PAPER 1 Reading (1 hour 15 minutes) Answer questions 1-18 by referring to the magazine article on pege 31 in which modern-day artists talk about their work. Indicate your answers on the separate answer sheet For questions 1-18, match the statements on the left below with the list of artists A-F. ‘Some of the choices may be required more than once, Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be put in any order. Which artist says he trained initially in an unrelated field. he has been an influential figure within the world of art. an aitist’ Ife is more demanding than he had expected. he does not want his works displayed in the conventional way. he wishes to appeal to a wide veriety of people. Noaun Bedwyn Frances he feels that different art forms have become much less distinct from each other. he combines artistic images which would normally seem incompatible. O'Connor Pillin he learned his craft in a very flexible environment. 10 Bader that practical experience is more important than formal training. 11 m mono > Matuka, he has had problems in forging an identity for himself inthe 12 art world he takes his inspiration from seeing new places, 14 new works of art are not always as original as everyone 5 imacines. that he is very concerned with the message his works convey. 16 =n TEST 2, PAPER 1Conversations with Artists A lot of artists Limit themselves to business as usual. 'm not sure I have a reqular style. I'm often told that my work incorporates a lot of decoration - if so, that’s not conscious, as T always like to start from zero with my paintings, to create something completely different. But I do have to work within certain limits, and the most important of those is that we live in the age of reproduction. All sorts of people know my art from magazines, catalogues or TV. That's all right with me because I don't want them to go to a gallery. But one of the consequences is that I want to create works that have nearly as strong an impact in a photograph ora video as in real life. You see, I want my work to have street crecibility, to speak cirecily to people, so that it doesn’t need the help of the white boxes ~ the muscuns or galleries ~ to be appreciated. EMP nescrtcd The oreatest influence on my way of thinking as a painter came when 1 took part in a famous exhibition ‘alled Freeze’ when I wes a student at college. That college was a dream for creative people: it was the only place in the art world that didn’t stipulate which medium you had to work in, All the other schools divided you into categories, such as sculpture and painting. Art practice isn’t confined by these old barriers and techniques any more. I dont think ‘Freeze’ was ground-breaking in terms of the actual work, but there was a massive energy around it. We Weren't tiying to attract the attention of the galleries ~ it was more a case of ‘we con't need them. we can do it anyway, CEE 1 didn’t actually study art at college: 1 qualified in electronics: I qualified at an evening class, I never ‘enjoyed school, nor work, which I have always tried to avoid, without success, In fact, I found my path in art 2 bit late ~ only eight years ago. For me, art is just 2 Job like any other that can be learned while you do When I was small, I always thought I wouldn't want: to do ary work, and that art should be like that. But now Tin really working. I don't jiave a minute, what with galleries, gallery owners and interviews in different places. I consider the geography of towns as a kind of library which you use for your own needs; you go where you think you can Feel good for a while. I go around different towns so as to meet new people breathe new air and get new ideas. Tm very flexible —T paint, create Logos, design furniture and products and write comics; but iF pushed, Talways say that I daw. Tlustrators and cartoonists are the only ones who have accepted me. Grephic designers say to me: ‘What are you doing? Youre not a raph designer, are you a painter” The painters say: ‘Why don't you design furniture? Your furniture is really nice’ And the funiture designers say: You should be doing comic books, that’s your business! 1 think my érowings are awful, but I have to say other artists have used my work to develop their own, Hind you. they haven't copied any more than T have. TAL keep 07 copying, allowing myself to be influenced by thousands of authors and images. It's very positive when youre creating things. You can never stat from square one, Poe ro My work is all about building art into daily life. 1 would have a much more comfortable life # I was a “fine ert artist sitting in a studio in the countryside. But I wanted to be involved in builcing in the city: I wanted to contribute to daily life, with all its idiosyncrasies and difficulties. You see, Thad a more practical education than most, learning building construction at technical high school, and went on to study art and architecture in Vienna in an environment of artists, stage desioners, painters and sculptors. I was constantly moving between the fine arts and architecture ~ today you call it ‘crossover, and actually ‘the demarcation is now less rigid. Tye worked for the advertising industry, For example, superimposing advertising images onto phatographs of butings. Indeee, in whatever I do J introduce a foreign element into a given situation, and, by transformation of scale and meaning, it makes another, very clear statement. I need to make sure thet it’s @ statement which is getting through to people. F_ Billy Matuka Tm always told 1 favour writing in my art, rather than ‘images. In any painting there is something which says: “Look at me, please! So I said to myself: Instead of. painting the