found per point count.
Point count #

10

Survey 1
Survey 2

11

12

13

14
1

32
1

39
1

52
1

53
1

58

63

64

73

74

75

77

80

1
2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

47

Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus

Fairly common in the wooded areas of the island. Found on 14/90 point counts in the first
survey; 16/86 in the second survey.
Number of Great Crested Flycatchers found per point count.
Point count #

12

21

28

33

34

35

36

37

39

Survey 1
Survey 2

Point count #

64

70

75

76

95

Survey 1

Survey 2

43
1

96

97

48
1

49
1

50

54

55

57

62

Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus

This was the only owl species documented during nocturnal listening surveys on eight
nights from late May through mid-July. At least two pairs appeared to successfully rear
young. At least one pair frequented the large wooded swamp in the center of the island. A
second family group was regularly heard in the south-central portion of the island. A
dead individual (no apparent cause of death) was found during the first point count
survey period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

48

Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus

Detected on both surveys at a few sites in the wooded interior of the island.
Number of Hairy Woodpeckers found per point count.
Point count #

43

51

94
1

ND

ND

Survey 1
Survey 2

95

House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus

Individual flyovers were documented on two occasions during the second point count
survey.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

49

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Very common breeder across the island. Found on 59/90 point counts in the first survey;
68/86 in the second survey.
Number of House Wrens found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2
Point count #

23

Survey 1

10

11

12

13

14

15

17

18

19

20

21

36

37

38

39

40

24

25

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

22

Survey 2

Point count #

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

Survey 1

65

66

67

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

Survey 2
Point count #

58

59

62

63

64

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

79

81

91

92

94

95

96

97

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Survey 1
Survey 2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

50

Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea

Detected during both point count surveys at only a few sites on the island.
Number of Indigo Buntings found per point count.
Point count #

27

Survey 1
Survey 2

33

56

77

1
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Killdeer Charadrius vociferous

Common breeder along the main road around the island where it traverses grasslands,
also in other grassland areas with exposed limestone flats. Found on 23/90 point counts in
the first survey; 19/86 in the second survey.
Number of Killdeers found per point count.
Point count #

11

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

28

50

58

65

67

Survey 1
Survey 2

13

14

15

16

17

3
68

69

70

72

73

74

18

20

1
79

2
2

80
1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

21

23

26

27

84
4
2

52

Least Flycatcher Empiodonax minimus

Found at a few locations during the first survey period, however some or all of these
could have been late migrants. One bird was found in a transect 0.4 km south of point 5
on June 24.

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

Two mallards were noted in the north pond on several occasions during the late May
surveys.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

53

Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura

Fairly common breeder across the open wooded areas of the island. Note the broader
distribution during the second point count survey. Found on 22/90 point counts in the
first survey; 34/86 in the second survey.
Number of Mourning Doves found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1
Survey 2

Point count #

33

Survey 1

10

11

14

15

2
34

35

37

Survey 2

Point count #

66

67

Survey 1
Survey 2

16

18

21

24

25

27

28

29

30

31

32

59

61

62

65

1
1

41

42

46

47

48

50

51

54

55

57

70

71

72

74

17

78

83

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus

Fairly common throughout the island. Found on 13/90 point counts in the first survey;
14/86 in the second survey.
Number of Northern Flickers found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

11

Survey 2

Point count #

46

47

48

Survey 1

13

14

17

1
1

18

21

23

24

28

29

31

32

33

1
1

35

40

1
1

Survey 2

53

71

76

77

94

ND

1
1

Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus

A male and two females were regularly seen hunting in the grassland areas of the island
from May 27-July 25, including many point counts in the grassland areas. On two
occasions, once in the first survey and once in the second survey, an individual female
harrier was seen flying from Big Galloo Island to Stony Island. No evidence of nesting
was found and no juvenile birds were seen on the island in three August grassland
surveys that targeted this species.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos

Sighted at five point counts and noted in other survey work during both surveys. May
have been a single wandering bird.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus

A single bird was documented at one point count in each survey period. An individual
bird was also seen during habitat-targeted transect work and fresh chiseling was noted at
various locations in the wooded interior of the island.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus

An individual bird was detected at two point counts in the first survey and one in the
second survey. An individual was also noted on several occasions in transect work.

