Great morning everyone! We’re the 4 th group and we’re here to discuss about Italy. Ciao!

Mi chiamo
Trisha, and I’m the first reporter for today’s videyOw.

So before anything else, itong si Italy kasi guys, sobrang daming nangyari sa history niya and hindi na
natin ‘yon idi-discuss dahil sobrang haba. Papahapyawan na lang namin kayo ng ibang events as we go
on to the discussion.

Now, let’s discuss the Italian flag. Also referred to as Il Tricolore, the Italian flag is comprised of 3 colors:
green, red, and white. So, bakit nga ba ‘yon yung kulay niya? Actually, wala ring nakakaalam. There is no
official meaning behind it. However, there are 3 interpretations according to various sources.

First is military. So chika ko muna ‘yong Unification period. Kasi before 1871, hindi pa unified ang Italy
into one country. Meaning, divided sila into several kingdoms and cities. Bakit? Because of the foreign
control of lands, especially ng Austria. Unifying the land kasi means that they have to give the Italians
full control of the territory, eh ayaw nila that’s why tumagal ‘yong Unification period ng 56 years, from
1815 to 1871. So going back to the flag, the first interpretation is galling daw sa kulay ng city ng Milan
‘yong colors ng flags. Since kan’ya-kan’ya nga sila noon, may sari-sarili rin silang flag that and color ng
militia (military). Sa Milan kasi, red and white ‘yong colors ng flag nila, and green naman ang military
uniform ng soldiers under them.

Next is religious. Ito naman, as we know, laganap ang Catholicism sa Italy and more on values and
interpretation dito. It is simply green for hope, white for faith, and red for charity.

Lastly, is the romantic interpretation. This one naman is the most popular and the most accepted
interpretation. Bali ayon sa interpretation na ‘to, the colors represent Italy itself. Green for the plains
and hills, white for the snowy Alps and other mountain regions, and red for the blood spilt in the Italian
wars for independence.

Okay, now let’s move deeper pa sa past, mga 753 BC–476 AD which is ‘yong panahon pa ng Ancient
Roman Civilization. Sabi nga ng tropa kong si Martin Luther King, Jr. , ““We are not makers of history.
We are made by history.”. Agree ba kayo? Press 1 if oo! And by that, we’ll discuss the contributions of
Ancient Rome to the world today. Ano nga ba ang ambag nila?

Una muna is in art and architecture. So disclaimer lang, hindi sila ‘yong unang nag-create ng concrete.
However, they had formed their own concrete -making technique which is mixing volcanic ash, lime, and
seawater. Tapos ginamit nila ‘to nang bonggang-bongga to the point na naging key building material sa
kanilang architecture. And hindi man sa kanila nagsimula, sila naman ang nagpalaganap. To add, sila rin
‘yong nagpasimuno ng domes (hindi ‘yong parang sa pup na paikot ha, bali ito yong mga pabilog na roof
ng buildings as you can see sa presentation) and sila rin ang nag-perfect ng mga arches to the point na
na-figure out nila kung paano ‘to makaka-support ng mas mabigat na weight kasi diba kung makikita
natin ‘yong structure niya sa presentation, parang maliit lang ‘yong gilid and mas buo ‘yong nasa taas.
Next is for the art, they usually use bronze and marble in making sculptures. An example here is the
bronze sculpture named the Orator, which was made noon pang 1 st century BCE.
For science and technology, they were the one who invented the aqueducts. So, an aqueduct is a bridge
carrying an artificial watercourse. In other words, kita niyo sa picture para siyang bridge tapos sa loob
n’yan, yong straight na pahabang part is may water and from the source, it will flow into the cities or
towns. Tapos for the farming tools and techniques, the Ancient Romans invented crop rotation system
which was called “food, feed, fallow” dati. Hahatiin nila ‘yong farm into three sections, food section ay
para sa pagkain ng tao, feed section for the oats and barley na pagkain ng livestock, and fallow ay empty
ground lang para ma-recover yong organic matter and nutrients na nawala sa nakaraang year. Bali
yearly, iikot ‘yang tatlong sections. They also practiced using manure, pruning, and using mills to process
grains.

