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Logical Equivalence and Argument Validation

1. The document discusses logical equivalence and quantifiers, negating statements, checking validity of arguments using rules of inference, and checking validity of additional arguments. 2. It provides examples of statements translated to logical equivalence using quantifiers, negating statements about students and triangles, and checking the validity of arguments with different premises and conclusions using rules of inference. 3. Additional arguments are checked for validity, including ones about birthdays, countries and cities, and tests based on the day of the week and a professor being sick.

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Rushikesh Patil
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82 views1 page

Logical Equivalence and Argument Validation

1. The document discusses logical equivalence and quantifiers, negating statements, checking validity of arguments using rules of inference, and checking validity of additional arguments. 2. It provides examples of statements translated to logical equivalence using quantifiers, negating statements about students and triangles, and checking the validity of arguments with different premises and conclusions using rules of inference. 3. Additional arguments are checked for validity, including ones about birthdays, countries and cities, and tests based on the day of the week and a professor being sick.

Uploaded by

Rushikesh Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. Transfer Following Statements in Logical equivalence using Quantfiers.

a) “None of my friends are perfect”. ~Ex(f(x)^p(x))=for all x (~f(x)v~p(x))=for


all(f(x)->~p(x))
b) “Some Real numbers are rational”. Ex(R(x)^T(x))
c) “Not all rainy days are cold” Ex(R(x)^~C(x))
d) “Gold and Silver ornaments are precious.”  ∀x((G(x)∨S(x))→P(x))
e) “Every clever student is successful” (∀x)((C(x) ^ S(x)) → A(x))
2. Negate following and represent them in both English and symbolic form
a) All good students study hard.
b) There is a triangle whose sum of angles ≠ 180◦ .
3. Verify Following argument is valid or not, using rules of inference.
a) {p→q, q→r, p} are the premises with conclusion r.
b) { p→q, q→r, ¬p} are the premises with conclusion ¬r.
c) The conclusion ¬p follows from {p→q,q→r,¬r} premises.
d) {a v b, b→c, a→d, ¬d}⟶c
4. Check the following arguments are valid or not?

a) S1: If today is David’s b’day then today is 2nd april.


S2: Today is 2nd April.
∴ Today is David’s B’day.

b) S1: If Canada is a country then London is a city.


S2: London is not a city.
Conclusion: Canada is a country.

4. Check the argument is valid or not?


If today is Tuesday, then I have a test in computer science or a test in Economics.
If my Economic professor is sick, then I will not have a test in economics. Today is
Tuesday & my economics professor is sick, therefore, I have a test in computer
science.

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