Purple Martin Progne subis

20+ individuals were noted during the first survey period, but only one was documented
in the second survey period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Fairly common in the wooded areas. This is a vociferous species, easily detectable by
song. The notably more point count detections in the first survey may represent late
migrant individuals. Found on 20/90 point counts in the first survey; 14/86 in the second
survey.
Number of Red-eyed Vireos found per point count.
Point count #

11

19

20

30

34

37

Survey 1

67

71

74

75

Survey 2

Point count #

56

59

Survey 1

Survey 2

63
1

38

39

45

77

91

93

96

46

47

49

50

51

52

Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis

One nesting pair was documented on the island during point counts and other survey,
with a nest near point 20. At least one other individual, possibly another nesting pair,
frequented the north-central portion of the island.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus

Common breeder around the perimeter of the island and in proximity to inland areas with
water. Found on 47/90 point counts in the first survey. Map only shows first survey
detections as the species is a relatively early breeder.
Number of Red-winged Blackbirds found per point count.
Point count #

10

15

16

17

18

22

23

Survey 1

20

10

20

10

Survey 2

20

10

Point count #

27

28

29

35

36

40

41

42

46

47

52

56

58

60

61

10

20

79

80

81

10

12

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

Point count #

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

20

Point count #

90

91

93

94

Survey 1

Survey 2

ND

ND

ND

ND

75
1

78
10

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

26
5
10

64

65

30

82

83

84

20

10

20

20

20

25

60

Rock Dove Columba livia

An estimated 40-50 individuals inhabitated the island during the 2008 breeding season,
with nesting occurring in the garages associated with the lodge and the old coast guard
station.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus

Uncommon in forested regions of the island. Found on 8/90 point counts in the first
survey; 4/86 in the second survey.
Number of Rose-breasted Grosbeaks found per point count.
Point count #

19

30

Survey 1

Survey 2

33
1

43
1

44

71

77

93

94

95

96

97

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis

Flyovers were detected regularly across the island at point counts in both surveys.
Observations during point counts and targeted surveys suggested breeding throughout the
cliffed-perimeter of the island.
Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis

A singing bird was documented at point 80 during the first survey. Habitat-target surveys
found a single individual near point 80 during the second survey.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea

Found on one point count in the first survey period and one individual was seen in
habitat-targeted transects during both surveys.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia

Common breeder across the island except the densely wooded interior. Found on 53/90
point counts in the first survey; 68/86 in the second survey.
Number of Song Sparrows found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

18

19

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #
Survey 1

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

38

39

40

41

42

46

47

50

Survey 2

Point count #

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

83

84

Survey 1

Survey 2

10

11

12

13

14

16

17

34

35

36

57

58

59

60

61

77

78

79

80

81

82

27

28

29

32

33

51

52

53

55

75

76

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

15
2

64

Sora Porzana carolina

One individual was heard calling in the south marsh from point 18 during the second
survey period.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia

Common breeder along the shoreline of the island.
Number of Spotted Sandpipers found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

1
1

16

1
1

22

23

26

58

60

61

80

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor

Flyovers were detected regularly across the island in both point count surveys.
Observations at 18/90 point counts in the first survey period were potentially breeding
birds. Young had fledged by the second survey period.
Number of Tree Swallows found per point count in first survey.
Point count #

12

33

35

39

46

47

50

55

57

58

59

64

84

90

91

94

95

Survey 1

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda

Not detected during the first or second point count surveys. One bird was discovered
during a habitat-targeted survey near point 3 on June 26. Two birds were observed
roosting on old telephone poles near point 2 on June 27 and June 28. One bird was giving
wolf whistle calls. Single birds were seen in the vicinity of points 2 and 3 during
targeted surveys on July 1, 18, and 25. No young birds were observed. Targeted surveys
in the fields at the north end of the island did not detect this species.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Virginia Rail Rallus limicola

Not found during either point count survey but detected during habitat-targeted surveys
(including response to audio playback) at the north pond. First noted in the early evening
of May 27 and then on every other survey of that pond through July 18. Young were
observed on July 1 at the west end of the north pond. Targeted surveys of the south marsh
(including audio playback) did not reveal this species there.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus

Fairly common in open wooded regions, generally around the perimeter of the island.
Found on 15/90 point counts in the first survey; 8/86 in the second survey.
Number of Warbling Vireos found per point count.
Point count #

10

14

17

18

21

53

58

60

65

70

Survey 1

Survey 2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

75
1

80

81

82
1

70

White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis

Scarce. Noted on only five point counts in both surveys (only one in the first survey).

Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo

Not a focus of the surveys because the species has been managed on the island. At least
20 adult birds were seen with numerous groups of poults seen in the northern half of the
island in June and July.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii

Males detected singing from the north pond and south marsh. Cluster of point count
detections (9, 10, 16, 18) at the south end all refer to the population in the south marsh.
All point counts detected single birds except 16 in which two individuals were singing.
Targeted searches also noted two males singing in the south marsh.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes

Singing individuals noted from a few locations in the wooded interior of the island.

