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Regular Expression Identities

This document lists 14 identities for regular expressions. The identities define algebraic rules for combining regular expressions using operators such as concatenation, union, Kleene star and empty set. For example, some identities are that the order of concatenation does not matter, Kleene star of the empty set is the empty language, and concatenation distributes over union.

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237 views1 page

Regular Expression Identities

This document lists 14 identities for regular expressions. The identities define algebraic rules for combining regular expressions using operators such as concatenation, union, Kleene star and empty set. For example, some identities are that the order of concatenation does not matter, Kleene star of the empty set is the empty language, and concatenation distributes over union.

Uploaded by

ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CS 360

Naomi Nishimura

Regular expression identities


1. L + M = M + L

2. (L + M ) + N = L + (M + N )

3. (LM )N = L(M N )

4. ∅ + L = L + ∅ = L

5. L = L = L

6. ∅L = L∅ = ∅

7. L(M + N ) = LM + LN

8. (M + N )L = M L + N L

9. L + L = L

10. (L∗ )∗ = L∗

11. ∅∗ = 

12. ∗ = 

13. (xy)∗ x = x(yx)∗

14. The following are all equivalent:

(a) (x + y)∗
(b) (x∗ + y)∗
(c) x∗ (x + y)∗
(d) (x + yx∗ )∗
(e) (x∗ y ∗ )∗
(f) x∗ (yx∗ )∗
(g) (x∗ y)∗ x∗

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