U.S.

History
U.S. Industrialization Guided Notes:

 What do you see in this picture?

 What type of people worked in this profession?

 What were conditions like for these individuals?

 What do you see in this picture?

 What is the contraption being used for?

 What impact did this have on society?

Industrialist
Who were some significant industrialist who What contribution by this historic figure
contributed to expansion in the U.S.? significantly impacted societal growth?

Example: Henry Bessemer Example: Developed the first inexpensive

industrial process for mass production of
steel
Industrialization Expanding the United States
The invention in the 1850s of the _ and _ created the material means for the rise
of tall city buildings, some so tall they were said to scrape the sky—skyscrapers.
The advent of _ and _ also allowed city dwellers to move about with ease on
public transportation, encouraging developers to build new suburbs, allowing people to live
outside the city center and commute to work
Geography – Irish and Chinese immigrants would be essential in paving the _
which connected larger cities with towns allowing for further expansion across the United States.
The _ immigrants from the west experienced harsher working conditions due to the
mountain terrain requiring workers to excavate large plots of land before laying down tracks.
Investment Capital – Monopolies during this period known as which allowed
industrialists to price gouge consumers. There were two methods for industrialists to form
monopolies, one being through and the other .
Human Resources – Growth in the population combined with more efficient farming meant
fewer laborers were needed in . Many people in Britain moved into and worked
in factories.
Government Oversight – Industrialist at the time held high influence over officials in office as
they that businessmen. Monopolists abused their power to influence policies by extorting
their workers with threats of job loss, eviction, and in some cases deportation if they didn’t vote
for government officials who aligned with policies favorable to the industry
 Vocab - Definition List
Social Darwinism Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution, Social
Darwinism was expressed by industrialists to
employ harsh treatment of workers with the
excuse that for a business to survive, weak
workers needed to be weeded out.
Robber Barons A name given to 19th cent. Industrialists who
became rich by unethical means (i.e. stock-
market operation, exploitation of labor)
A business leader whose means of amassing a
personal fortune contributed positively to the
country in some way either through increased
productivity, expansion of markets, providing
more jobs, or acts of philanthropy
A business large enough to be able to control
the price of a product without regard to
competition
A voluntary association of workers who join
together to apply pressure on their employer
for improved pay, shorter hours, or other
advantages
A national federation of labor unions
addressing the unfair inequalities present
among the working class
Efforts to alleviate a variety of problems often
encountered by poorer people, such as
unemployment, poverty, and lack of housing