Wood Duck Aix sponsa

Not found on any point counts, but individual birds were seen at the north pond in late
May during habitat-targeted surveys.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

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Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina

Uncommon. Individuals heard singing from a few locations in the wooded interior. The
same two individuals were detected singing at points 44 and 45.
Number of Wood Thrushes found per point count.
Point count #

19

40

Survey 1

Survey 2

44
2

45

48

71

74

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

74

Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia

Common breeder across the island except a portion of the interior. Note that the cluster of
detections in the center of the island from only the first survey is due to the fact that six
of those points (90-95) were only surveyed in the first survey. Found on 70/90 point
counts in the first survey; 66/86 in the second survey.
Number of Yellow Warblers found per point count.
Point count #

Survey 1

Survey 2

Point count #

18

Survey 1

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Survey 2

Point count #

36

37

39

40

41

Survey 1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
5

26

27

28

29

30

32

33

34

35

42

45

46

47

50

51

52

53

56

58

59

60

Survey 2

Point count #

61

63

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

Survey 1

84

90

91

92

93

94

95

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Survey 2
Point count #

80

81

82

83

Survey 1

Survey 2

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

75

Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata

A single bird was found at point 23 during the second point count survey.

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

76

Appendix B. Late spring migrants detected during first point count survey.
Brant Branta bernicla
Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula
Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
Red Knot Calidris canutus
Dunlin Calidris alpina
Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla
Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus
Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris
Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis
Veery Catharus fuscescens
Swainsons Thrush Catharus ustulatus
Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus
American Pipit Anthus rubescens
Northern Parula Parula americana
Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata
Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina
Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia
Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens
Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca
Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens
Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata
Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis
Wilsons Warbler Wilsonia pusilla
Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus

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77

Appendix C. Observations of nonbreeding birds that were likely not in active

migration (see also appendix D).
Common Loon Gavia immer
Up to four individuals were seen in the waters just offshore Galloo Island in late
May. Two individuals were seen flying together over the island at 30-40 m agl in
early June. No evidence of breeding noted.

Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias

Two individuals were regularly seen feeding in the north pond and in transit to
and from Stony Island (late May though mid-July). No evidence of breeding on
Big Galloo was noted.

Mute Swan Cygnus olor

Two individuals were seen swimming in the north bay in late May. No evidence
of breeding on Big Galloo was noted.

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus

A subadult bird (2nd or 3rd year bird) was observed flying along the southeast
shoreline of Big Galloo in late June. A different subadult (1st year bird) was seen
on several occasions in July (one time roosting on a tree in the islands southern
interior).

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Up to six individuals were documented soaring over Big Galloo during the period
from late May through mid-July. This included one very distinctive leucistic
individual (tan colored) that was seen through this period. No evidence of
breeding was noted.

American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos

Two individuals were seen flying together around the island during the late May
point count survey period. None were seen in the second point count survey
period and no evidence of breeding was found.

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78

Appendix D. Species nesting on Little Galloo (note: more detail on the movments of
these species over Big Galloo Island will be presented in the bird movement study
being carried out by Old Bird, Inc.).

Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus

From late May through mid-July, this species was commonly seen flying along
the shoreline and across the island. NYDEC estimated 2,492 nests of this species
on Little Galloo Island in 2008.

Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis

From late May through mid-July, this species was seen very commonly flying
along the shoreline of the island and across the island. NYDEC estimated 37,465
nests of this species on Little Galloo Island in 2008.

Herring Gull Larus argentatus

From late May through mid-July, this species was seen fairly common flying
along the shoreline of the island and occasionally seen flying across the island.
There are historical records of this species nesting (2 nests) on the northern
shoreline of Big Galloo (Chip Weseloh, Canadian Wildlife Service, pers. comm.).
No Herring Gull nests were noted in the 2008 breeding bird study on Big Galloo,
but no shoreline surveys by boat were carried out. NYDEC estimated 375 nests of
this species on Little Galloo Island in 2008.

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia

Seen flying over island during many point count surveys. In most cases birds were
returning to Little Galloo Island carrying small fish. Regularly seen during point
count surveys flying along the shoreline. Seen regularly feeding in the north pond.
NYDEC estimated 1376 nests of this species on Little Galloo Island in 2008.