painting, Tm going to write “Look at me, please.” The painting is only a pretext to say something, so I might as well say it simply, with words ‘on the painting. Also, I wanted to establish my own, territory, after an initial period of not really knowing where I was going. Writing went well with my desire to tell the truth. It’s been said that artis a lie, but you have to find the truth somenhere! TEST 2, PAPER 1 37]Read the following magazine erticle about staff training in companies and then answer questions 25-31 on page 35. Indicate the letter A, B, C or D against the number of each question. Give only one answer to each question. ‘The employees know their jobs. ‘They haye all successfully completed initial training courses and they've had plenty of direct, day-to-day experience. Nonetheless, companies instinctively fee! that they could ‘get more out of their staff by giving them further training in areas related to their work When it comes to investing in such staff training, however, there isa fundamental paradox. Training remains an absolutely essential luxury item. All managers agree ‘that they want it and they all know it is a good thing, but the more they need it, it seems, the Getting a return from training John Whitley examines the practicalities and pitfalls for companies who decide to invest in ongoing staff training. on your return, and normally there is more to do than when you left. You return to the same ‘company operating in the same way, with the same colleagues, and the same clients. You may be different, your toolkit of knowledge and experience may have grown, but unless you can apply your knowledge there and then, or within a short space of time, you will most likely carry on doing everything exactly the way you did it before you went on the course. ‘The moral is that ongoing training can be of value, but getting at that value Is not as easy less they are prepared to find the necessary resources for it. At the slightest excuse, the training budget gets cut Happily, however, there are companies who try it, swith the best intentions in the world. But even when. companies guarantee a budget and commit themselves to ongoing staff training, it does not always work, This article will ttempt to look at why this is so. A few years ayo, a car company hired a team of external consultants to investigate why owners of a articular model in theie range seldom came back for another one. The investigation pointed to a key factor in building customer loyalty - the quality of service at the company’s garages. In particular if repairs were carried out effectively and to budget, customers were more likely to buy fiom that dealer gall, The senior managers leapt on this with zeal, seeing a simple solution to their ailing sales figures. A rigorous training programme was designed for ‘every mechanic in every garage. But a funny thing happened. Customer satisiaction with the quality of service fell dramatically. It tusned out that garages work to tight profit margins, with a prescribed number of mechanics to service a certain number of vehicles in a given period. Take a load of them out for training and the rest have more work to do in the same amount of time: Hence rushed jobs and mistakes. Simple realy, and falily obvious ~ when you go away on a training ‘course, the world does not stop, Your job awaits you as one might think. There must be many a manager who has invested a lot of effort in identifying the kind of training required, has sent an employee on an external training course, but then has failed to conduct a thorough review of the outcome of What training afterwards. It is assumed that, on return to work, the magical effects of a course will naturally surface anid employees will somehow be better at their jobs. This can happen, especially where some technical skill hhes been learned, and the knowledge ts being. applied directly. But itis wiong to assume thet it will always happen. With training, one needs to build on the investment made to ensure the maximum value isextracted. Another flawed approach to training concerns the telephone call centre run by a mail-order company. Here, the problem was correctly identified as a lack ‘of adequate product knowledge by the staff who dealt directly with customers. A major training. programme had failed to have the desired result, and. itdid not take a genius to identify why. Staff turnover was running at 120%. No sooner were staff trained than they left, to be replaced by novices, Until the underlying problem had been solved, expenditure on further training was doomed to failure. Clearly, where training is concerned, managers need to apply the same levels of rigour in. planning, monitoring and examining the outcome that they employ in other business contexts. TEST 2, PAPER 125 26 27 28 29 30 34 in the writers opinion, why do many companies fail to invest in ongoing training for their staff? A Their managers are not in favour of it. B. They are unwilling to commit funds to it. C Their employees don’t see the need for it. D They lack experience in setting it up. What prompted the car company to send its mechanics on a training programme? ‘A complaints from customers B_ an investigation by its managers independent professional advice Da suggestion from its mechanics According to the writer, why may the car company’s training programme have failed? A. It disrupted normal work patterns I: failed to address basic problems. It was impossible for all mechanics to attend It overemphesised the need for speed. one According to the writer, what should employees do when they return from a training course? concentrate on catching up with their work ‘attempt to put new ideas into