For literature and language, Ancient Rome is famous for poetry. An example would be Metamorphosis
by Ovid, which is yong tao sa sculpture on the screen. It inspired various authors such as Geoffrey
Chaucer (kung familiar kayo sa the Canterbury Tales), Dante (yong author ng The Inferno if you’re
familiar), and William Shakespeare. For the language, ang main language kasi ng Romans ay Latin. As we
know, Latin has been the basis of various languages such as French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and
etc., tapos mostly ‘yong words in the English language ay Latin ‘yong root word. To add, the Latin
alphabet is also the basis of the English alphabet. Angas diba?

Last but not the least is the Law. ‘Yong Roman Law ay naging framework ng iba’t ibang civil laws. Some
of the concepts are checks and balances, vetoes, separation of powers, term limits, and regular
elections. Kaya kapag nagkaroon kayo ng subject na ObliCon or nagbasa kayo ng law book, may mga
mae-encouter kayo na Latin words or phrases.

So now, let’s proceed to Italy’s Geography, which will be discussed by Joselyn.

Hello ulit guys! We’ll now discuss the Cultural Dimensions of Italy according to the Cultural Dimensions
Theory. A quick background, this theory is from my bestie, Geert Hofstede. Noong, 1980, nagpa-survey
sila ng kanyang team on 100 IBM employees across 40 countries para malaman ‘yong cultural
preferences nila. So connected na ‘to sa topic namin sa IM and it’s important to learn and understand as
we integrate with other countries lalo sa workplace. Malay niyo diba magkaroon kayo ng workmate na
Italian ganern.

So Power Distance is how they view power relationships in organizations. So ang Italians daw, they
prefer equality and decentralization. Meaning, mas bet nila na lahat pwedeng magpahayag ng ideas and
mag-decide kahit subordinates or lower ranks, and may division of tasks na sinusunod. They prefer
teamwork, and ayaw nila ng masyadong formal and controlling na environment especially the younger
ones.

For Individualism, they prefer having their own personal ideas and objectives in life and they find
happiness through personal fulfillment. In short, they are independent and prefer autonomy when it
comes to their life goals ganern.

For masculinity, it doesn’t refer to the personality but rather the society they are in. Kasi dalawa yan
diba, kapag feminine society, the people focus more on caring for others and the quality of life. In
contrast, Italy has a masculine society which is highly success-oriented and driven. So bata pa lang,
tinuturuan na silang maging competitive and to win in life. For them, sobrang fulfilling magkaroon ng
status symbols such as cars, malalaking bahay, and other things na nagpapakita na they belong in a
higher status in the society. As for the working environment, they prefer to be in a place where they can
achieve success and of course, the competition among colleagues can be very strong.

Uncertainty Avoidance refer to the tolerance they have of unpredictability, and for Italians, it is very low.
Ayaw nila ng ambiguity. It will stress them out na hindi nila alam ‘yong mangyayari and hindi sila
comfortable in being spontaneous that’s why mas bet nila ‘yong detailed planning in processes.

Long term orientation is how they deal with time, which is the past, present and the future. Italians are
pragmatic, meaning they are focused sa kung ano ang nasa harap nila and they are realistic and
practical. They believe that truth depends very much on situation, context and time. It’s the opposite of
being idealistic na more on “what ifs”. In other words, they have a mindset na “it is what it is”.

Lastly, Indulgence which stands for the drive related to enjoying life and having fun. So, itong Italians,
they practice a restrained culture. By cynicism, they are really skeptic and pessimistic people when it
comes to enjoyment. Hindi nila masyadong ine-emphasize ‘yong leisure at satisfaction ng desires nila.
Alam niyo ‘yong feeling na kapag nag-eenjoy kayo ganon tapos parang may mali or hindi niyo deserve?
Ganon ‘yong perspective nila.

And to add lang pala guys, since 1980s pa ‘tong data, minsan hindi na siya relevant sa present kaya I
searched for a latest study that would back this up and I found an analysis made last 2021. So according
to that study, Italy shows less respect for power in all its manifestations and a greater willingness to take
risks than before. The country has become less goal-oriented, restrained, and masculine but more
collectivistic meaning mas binibigyan na nila ng halaga ‘yong needs and goals as a whole, not
individually. And with information, we can see na pati ang cultural perspectives ay nag-iiba kasabay ng
panahon.