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79

Appendix E. Survey date, start time, and number of species documented on

176 point counts at 90 points (1-84 turbine sites; 90-97 wooded swamp sites).
Also indicated are wind speed (Beaufort scale), sky cover (tenths of 100%),
and surveyor initials.
site #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

date
28-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
30-May
30-May
30-May
28-May
28-May
30-May
30-May
29-May
29-May
28-May
28-May
29-May
29-May

start time # species

1001
14
0948
10
0930
13
0558
16
1017
10
1002
11
0622
25
0824
13
0915
14
0805
21
0640
22
0945
10
0930
8
0605
14
0705
23
0859
11
0838
14
0745
19
0700
13
0728
20
0623
15
0915
12
0900
18
0638
18
0720
8
0819
11
0644
16
0800
16
0724
15
0555
15
0610
14
0629
11
0755
16
0700
18
0844
21
0825
12
0715
19
0822
12
0857
16
0836
12
0657
14
0642
13
0920
4
0812
10

wind
1
1
2-3
1
1-2
1-2
1
2-3
1
1-2
1
1
2
1-2
1
1
1-2
1-2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-2
1
1-2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-2
2-3
2-3
1-2
1
2-3
1-2

sky
0
0
0
0
0
0
0-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0-1
0-1
0
0
0
0
0
0-1
0
0
0-1
0-1
0
0-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0-1
0
0
0-1
0-1
0
0
0
0
0
0

surveyor
BD
BD
BD
DB
BE
BE
DB
DB
BD
DB
DB
BE
BE
BD
DB
BD
BD
DB
BE
DB
BD
BE
BE
BD
BE
BD
BE
BD
BD
BE
BE
BE
BE
BD
BE
BE
BD
BE
BE
BE
BD
BD
BE
BE

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80

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
90
91
92
93
94
95

29-May
28-May
28-May
29-May
29-May
30-May
29-May
28-May
28-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
1-Jun
28-May
30-May
29-May
29-May
1-Jun
29-May
29-May
29-May
28-May
28-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
29-May
28-May
28-May
28-May
28-May
28-May
28-May

0754
0805
0744
0628
0941
0734
0610
0715
0655
0554
0653
0819
0606
0635
0735
0700
0636
0625
0904
1013
0935
0608
0625
0922
0609
0625
0725
0553
0559
0644
0700
0744
0801
0845
0900
0823
0800
0742
0725
0612
0655
0735
0800
0905
0925
0948

5
16
17
7
4
20
8
13
13
13
8
16
22
22
18
13
12
18
16
9
13
13
16
9
15
25
26
16
13
24
21
17
16
9
12
15
14
12
13
12
16
17
17
12
18
15

2-4
1
1-2
3
3
1
2
1-2
1-2
2-3
2-4
4-6
4-5
1-2
1-2
5
4-5
4-5
4-6
3
4-5
2-3
2-3
5
4-5
5
4
4
4
4-5
2-4
4-6
4-5
5
4-5
5
4-5
5
5
3-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
3
2-4
2-4

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
BD
BE
BE
BE
BE
BE
DB
DB
BE
BE
BD
BD
DB
DB
BE
DB
BD
BD
BD
DB
DB
DB
DB
BD
DB
DB
DB
DB
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB

81

site #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

date
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
27-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
27-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun

start time # species

0525
11
0545
15
0608
15
0747
8
0535
14
0552
10
0730
8
0452
11
0630
14
0518
8
0712
9
0616
7
0640
15
0802
13
0651
11
0645
13
0700
13
0537
10
0610
4
0631
12
0744
21
0704
15
0720
26
0727
19
0838
11
0715
14
0605
15
0735
19
0723
12
0659
10
0642
10
0622
12
0800
19
0703
15
0750
18
0815
17
0649
14
0744
13
0726
17
0745
11
0810
14
0825
16
0658
10
0810
6
0829
8
0830
18
0847
16

wind
3
2
2
3-4
4-5
3-5
2-3
2-3
2
3
3
4-5
3
1-2
2-3
2
1
3-4
3-4
3-4
1
3
1-2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-2
1-2
1
1
3-4
3-5
2
3
4-5
3
2-3
1-3
1-2

sky
0-1
0-1
0-1
10
0
0
10
10
0-1
10
10
0
0
5
10
0-1
0-1
10
10
10
5
0
0
5
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
5
0
0
5
0-1
10
10
0-1
10
10
10
10
0
0

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

obs
BD
BD
BD
BE
DB
DB
BE
BE
BD
BE
BE
DB
DB
BD
BE
BD
BD
BE
BE
BE
BD
DB
DB
BD
BE
BD
BE
BD
BD
BE
BE
BE
BE
BD
DB
DB
BD
BE
DB
DB
BD
BD
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB

82

48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
96
97

26-Jun
26-Jun
27-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
27-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
25-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun
26-Jun

