Ohio DOT

MIT Scan2 Experience

October 27, 2014
What Drove Change???
• Previous concern/issues
with DBI pavers
• 2009 Project Issues
• Premature pavement cracking
Misaligned • Investigation of over 700 joints
Dowels
• Dowels inserted with a faulty
DBI.
• January 2012 Spec Change
• April 2013 Spec Change
 The new dowel tolerances

Table 451.09-2
Individual Dowel Bar Alignment
Tolerances
Acceptance Rejection
Alignment
Tolerance Criteria
Parameter
(inches) (inches)
Horizontal
2.0 3.0
Translation a
Longitudinal
2.0 4.0
Translation b
Vertical
1.0 T/6
Translation c
Horizontal
0.60 1.0
Skew d
Vertical Tilt e 0.60 1.0

Cover f - 2.5 minimum

Joint Score Calculations
Single Dowel Misalignment (SDM) W, Weighting Factor

SDM ≤ 0.6 in. (15 mm) 0

0.6 in. (15 mm) < SDM ≤ 0.8 in. (20 mm) 2

0.8 in. (20 mm) < SDM ≤ 1 in. (25 mm) 4

1 in. (25 mm) < SDM ≤ 1.5 in. (38 mm) 5

1.5 in. (38 mm) < SDM 10

 Test Sections
• 500 feet minimum length
• Measure every Joint
• Acceptable Test Section:
– Each JS<JST
– 90% of bars meet Acceptance Tolerances
– No Rejectable Bars
• Interference with tie bars, metal, etc.
– Evaluate during test section
– Exclude bars from calculations if
interference is seen from scan.
– Contractor should propose how to validate
the position of these bars.
 Quality Control Testing for DBI

• Scanning Frequency = Every 10th Joint

• Acceptable:
– All bar deviations < Acceptance Tolerances
– All JS<JST for each joint

• Needs Improvement:
– If more than 10% exceed Acceptance Tolerances
– All JS<JST for each joint
– Contractor should make Process modifications
– Scanning frequency increases to every 5th joint
Quality Control Testing for DBI
• Unacceptable:
– Any single dowel deviation > Rejection Tolerances
– Any JS>JST for each joint scanned.

• Actions when Unacceptable:

– Scan additional joints in both directions until 5 consecutive
joints are found with:
• No single dowel deviation > Rejection Tolerances
• No JS>JST
– If found to be isolated joint, allow paving to continue and
scan at every 5th joint.
– If more issues are found, discontinue paving, evaluate
paver and require new test section prior to resuming
paving.
– Remove the paver if a successful test section cannot be
achieved.
 Corrective Action Proposal

• Corrective Action Required:

– Any dowel with deviation > Rejection Tolerance
– Any joint with JS≥JST

• Corrective Action Waived:

– Random Misalignment
– Two consecutive locked joints (JS≥JST) provided there are
three adjacent joints in both directions with no issues.
 2014 Project Data
Total % Adj. for W/out
Failure Interf. First Day

Joints Scanned 612 -

Total Dowels 7344 -

Horizontal Skew 54 0.7%

Vertical Tilt 233 3.2% 2.0%

Joint Score 252 41% 27% 13%

Horizontal
40 0.5%
Translation

Vertical Translation 0 -

Longitudinal
0 -
Translation
Lessons Learned
• Attention to detail is important.
• Saw cuts must be placed
accurately.
• Test sections are a must.
• DBI’s tend to be very repeatable.
• Everyone defaults to rejection
tolerances.
• Project staff need to keep up with
data on a daily basis.
Lessons Learned
• Interference from tie bars,
barrier, etc. can be a problem.
• Measurement of bars with
interference needs discussed.
• Tie bar scanning may also be
needed.
• Corrective actions need thought
out.
Questions??

Craig Landefeld, PE
Phone: (614) 644-6622
Email: craig.landefeld@dot.state.oh.us