ACTIVITY 3A: Fundamentals of Programming Language
Duration: 180 minutes
Learning Outcomes
This lab activity encompasses activities 3A.1, 3A.2, 3A.3, 3A.4 and 3A.5
By the end of this practical session, you should be able to:
1. Define Identifier (variable, constant and reserved word).
2. Apply the correct naming conventions.
CASE STUDY
Infinity Design Solution Sdn. Bhd, an advertising company wants to automate the system of managing Human
Resources (HR) data. Cik Suria was selected to be an IT programmer for Infinity Design Solution. En. Mohamed
insist to develop a system to manage staff payroll. Cik Suria has to prepare a proposal for payroll system.
INSTRUCTION:
1. Define the appropriate data type for each input, process and output.
2. Define proper correct naming convention for identifier.
Activity 3A.1
Activity Outcome: Identify the data category and data type for the data value given. Discuss with your lecturer.
Duration : 30 minutes
You are required to determine the data category and data type for each data value below.
No Data value Data Category Data Type
Example
123 Numeric Integer
Activity 1 Number123 Non-numeric string
3A.2
2 2016 Numeric integer
Activity
Outcome: 3 -0.000000001 Numeric Real number
Identify
the 4 0.741 Numeric Real number
identifier’s
name and 5 X Non-numeric character
data type
to form a 6 $ Non- numeric Character
variable
based on 7 173.00 Numeric Real-number
the
problems 8 () Non-numeric String
given.
Duration : 9 grade Non-numeric String
30 minutes
10 123456 numeric integer
Write the
suitable 11 Alice Non-numeric string
constant /
identifier’s 12 961002-08-2578 Non-numeric string
name and
data type for problems below.
1. Calculate area of a circle using a given radius.
Data type Identifier’s Name
Real-number Radius
Real-number Area_circle
Real-number Pi_value
2. Age can be calculated based on the birth year and the current year. State the suitable identifier
and the data type to complete the calculation.
Data type Identifier’s Name
Integer Age_year
Integer Birth_year
Integer Current_year
3. You are creating a simple program to identify if a student’s status (passed or fail) based on
their marks in the mid semester test. State the suitable identifier and data type to complete the program.
Data type Identifier’s Name
Logical value Student’s_status
Integer marks
4. A shopping mall is currently having a sale for the coming festive season. All groceries item
will be given 20% discount and all clothing item will be given 15% discount. State the suitable identifier
and the correct data type to calculate the discounted price for all items bought in the shopping mall.
Data type Identifier’s Name
Real-number Groceries_discount
Real-number Clothing_discount
Integer Item_1
Integer Item_2
5. A simple program to convert meter to kilometer.
Data type Identifier’s Name
Real-number Distance_in_Meter
Real-number Distance_in_kilometer
Activity 3A.3
Activity Outcome: Understand identifier, variable, constant and reserved words.
Duration : 40 minutes
1. Give the meaning of variable and constant and briefly explain the different between variable and
constant?
Variable Constant
Identifiers whose value may values that do not change during
Meaning change during the course of program execution
execution of a program
identifiers whose value may change values that do not change during
during the course of execution of a program execution
program
Difference
2. Based on the table below, answer TRUE or FALSE.
NO RESERVED WORD TRUE/FALSE
1 break True
2 number False
3 Return True
4 Braces False
5 Void True
6 While True
7 Word False
8 Main False
9 Continue True
10 inT False
11 Integer False
12 Main False
13 Semicolon False
14 Char False
15 If_else False
3. Explain the function of the reserved words below.
kjuhy
Terms Function
const
reserved word to keep their options open
logical constants
true
and
words that join together other words or groups of words,
return
return a value immediately from a function.
main the point at which execution of program is started
break terminate a case in the switch statement
if runs a logical test and returns one value
continue control jumps to the beginning of the loop for next iteration
new allocates memory,array creation
float represent decimal value
int store the binary value of an integer
Activity 3A.4
Activity Outcome: Understand how to write the correct rules of naming identifier.
Duration : 40 minutes
1. Identify whether the following identifiers are valid or invalid? If invalid, give the reason.
NO RESERVED WORD VALID / INVALID REASON
1 Age valid alphabet
2 !ex valid alphabet
3 R79J valid alphanumeric character
4 TotalIncome invalid No underscore
NO RESERVED WORD VALID / INVALID REASON
5 _invalid valid Start with underscore
6 #validhashtag invalid Illegal character ’#’
7 100student valid Start with numbers
8 my_polytechnic invalid Have space
9 lLike Reading invalid Have space
10 Num1ber valid alphanumeric character
11 $newPrice valid Start with ‘$’
12 New$Price valid Dollar sign has character
13 NewPrice$ valid Dollar sign has character
14 4RMPrice invalid Start with numbers
15 New%Price invalid Illegal character ‘%’
2. State VALID or INVALID for the identifiers and data type below. If INVALID (or not suitable), give
the reason.
DATA’S IDENTIFIER’S VALID/
NO VALUE DATA TYPE REASON
NAME INVALID
1 DDT1A int class valid wholenumber
2 25.40 float price$ valid decimal
3 aminah int studentName invalid No underscore
4 2.5 char %discountRate invalid No underscore
No underscore
5 951201080225 int Student IC invalid
Use string
6 951201080225 int _ICnumber valid Used underscore
7 Cloth char 4saleItem invalid Start with number
8 1025 int registerID invalid No underscore
9 on char switch valid Start with alphabets
No underscore
10 12.5 int enum invalid
Real-number
Define data type for each input, process, output
Correct naming conventions for identifier.
Case Scenario
Activity 3A.5
Activity Outcome: System design (variable and data type)
Duration : 40 minutes
Define the correct variable and data type for module Manage Staff Payroll.
PROBLEM
Case Senario:
The system will automate the process of calculate payroll for employees worked at Infinity Design Solution Sdn.
Bhd. Each employee will be recognized by employee ID. The system will receive gross income, allowance,
overtime, income tax and loan deduction. The system will automatically calculate the total income, total
deduction and net salary for the employee.
CONTANT / VARIABLE’S NAME DATA TYPE
Payroll
Employee ID
Gross income
Allowance
Overtime
Income_tax
Loan_deduction
Total_income
Total_deduction
Net-salary
Self-Reflection
