ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING HEURISTIC APPROACH IN SOLVING LINEAR

EQUATION ( Double Space)

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_____________________ (21 underscore- Center)

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A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the Education Department

Abuyog Community College

Abuyog, Leyte

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_____________________(21 underscore- Center)

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In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN EDUCATION

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_____________________(21 underscore- Center)

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JUANCHO C. TESADO

April 2019
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in

Education this Thesis entitled: “ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING HEURISTIC
APPROACH IN SOLVING LINEAR EQUATION” has been prepared and submitted by
JUANCHO C. TESADO, who is recommended for Oral Examination.
________________________

Adviser

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Approved by the Committee on the Oral Examination with the rating of

__________________________.

________________________

Chairman

_________________________ _________________________
Member Member

_________________________ _________________________
Member Member

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Education major in Mathematics – Secondary. The writer also passed the
written Comprehensive Examination.

________________________________
Date of Oral Examination Dean
College of Education
April 20, 2019 ACC, Abuyog, Leyte
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ACCEPTANCE SHEET

The Thesis hereto attached entitled: “ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING

HEURISTIC APPROACH IN SOLVING LINEAR EQUATION” prepared and
submitted by JUANCHO C. TESADO, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree Bachelor of Science in Education, is hereby accepted.

_______________________

Chairman

_______________________

Member

_______________________

Member

_______________________

Member

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Education

_________________________ _________________________

Dean President

College of Education Abuyog Community College

ACC, Abuyog, Leyte Abuyog, Leyte

____________________

Date
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE ............................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................................... ii

ACCEPTANCE SHEET ................................................................................................ iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. iv

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1

Statement of the problem ......................................................................... 4

Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 4

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ....................................................... 6

Assumptions .......................................................................................6

Delimitations ....................................................................................... 6

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 7

Review of Literature and Related Studies ............................................... 7

Understanding Students’ Error in Mathematics ................................. 7

Sources of Errors in Mathematics ....................................................... 9

Errors and Misconceptions in Linear Equations.................................. 11

Theoretical Framework............................................................................. 13

Conceptual Framework ............................................................................ 15

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CHAPTER

Definition of Terms.................................................................................. 18

III. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................... 20

Research Design ...................................................................................... 20

Respondents of the Study ........................................................................ 20

Locale of the Study ................................................................................. 21

Research Instrument ................................................................................ 22

Validation of the Research Instrument .................................................... 22

Data Gathering Procedure ....................................................................... 23

Method of Scoring and Interpretation ..................................................... 24

Statistical Analysis .................................................................................. 24

III. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 25

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page

1. The Research Framework .................................................................................. 17

2. Locator Map of Abuyog Community College ................................................. 21
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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page

A. Research Questionnaire ...................................................................................... 30

B. Communication .................................................................................................... 32
Letter to the Students ‘Respondents ........................................................ 32
Letter to the President to Conduct Validity Test ..................................... 33
Letter to the President to Administer Linear Equation Test ................... 34
Letter to the President to Administer Linear Equation Test ................... 35
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Mathematics is the science of patterns. Mathematical theories explain the

relations among patterns; and bind one type of pattern to another to yield lasting

mathematical structures. Applications of mathematics use these patterns to " explain "

and predict natural phenomena that fit the patterns[CITATION LYN13 \l 1033 ]. Throughout

the 20th century, mathematics has grown rapidly on many fronts. The rapid growth in

demand of mathematics in computation and applications has helped cross-fertilize the

mathematical disciplines, yielding an unparalleled abundance of new methods, theories,

and models[CITATION LYN13 \l 1033 ].

The world is full of information, yet human brains are only capable of processing

a certain amount. Evaluating every single feature of each situation or decision, one would

never get anything done. In order to manage the great amount of information that come

across and speed up the decision-making process, the brain relies on heuristic strategies

to simplify things and lessen the infinite amount of time analyzing every detail [ CITATION

Mul18 \l 1033 ].

In Mathematics, a heuristic is a rule or method that helps students solve problems

faster than they would if they did all the computing. It is a method that derives from

experienced. Heuristic methods speed up the process of reaching a satisfactory solution.

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Within mathematics curricula, algebra has been widely recognized as one of the

most difficult topics, which leads to learning difficulties worldwide (Al Jupri et al.,

2014), a critical milestone in students’ mathematics learning[CITATION Wan15 \l 1033 ].

Linear Equation is one of the core topic in algebra. The importance of this topic is

viewed by Huntley and Terrel (2014) as a gauge for students’ algebraic proficiency in

school. The need for algebraic proficiency is essential since it embraces the manipulation

of all basic formulas needed for various applications in different fields of specialization.

The formula for length, perimeter, volume, area, unit conversion, velocity, force, simple

interest etc. which can be viewed in linear form is a must for engineering, medicine,

commerce, information and technology, education and many others fields of work.

In solving linear equation basic knowledge on integers , properties of real

numbers properties of equality are equally important. These are vital tools in

manipulating or reducing linear equations to meet the desired output. The process of

eliminating the constant as part of the reduction method in solving linear equations have

faces many challenges. These include application of the addition/multiplication property

of equality together with the additive/multiplicative inverse such as:

2x + 5 = 25

2x + 5 – 5 = 25 – 5

And reduced the equation to 2x = 20 using addition property of equality together with

the additive inverse property .Furthermore 2x (1/2) = 20 (1/2 ), reduced it to x = 10

using multiplication property of equality together with the multiplicative inverse property

and draws the desired result.

