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Rotator Cuff Muscles Explained

The rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. They originate on the scapula and insert on the humerus, acting to stabilize the shoulder joint and enable movements like abduction, lateral and medial rotation. In a case of anterior shoulder dislocation, the supraspinatus is most affected, with weakness and positive special tests. The subscapularis and infraspinatus show moderate effects, while the teres minor is also moderately affected but no special tests apply.

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190 views14 pages

Rotator Cuff Muscles Explained

The rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. They originate on the scapula and insert on the humerus, acting to stabilize the shoulder joint and enable movements like abduction, lateral and medial rotation. In a case of anterior shoulder dislocation, the supraspinatus is most affected, with weakness and positive special tests. The subscapularis and infraspinatus show moderate effects, while the teres minor is also moderately affected but no special tests apply.

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FUNCTION OF ROTATOR

CUFF MUSCLES
Group 5: Fern, Erica, Preeti, Sungmin

What are the Rotator Cuff Muscles?

SITS Muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

SUPRASPINATUS
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
q Insertion: superior part of greater tubercle of
humerus
q Action:
Abduction
Help prevent downward
dislocation of humerus
q Innervation: Subscapular nerve
q

Source: [Link]

INFRASPINATUS
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
q Insertion: greater tubercle of
humerus posterior to insertion of
supraspinatus
q Action:
Lateral rotation
q Innervation: Subscapular nerve
q

Source: [Link]

TERES MINOR
Origin: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
Insertion: greater tubercle of
humerus inferior to infraspinatus
insertion
Action:
Lateral rotation
Innervation: Axillary nerve

Source: [Link]

SUBSCAPULARIS
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of
humerus
Action:
Medial rotation
Innervation: Subscapular nerve

Source: [Link]

How do Rotator Cuff Muscles work


together?
The four rotator cuff muscles that connect in the
upper arm (humerus) work together to:
provide stability for the
shoulder & holds the head of
humerus in glenoid cavity
produce movements like
extension, flexion and
external rotation

Source:
[Link]

Case Study: Kyras Anterior Shoulder


Dislocation

What rotator cuff muscles are


directly affected?

Case Study: Kyras Anterior Shoulder


Dislocation
Most affected: Supraspinatus
Results from SOT
q Empty Can Test: Positive
q Full Can Test: Positive
q Drop Arm Test: Positive
Result from MMT
q 2/5

Case Study: Kyras Anterior Shoulder


Dislocation
Moderately Affected: Subscapularis
Results from SOT
q Lift Off Test: Negative
Result from MMT
q 3/5

Case Study: Kyras Anterior Shoulder


Dislocation
Moderately Affected: Infraspinatus
Results from AROM and PROM
Medial rotation of shoulder: 45 deg., empty end
feel
RROM: moderate weakness and pain
Result from MMT
q 4/5

Case Study: Kyras Anterior Shoulder


Dislocation
Moderately Affected: Teres Minor
Results from AROM and PROM
Lateral rotation of shoulder: 60 deg., empty end
feel
RROM: moderate weakness and pain
Results from SOT and MMT
q N/A

QUESTIONS?

References

Magee, D.J. (2014). Orthopedic physical assessment. (6th ed.). St. Louis, MI:
Saunders Elsevier
Marieb E.N. & Hoehn K.(2013). Anatomy and physiology (5th ed.).
Toronto, ON: Benjamin Cummings
Moore, K.L., Agur, A.M.R., & Dalley, A.F. (2015). Essential clinical
anatomy (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins
Physical Therapy Haven. (2016). Drop arm test. Retrieved from
[Link]
Physical Therapy Haven. (2016). Full can and empty can test.
Retrieved from [Link]
Physical Therapy Haven. (2016). Lift off test. Retrieved from
[Link]

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