practice. convince colleagues of the value of training. try not to change everything immediately. on@> In the writers opinion, what mistake do managers often make after employees have attended training courses? ‘A. They expect too much feedback from employees. B_ They fail to provide adequate folow-up. They only see improvements in technical skills. D_ They assume that further training will be availeble. Why did the mail-order company have a ‘flawed approach’ to training? A The wrong type of people were being trained. B_ Problems arose as a result of the training, €_The training programme was poorly focused, D_ Problems were addressed in the wrong order. In the text as 2 whole, the writer suggests that companies underestimate the potential benefits of training to ingividuals. the real cost of appropriate training programmes. the need to manage training effectively. the importance of identifying training priorities. one> TEST 2, PAPER 1 3Test 2 Ree) Part 1: Conversations with Artists 1G ‘Tqualifed in electonics 2D: ‘other artsts have used my work to develop their own. 3. C ‘When! was small... | don’t have a minute...” 4/5 A: ‘lwant my work'to have street credibility.” 4/5. 8 "We weren't trying to attract the attention of the galleies ..” 6 A: ‘All sorts of people... That'sall ght with me 7/8 B: ‘Act practice isn't confined by these old batters ... any, 77 E: ‘moving between the fine arts and architecture... the demarcation is now less rigid. 9 & ‘I ntvoducea foreign element into a given situation 410 ‘itwas the only place in the art world that didn’t stipulate .. 11: ‘ait just ajob ... that cen be learned while you do it" 12/13 _D: ‘illustrators and cartoonists are the only cnes who have accepted me.’ 42/13 F: ‘I wanted to establish my own teritory .. not really knowing where Iwas going, 14 C: ‘Igo around aifferent towns... and get new ideas." 15 _D: ‘Youcannever start irom square one, 16/17/18 A: ‘Iwant to create woiks that have ... as in real lite 16/17/98 £ ‘it makes another, very clear statement. ws The painting is only @ pretext to say something Total = 18 marks Part 2: Cormorants 19. F Linkbetween the surprising abilly ‘0 suvive and “All the rrore surprising is that... Link between these surprisng facts and ‘A new study... has recently shed some light! Link between the search to find adaptation in the bbody/wings and the lack of success in finging sinilaiies in ive and plurrage. Link between rejection of the food consumption theory ‘and 'The researchers concluded that cormorants must have another way of .., Lik between the ratko. ‘transmitters and These” General lnk in that both oaraarephs deal with the new theory about quik, efficient feeding, Link between tha visit to the colony ard what they discovered. Link between the discovery and the subsequent conclusion. "They' refers to Both these facts. Link between the discovery about the cormorant’s main prey and ‘greedy Link between the avoidance of freezing and shaking wings to get rid of water. Link between waterlogged wings and ‘How they avcid freezing ... is indeed a mystery! 2 0 a G 22k BC ‘Total = 12 marks KEY Part 3: Getting a return from training 25. B: Correct. the training budget gets cut.” 25 A. Incorrect. Managers are in favour of it: they just have problams getting the money. 25 CID: Incorrect, Ths ies is rot said in the text. 26 C: Correct. ‘hired a team of external consultants 26 A Incorrect. We do not know that the companys, customers were complaining, The point is that when customers are happy with the garages, they buy the same brand of cer again, Incorrect. The menegers did not investigate, the consultants did Incortedt. Thate is no evidence in the text to suppor this, Correct, Take a load of them out ... Hence rushed jobs and mistaces, Incorrect. The reference to’Simple really, and farly ‘obvious! means that the problem seems clear wien itis ponted out. Incorrect. This idea is not stated in the text Incorrect. The point about speed ss not to do with the traning programmes, but with garages having to work quickly, Correct This idea is expicit throughout garas 4 and 5, especialy ‘but then has failed to conduct a thorough review of the outcome Incorrect. What the text says is that there isa lot of work to do when you return to work after training Incorrect. Colleagues are mentioned but in quite another contest, Incorrect. The idea is that you will change nothing in your work if you don’t apply your new knowledge quickly treet. ‘but then has failed to conduct a thorough review of the outcome..." Incorrect. Managers’ expectations of employees on retum from training may be high, but ths s not to do with feedoack Incorrect. The ocint made is that some employees may be better at ther jobs if they have Improved their technical skis on 2 course. Incowrect. The point is that further training. or at least review ofthe original trairing, should be enforced by manag: Correct. The company correctly identified the fist problem, that of inadequate product knowledge, but should first have addressed the underlying problem of staff turnover. Incorrect. There is no evidence to suggest the trained employees were wrong for the jo. 30 BIC: hncortect. Nothing is mentioned about whether the training was good enough, 31: Correct. This, rather than the other theee, isthe main ‘message of the text 26 8 26 0D: WA 7 8 Ze 7D 2B A 2 28 D: 29 8 29 A 2c: 29 0: 30.0: 30 A. Total = 14 marks Part 4: Going it Alone 32 8 Ourambtion is io become the primary player in 2 new fruit snacks category... 33. A: | rang my Bank up and told them | wanted a lan to buy 2 car abit ofa fib actually 34 C: He corvinced the airline to let him have a yo, end made sure that cleaners were detaled to