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Figure 2. Locator map of Abuyog Community College

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BIBLIOGRAHY

A. BOOKS

Carry, L.R. Lewis, C. Bernard, J. (2007).Psychology of equation solving: An

Information Processing study. Austin University of Texas at Austin Department
of Curriculum and Instruction.

B. JOURNALS AND PUBLICATIONS

Al Jupri, P. D. (2014). Difficulties in initial algebra learning in Indonesia. Math Ed Res J,

26, 683–710. doi:10.1007/s13394-013-0097-0

Centillas Jr., C., & Larisma, C. (2016). Error Analysis of Trigonometry Students in a
Technological University. JPAIR Institutional Research, 7(1), 56-66.
doi:10.7719/irj.v7i1.372

C. ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Ashlock, R. B. (2002/2006). Error patterns in computation. Retrieved August 08, 2013,

from Pearson; Merrill Prentice Hall, Ohio:
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplech
apter/0 135009103.pdf

Ay, Yasin (2017). A review of research on the misconceptions in Mathematics education.

Education Research Highlights in Mathematics, Science and Technology,
Retrieved from https://www.isres.org/books/chapters/
Education_Research_Highlights_in_Mathematics_Science_and_Technology_201
7_3_21-12-2017.pdf
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APPENDIX A

RESEARCH QUESTIONAIRE

Name(Optional)____________________________

INSTRUCTIONS: Please read, analyze and solve the problem that follows.

Please SHOW ALL YOUR SOLUTIONS in the given problem on the test sheet.

Find the value of x.

1) 7x = 28 6. -5x = 20

Solution: Solution:

2) x – 1 = -3 7. x+5=3

Solution: Solution:

x x
3) =5 8. =−3
10 5

Solution: Solution:
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4) 5 x−1=38 9. 2x + 4 = - 20

Solution: Solution:

x
5) 4x – 2 = x – 1 10. 5+ =2
2

Solution: Solution:
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APPENDIX B

COMMUNICATION

ABUYOG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Abuyog, Leyte

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

January 15, 2020

My dearest Students,

The undersigned is a Bachelor of Science in Education Students of Abuyog

Community College taking the study entitled “ Error Analysis In Using Heuristic

Approach In Solving Linear Equation”. It is with this caused that your support is

sincerely solicited so that this study can be carried out and may greatly contribute to the

improvement of the teaching -learning process.

Please lend your tome to answer this problem set. Your honest response will

contribute much to the success of this study.

Rest assured that all information obtained herein will be strictly confidential.

Thank you so much.

Sincerely yours,

Mr. Juancho C. Tesado

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Researcher

ABUYOG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Abuyog, Leyte

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

January 9, 2020

Mrs. Asuncion M. Villote

President - Designate
Abuyog Community College
Abuyog, Leyte
Dear Madamme,
Greetings.
May I respectfully request assistance from your good office relative to my study
entitled “ Error Analysis In Using Heuristic Approach In Solving Linear Equation” as
part of the curriculum requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Education
particularly for the pre-testing of the of the research made Linear Equation Test in order
to test its validity and reliability.
In this regard may I ask permission to conduct the said test to your thirty ( 30 )
students in the Senior High School. Rest assured that all information obtained herein will
be strictly confidential utilized for academic advancement.

Please find the attached questionnaire for your kind perusal. Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,

Mr. Juancho C. Tesado

Researcher

Noted by:
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Mrs. Myrna T. Peras

College Dean

ABUYOG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Abuyog, Leyte

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

January 14, 2020

Mrs. Asuncion M. Villote

President - Designate
Abuyog Community College
Abuyog, Leyte
Dear Madamme,
Greetings.
May I respectfully request assistance from your good office relative to my study
entitled “ Error Analysis In Using Heuristic Approach In Solving Linear Equation” as
part of the curriculum requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Education
particularly for hosting of the validated Linear Equation Test.
In this regard may I ask permission to conduct the said test to your students in the
Senior High School. Rest assured that all information obtained herein will be strictly
confidential and utilized for academic advancement.

Please find the attached questionnaire for your kind perusal. Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,

Mr. Juancho C. Tesado

Researcher

Noted by:
Mrs. Myrna T. Peras
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College Dean

ABUYOG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Abuyog, Leyte

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

January 20, 2020

Mrs. Marlisa Riños

Principal
Abuyog Community College - Senior High School Department
Abuyog, Leyte
Dear Madamme,
Greetings.
May I respectfully request assistance from your good office relative to my study
entitled “ Error Analysis In Using Heuristic Approach In Solving Linear Equation” as
part of the curriculum requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Education
particularly for hosting of the validated Linear Equation Test.
In this regard may I ask permission to conduct the said test to your students in the
Senior High School. Rest assured that all information obtained herein will be strictly
confidential and utilized for academic advancement.

Please find the attached questionnaire for your kind perusal. Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,

Mr. Juancho C. Tesado

Researcher

Noted by:
Mrs. Myrna T. Peras
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College Dean