DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE - EAST

MATHEMATICS
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS (HANDOUT)
NAME: ____________ CLASS: VIII SEC: _____ DATE: ______

The position of a point in a plane is determined with reference to two fixed mutually
perpendicular lines, called coordinate axes.

Let XOX and YOY be two mutually perpendicular straight lines, intersecting at a point
O. These lines are called coordinate axes or axes of reference. The horizontal line
XOX is called x-axis. The Vertical line YOY is called y-axis.

• The plane containing the coordinate axes is called coordinate system,

Cartesian plane or coordinate plane.
• The point of intersection of coordinate axes is called Origin.
• The x co-ordinate is always written before y co-ordinate.
• Coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).
O (0, 0) represents the origin.
• The y-coordinate of any point lying on the x-axis will be zero.
• The x-coordinate of any point lying on the y-axis will be zero.
• X coordinate is known as abscissa.
• Y coordinate is known as ordinate.

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• At least two sets of coordinates are needed to draw a line.
• To make a graph meaningful:

▪ They should be properly titled.

▪ They should show the scales used in two axes clearly.
▪ The two axes should be clearly labeled to show the items
represented by them.
▪ Axes XOX and YOY of the coordinate system divide the plane
into four parts. Each part is called a quadrant.

Quadrants
Quadrant Sign of x Sign of y
I positive positive
II negative positive
III negative negative
IV positive negative

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 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE - EAST
MATHEMATICS
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
NAME: ____________ CLASS: VIII SEC: _____ DATE: _________
Choose the correct answer:

1. In which of the following quadrant does the point A (4,-3) lie?

a) I b) II c) III d) IV
2. In which of the following quadrant does the point Q (-3,-2) lie?
a) I b) II c) III d) IV
3. Which of the following is an equation representing the X axis?
a) x = 0 b) y = 0 c) x = a d) y = a
4. The abscissa of a point is its distance from the
a) Origin b) x axis c) y axis d) none of these
5. The point (0, 4) lies on which of the following:
a) x-axis b) y-axis c) origin d) none of these.

Fill in the blanks:

6. The point where x-axis and y-axis meet is called ___________.

7. Perpendicular distance of the point (2,3) from x-axis is _________.

8. The ordinate of a point is its distance from the _______________.

Solve:

9. Write the coordinates of the given points:

a. 𝑦 coordinate is 7 and 𝑥 coordinate is 2.

b. Lies on 𝑥 axis and 3 units from 𝑦 axis.

10. Write the equation of a line which is parallel to y-axis at a distance of +5 unit.

11. What is the perpendicular distance of the point P(3,4) from the 𝑦 axis ?

12. Plot the points A (4, 1), B (-2, 1), C (-3,-2) and D (3,-2). What kind of quadrilateral is
ABCD? Find its area.

13. a. Plot the points (4,4), (-3,4) , (-2,4) , (-4.5,4), (0,4), (2.5, 4)

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 b. What do you observe about the coordinates of all six points?
c. Join all these points with straight lines. What do you observe? The line so
obtained is parallel to which axis?

14. Look at the map of the zoo.

a. What can be found at:
i. (1,2)
ii. (5,0)
iii. (8,9)
iv. (4,5)
b. What are the coordinates of:
i. the exit
ii. the camels
iii. the polar bears
iv. the penguins?

15. Consider the relation between the perimeter and the side of a regular pentagon, given by
P = 5a. Draw a graph to show this relation. From the graph, find the value of P when:
a. a = 5
b. a = 6

16. This graph shows Rupesh’s training run for a mini marathon.

a. How far did Rupesh travel from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m.?

b. What was his average speed from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m.?
c. When did he stop for a rest?
d. How far did he run altogether?
e. At what time did he start his return run?

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17. Sridhar drives his car constantly at a speed of 75km/h. Draw a distance-time graph for
this situation. From the graph, find
a. the time taken by Sridhar to travel 225 km.
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b. the distance covered by Sridhar in 42 hours.
18.The following diagram shows the temperatures during a day:

a. Plot the points on a graph and then join the points with straight lines.
b. Approximately when did the temperature first reach 30℃ ? Was the temperature
increasing or decreasing at this time?
c. For how long was the temperature above 40℃ ?
d. By how much did the temperature fall between 4 p.m. and 6 p.m.?

19. A metal piece is heated with the help of a burner and its temperature is noted at different
intervals of time, as given below in the table.

Time (t) in seconds 2 6 10 14

Temperature (T) in oC 19 27 35 43

Draw a graph for the above data and answer the following questions:
a. What is the temperature when t = 0?
b. What is the temperature when t = 7?
c. After what time the temperature was 39 oC?
20. The following graph represents the total runs scored by two batsmen A and B during each
of the ten different matches they played during the year 2019. Study the graph and answer the
questions that follows:

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a. What information is given on the two axes?
b. In which match did the two batsmen score same runs?
c. In which match was the score of batsman B minimum?
d. In which match was the score of batsman A maximum?

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