Algebra

The sum of ascending numbers:

Odd:
Even:

x2
x ( x+1)

Set builder notation:

m
Q={ m , n I , n 0 }
n

Polynomial Rules
Monomials:
Ex.

2 x2
Binomials:
Ex.

2 x 2 +3 y
Trinomials:
Ex.

2 x 2 +3 yx
Polynomials:
Ex.
2

2 x +3 yx +21

Factoring
Common Factoring:

Ex.

( 8 x 2+ 4 x )
4 x (2 x+ 1)
Trinomial Factoring:
Ex.

x 2+5 x +6
( x +2)( x+3)
Tricky Trinomial Factoring:
Ex.

3 x2 +10 x+ 8
(3 x +4)( x +2)
Factor by grouping:
Ex.

5 x3 4 x 225 x +20
( 5 x3 4 x 2 ) ( 25 x +20 )
x 2 ( 5 x4 )5 ( 5 x4 )
(5 x4)(x 25)
Difference of squares:
Ex.
4

2 4

 ( 22 +2 ) ( 222 )
( 22 +2 ) ( 2+ 1 )( 21)
Perfect Squares:
Ex.

9 x 218 xy+ 9 y 2
(3 x3 x)2

Exponents Rules
Exponents:
Ex.

23
8
Negative exponents:
Ex.
2

1
25

Zero exponents:
Ex.

50
1

(Always equals one)

Multiplication:

Ex.

x 5 x 2 x1
x

(Add the exponents)

Division:
Ex.

x 4 x x 2
x5 (Subtract the exponents)
Exponents of Exponents:
Ex.
2

( 75 )

710

(Multiply the exponents)

Multi answer questions:

Ex.

x 2=25
x= 5

Equations
One step equations:
Ex.

2 x 9=9
2 x =18

x=9

Multi step equations:

Ex.

4 x 9=x
4 x x=9

3 x=9
x=3
Solving Equations with Brackets:
Ex.

5 ( a+2 )=20
5 a+10=20

5 a=30
a=6
Solving Equations with Fractions:
Ex.

3
1 5
x+ =
4
3 6
9 x+4=10
9x 6
=
9 9
x=

6
9

Order of Operations:

Ex.

9 ( 4 +6 ) 32

(B = brackets

9 10 32
9 10 9

90 9

E = exponents
D = division
M = multiplication

10

A = addition
S = subtraction)

Substitution:
Ex.

x=4
4 (x3)

4 (( 4 )3)
41

4
Quadratic Equations:
Ex.

6+ xx 2
3 ( x+2 ) + 4 ( 3 x ) =4 )
3 x+6 +124 x=24+ 4 x4 x 2
4 x 2 +3 x4 x4 x =2418

4 x 5 x +6=0
4x
+3)(x-2)=0
either 4 x +3=0x 2=0

x=

3
x=2
4

Geometry
Pythagorean Theorem:
Formula.

a2 +b 2=c 2

(How to

hypotenuse)
Ex.
2

5 +12 =c

25+144=c

169=c2
13=c
Proof.

A=(a+ b)(a=b)

A=a2 +ab+ ab+b2

A=a2 +b2 +2 ab

get the length of a

A=

Trigonometry:

sin=

opp
hyp

cos=

adj
hyp

tan=

opp
adj

Area:
Circle:

A= r 2
A=

Triangle:

A=2 rh+2 r

Cylinder:
Square:

bh
2

A=s 2

Parallelogram:

Trapezoid:

A=

A=bh
a+ b
h
2

Graphing
Slopes:

m=

rise
run

Positive

Negative

Undefined

m=

rise y y 2 y 1
=
=
run x x 2x 1

Finding The Equation of a line:

Ex.

If m=5,b=7
y=5 x+7
Ex. #2

If m=3, point=( 4,5 )

y=mx +b

5=3 ( 4 )+ b
5=12=b

b=9
Graphing Using Slope and Y-Intercept
Equation

Slope

y-intercept

a)

y = 3x -7

-7

b)

y = 4 2x

-2

1
2

c)

d)

2x + 3y = 6

2
3

e)

y=6 x4

-4

Zero

f)

y=

3
+7
4

y=mx +b

Linear and Non-Linear Relations:

liner
7
6

R = 1

4
3
2

1
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

Non linier
4
2

2
1

0
-15

-10

-5

-2
-4

-4
-6
-7
-8

f ={(4,3 ) , (2,0 ) , ( 0,3 ) , (2,6 ) , ( 4,9 ) }

y=2 x

10

15