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Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration Guide

This document discusses quantum mechanics and quantum numbers. It explains that quantum mechanics originated from the works of Planck, Einstein, and Bohr and focuses on particle behavior at the subatomic level. It then defines and explains the four quantum numbers - principal, angular momentum, magnetic, and electron spin quantum numbers - which are used to determine atomic orbital properties. It provides examples of these quantum numbers for different orbitals and electrons. Finally, it discusses other related topics like Pauli exclusion principle, electron configurations, orbital diagrams, and Hund's rule.

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Zairrah Bayawa
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87 views31 pages

Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration Guide

This document discusses quantum mechanics and quantum numbers. It explains that quantum mechanics originated from the works of Planck, Einstein, and Bohr and focuses on particle behavior at the subatomic level. It then defines and explains the four quantum numbers - principal, angular momentum, magnetic, and electron spin quantum numbers - which are used to determine atomic orbital properties. It provides examples of these quantum numbers for different orbitals and electrons. Finally, it discusses other related topics like Pauli exclusion principle, electron configurations, orbital diagrams, and Hund's rule.

Uploaded by

Zairrah Bayawa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Change the quiz from Thompson to thomson

QUANTUM
NUMBERS
QUANTUM MECHANICS
QUANTUM MECHANICS

• Originated in the works of Max Planck, Einstein


and Bohr
• From the word quanta, meaning, specific amount
• Focused on the determination of the behavior of
particles in the subatomic level
Wave-particle duality
BUBBLE CHAMBER PARTICLE
COLLIDER
ELEMENTARY
PARTICLES
QUANTUM NUMBERS
used to determine the size,
shape and orientation of the
orbitals of an atom
• PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER
• ANGULAR MOMENTUM QUANTUM NUMBER
• MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER
• ELECTRON SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER
(n)
-will tell the size of the orbital
-the energy level of the orbital
-cannot be zero
-integers from 1 and so on
-will determine the shell (level)
ANGULAR MOMENTUM QUANTUM
NUMBER
(l)
-will tell the shape of the orbital
-integers between 0 and n-1
-divides the shell into subshells(sublevels)

l s- sharp
0 1 2 3 p-principal
Name of
d- diffuse
Orbital
s p d f f-fundamental
s- orbital p- orbital
(can hold a max. of (can hold a max. of 6 electrons)
2 electrons) -with 2 lobes - dumbbell shaped
Spherical in shape
d- orbital
(can hold a max. of
10 electrons)
-with 4 lobes
f- orbital
(can hold a
max. of 14
electrons)
-with 6 lobes
MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER
( m l)
-will tell the orientation of the orbital
-divides the subshell into individual orbitals which
hold the electrons
- different orientations were observed under the
presence of a magnetic field
- (2l + 1) = number of orbitals per subshell
l 0 1 2 3
ml 0 -1 0 1 -2 -1 0 1 2 -3 -2-1 0 1 2 3
TOTAL
NO. OF
1 3 5 7
ORBITAL
ELECTRON SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER
( m s)
-moving charge
generates a magnetic
field
-electrons act like little
magnets
- one electron spins
clockwise and the
other counterclockwise
(+ ½ , - ½ )
QUANTUM NUMBER
NAME: GRADE AND SECTION SCORE:
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM ANGULAR MOMENTUM MAGNETIC QUANTUM ELECTRON SPIN QUANTUM
NUMBER QUANTUM NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER

(n) (l) (ml) (ms)


1
2

4
PAULI EXCLUSION
PRINCIPLE
-”No two electrons in an atom can have
the same four quantum numbers. “
FOR EXAMPLE:
GIVE THE FOUR QUANTUM NUMBERS
FOR AN ELECTRON IN A 3p orbital.

What is the total no. of orbitals


associated with the principal quantum
number n=3?
ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
AND ORBITAL
DIAGRAMS
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
-how the electrons are
distributed among the
various atomic orbitals
1s 1 No. of
electron
ENERGY per
LEVEL subshell
Name of orbital/
subshell
H -1s1
He -1s2
Li -1s22s1
Be -1s22s2
B -1s22s22p1
C -1s22s22p2
N -1s22s22p3
O -1s22s22p4
F 2 2
-1s 2s 2p 5
Ne -1s22s22p6
ORBITAL DIAGRAMS
-another method to determine
how the electrons are distributed No. of
among the various atomic orbitals
electron
through arrows representing the
number of electrons per
- Each box represents the subshell
subshell Name of orbital/
subshell
s
p

d
HUND’S RULE
-”Most stable arrangement of electrons
in subshells is the one with the greatest
number of parallel spins. “
1s1
H
He 1s2 Ne
Li
Be
B
C
N

O
F
Paramagnetic or
Diamagnetic
PARAMAGNETIC - SUBSTANCES THAT CONTAIN
NET UNPAIRED SPINS AND ARE ATTRACTED BY MAGNET

DIAMAGNETIC- SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT


CONTAIN NET UNPAIRED SPINS AND ARE SLIGHTLY
REPELLED BY A MAGNET
H
He
Ne
Li
Be
B
C
N

O
F
Prepare for
an exam
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MEETING

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