0855
0634
0633
0926
0915
0935
0950
1016
0609
1040
0953
0817
0750
0810
0539
0516
0550
0456
0910
0855
0840
0841
0856
0738
0824
0845
0802
0710
0649
0630
0625
0610
0640
0655
0710
0725
0825
ND
ND

10
9
20
15
19
16
14
12
9
11
20
9
12
10
11
8
11
10
11
16
11
7
10
9
8
17
12
12
11
14
15
15
18
5
9
10
12
12
13

1-2
3-4
1
1
1-2
2
2-4
2-3
1-2
2-4
2-3
1
3-5
3-5
1
1
4-5
2
3
1
1
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
3
1-2
1
1
1
4
4-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
3
3-4
3
3

10
10
0-1
10
0
0
10
10
0-1
10
0
0-1
10
10
0
0
10
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
10
0-1
0-1
0-1
0-1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

DB
DB
BD
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
BE
DB
DB
BE
BD
BD
BE
BE
DB
BE
BD
BD
BD
BE
BE
BE
BE
BD
BE
BE
BE
BE
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
BD
DB
DB

83

Appendix F. Latitude and longitude of breeding bird study point count sites.
Point count #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

Lat/Long
N43 53.274 W76 26.508
N43 53.346 W76 26.280
N43 53.478 W76 26.088
N43 53.532 W76 26.322
N43 53.586 W76 26.550
N43 53.700 W76 26.394
N43 53.676 W76 26.172
N43 53.622 W76 25.962
N43 53.466 W76 25.668
N43 53.652 W76 25.746
N43 53.820 W76 26.076
N43 53.850 W76 26.298
N43 53.982 W76 26.166
N43 53.952 W76 25.944
N43 53.802 W76 25.848
N43 53.538 W76 25.464
N43 53.712 W76 25.350
N43 53.748 W76 25.566
N43 53.874 W76 25.416
N43 53.910 W76 25.680
N43 54.084 W76 25.818
N43 54.114 W76 26.034
N43 54.252 W76 25.914
N43 54.222 W76 25.692
N43 54.060 W76 25.596
N43 53.736 W76 25.128
N43 53.928 W76 25.200
N43 53.868 W76 24.990
N43 53.898 W76 24.774
N43 54.042 W76 24.894
N43 54.144 W76 25.062
N43 54.084 W76 25.266
N43 54.282 W76 25.266
N43 54.324 W76 25.524
N43 54.378 W76 25.734
N43 54.498 W76 25.566
N43 54.438 W76 25.356
N43 54.390 W76 25.056
N43 54.216 W76 24.852
N43 54.150 W76 24.648
N43 53.994 W76 24.588
N43 54.066 W76 24.384
N43 54.438 W76 24.840
N43 54.318 W76 24.666
N43 54.474 W76 24.606

46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

N43 54.600 W76 25.380

N43 54.696 W76 25.188
N43 54.648 W76 24.576
N43 54.612 W76 24.984
N43 54.528 W76 25.176
N43 54.708 W76 24.798
N43 54.798 W76 24.996
N43 54.912 W76 24.822
N43 54.864 W76 24.594
N43 54.798 W76 24.384
N43 54.960 W76 24.414
N43 54.648 W76 24.270
N43 55.086 W76 24.606
N43 54.174 W76 25.446
N43 55.254 W76 22.926
N43 55.242 W76 22.704
N43 54.708 W76 24.048
N43 54.678 W76 23.826
N43 54.546 W76 24.072
N43 54.486 W76 23.766
N43 54.348 W76 23.880
N43 54.222 W76 24.006
N43 54.108 W76 24.168
N43 54.696 W76 23.310
N43 54.654 W76 23.520
N43 54.780 W76 23.658
N43 54.864 W76 23.286
N43 55.002 W76 23.172
N43 54.906 W76 23.502
N43 54.924 W76 23.766
N43 54.924 W76 24.012
N43 55.026 W76 24.198
N43 55.092 W76 23.724
N43 55.068 W76 23.502
N43 55.236 W76 23.838
N43 55.266 W76 23.622
N43 55.242 W76 23.406
N43 55.164 W76 23.208
N43 55.098 W76 22.986
N43 54.284 W76 24.229
N43 54.361 W76 24.314
N43 54.433 W76 24.384
N43 54.292 W76 24.411
N43 54.255 W76 24.487
N43 54.251 W76 24.602
N43 54.884 W76 24.092
N43 54.851 W76 24.144

Old Bird, Inc. - 2008 Breeding Bird Survey of Big Galloo Island, NY

84