Music Notation Guide
Clefs Repeat Terms and Signs
Treble Clef Bass Clef
D.C. al FINE Return to the beginning and play to Fine.
D.S. al FINE Return to and play to Fine.
Middle C Middle C
D.C. al CODA Return to the beginning, play to and skip to the Coda.
Notes and Rests D.S. al CODA Return to , play to and skip to the Coda.
Whole Half Quarter Eighth Sixteenth
Note Rest Note Rest Note Rest Note Rest Note Rest
Return to the beginning or nearest and repeat.
A dot added to a note or rest increases its value by 1/2.
1
Symbols 1 2 Play through the first time,
tenuto Hold Full Value then skip to 2 on the repeat
accent Accent
marcato Louder accent
Extended rest (6 measures in this example).
sforzando Sudden accent
staccato Detached is played as:
fermata Hold, pause
is played as:
crescendo Gradually louder
decrescendo
diminuendo Gradually softer
is played as:
rit. Ritardando Gradually slower
2
accel. Accelerando Gradually faster
is played as:
One octave higher than
8va All ottava written.
Rapid alteration between
Trill the primary note and the
note above.
Grace Note
Very short ornamental note.
(Note: Grace notes are
Key Signatures
always stemmed up.)
Break Short pause
C major G major D major A major E major B major F major C major
Key of A minor
Stems and Beams E minor B minor F minor C minor G minor D minor A minor
Notes below the third line are written with stems up. Notes on or above the third line
are written with stems down.
Order of Sharps: F C G D A E B
Stem direction of beamed notes or chords is determined by the note farthest from the
third line.
C major F major B major E major A major D major G major C major
Key of A minor D minor G minor C minor F minor B minor E minor A minor
Order of Flats: B E A D G C F