NATIONAL SECURITY - The defense against any form of political oppression.
It is
National Security - a state or condition wherein the people's welfare,
well-being, ways of life; government and its institutions; territorial
integrity; sovereignty; and core values are enhanced and protected.
Coverage of National Security
1. Economic Security
- financial security is the condition of having a stable income
or other resources to support a standard of living now and
in the foreseeable future.
- As the ability of individuals, households or communities to
cover their essential needs sustainably and with dignity.
- Food, basic shelter, clothing and hygiene qualify as essential
needs, as does the related expenditure; the essential assets
needed to earn a living, and the costs associated with health
care and education also qualify.
- Economic freedom is the fundamental right of every human
to control his or her own labor and property. In an
economically free society, individuals are free to work,
produce, consume, and invest in any way they please.
Poverty
- a serious threat to national security, especially to the extent
that it breeds and abets rebellion, crime and dissidence
- Poverty incidence affects about one-third of Filipino families
nationwide.
- 9% of Filipinos Aged 6 to 24 years are Out of School (Results
from the 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey)
Threats in Economic Security
o Currency crisis - typically develops over several years, and
can, for example, be caused by excessive deficits on the
trade of balance or the balance of payments, inflation
spinning out of control, or borrowing abroad by either the
public or private sector becoming too excessive, etc.
o Inflation - It was the first time that inflation accelerated
since last September, as both cost of food and housing &
utilities increased faster.
o Unemployment
o Economic Disparity - The unequal distribution of income
and opportunity between different groups in society. It is a
concern in almost all countries around the world and often
people are trapped in poverty with little chance to climb
up the social ladder.
2. Energy Security and Natural Resources Security
- Threats: Oil security, natural gas security, electricity security
- The ability of a nation to secure sufficient, affordable and
consistent energy supplies for its domestic, industrial,
transport and military requirements is termed Energy
Security.
- It means that current and future energy needs have a high
probability of being met, irrespective of economic or
political instability.
- It is the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an
affordable price while respecting the environment
- The availability of natural resources for energy
consumption.
- Access to cheap energy has become essential to functioning
of modern economics.
3. Environmental Security
- Threat: Severe calamities
- The relative public safety from environmental dangers
caused by natural or human processes due to ignorance,
accident, mismanagement or design and originating within
or across national borders
4. Political Security
- Threat: Graft and corruption
concerned with whether people live in a society that honors
their basic human rights.
5. Military Security
- It implies the capability of a nation-state to defend itself,
and/or deter military aggression. Alternatively, military
security implies the capability of a nation-state to enforce
its policy choices by use of military force.
- The term "military security" is considered synonymous with
"security" in much of its usage.
Threats in Military Security
 New People’s Army - The military wing of the Communist
Party of the Philippines (CCP). The NPA primarily targets
Philippines security forces, politicians, judges, government
informers, former rebels who wish to the NPA, rival
splinter groups, and alleged criminals.
 Abu Sayyaf Group - It is an Islamic separatist groups
operating in the southern Philippines and claims to
promote an independent Islamic state in western
Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.
 Organized Crime - It is a conspiratorial enterprise engaged
in illicit activities as a means of generating income.
Organized crime is a national security concern.
 Notable criminally-active gangs in the Philippines: Aludig-
Boys, Akyat-Bahay Gang, Bahala Na Gang, Budol-Budol
Gang, Dugo-Dugo Gang, Kuratong Baleleng, Martilyo Gang,
Salisi Gang
 Smuggling - The smuggling of firearms and contraband,
illegal migration and the occasional movement of foreign
terrorists through the porous borders of our southwestern
frontier have elicited transnational concern. Philippine law
enforcement agencies work closely with international
police organizations, bilaterally and multilaterally, to check
these activities.
DISASTER AWARENESS, PREPAREDNESS AND
MANAGEMENT
Disasters
- serious disruptions to the functioning of a community that
exceed its capacity to cope using its own resources.
- Disasters can be caused by natural, man-made and
technological hazards, as well as various factors that
influence the exposure and vulnerability of a community.
Hazards
- any phenomena that has the potential to cause destruction
to life and property.
- A hazard become a disaster when the potential to cause
destruction is fulfilled. When there is harm to life and
property of humans, the hazard is termed a disaster.
- All disasters are hazards, but all hazards are not disasters
Disaster
- Disasters therefore can and should be prevented. We can
prevent hazards from leading to disasters by helping
communities to be prepared, reduce their risks and become
more resilient.
- "Disasters happen when a community is “not appropriately
resourced or organized to withstand the impact, and whose
population is vulnerable because of poverty, exclusion or
socially disadvantaged in some way”
Four Phases of Disaster Management
 Mitigation - To prevent future emergencies and take steps
to minimize their effects
 Preparedness - To take action ahead of time to be ready
for an emergency
 Response - To protect people and property in the wake of
an emergency, disaster or crisis
  Recovery - To rebuild after a disaster in an effort to return
operations back to normal
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
- A preventative plan designed to reduce harmful effects of a
disaster like hurricane or extreme storms
Creating Disaster Management Plan
1. Identify Hazard – it’s important to plan for the type of hazards
your household could potentially experience based on your
location. A few possible hazards to include in your planning are:
 Flood, typhoon, fire, volcanic eruption,
earthquake, landslide, tsunami
2. Create a Preparedness Plan – Everyone in your household
should be on the same page when it comes to emergency
situations and how you’ll handle them. Part of the process of
developing an emergency response plan should include holding
a family meeting. During the meeting, focus on creating a
disaster preparedness plan.
 The types of disasters likely to occur in your area
 How you can get information in the event of an
emergency
 How you’ll evacuate if needed
 Where you’ll meet if you need to leave and get
separated
 How you’ll communicate with one another
 What you’ll do about household pets
 The safe spot in your home
3. Gather Supplies and Prepare – stock up on supplies to keep
your family fed, hydrated, comfortable and warm in the event
of an emergency. The centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) recommend having a three-day supply of food
on hand in case you are unable to leave your home or in case of
supply chain disruption. The food you keep on hand should
 Not required refrigeration or cooking
 Have a long shelf life
 Be low in salt
 Be appropriate for babies and any adults who follow a
special diet
- GO BAG: Foods, first aid kit, tools, hygiene kit, money id
important documents, powerbank, flashlight and radio
4. Practice your plan
- Practice makes perfect, including a family emergency plan.
Doing test runs or drills of your plan can help you smooth
out any wrinkles or find solutions to any problems that
come up before a real emergency occurs.
- Since situations can change from year to year, practicing
your plan once or twice a year allows you to make
adjustments as needed. During the covid-19 pandemic, your
evacuation plan should include a plan for protecting your
household members from the virus, particularly if you end
up having to go to public shelter.
5. Protect your Home and Family – In addition to having a plan in
place in the event of an emergency, there are steps you can
take to protect your family and house from the damage caused
by disasters.
o Install the right equipment
o Keep the area around your home clutter free
o Care for trees and shrubs
o Clean your gutters
o Barricade your windows
o Maintain your home’s systems
o Purchase the right amount of insurance
What to do after a disaster occurs?
- Largely depend on whether you had to evacuate your home
or not. If you did have to leave your home, its best to wait
until local officials give you the all-clear that it is safe to
return.
- When you get to your home, proceed with caution. You
might want to inspect the outside of the house first, walking
around the perimeter to assess any damage. When you do
go back into your home, keep an eye out for the following:
o Cracks in the walls, ceiling and along the
foundation
o Damage to water pipes
o A rotten egg smell, which is the sign of a gas leak
o The state of the electrical system- if possible, turn
the electricity off.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
First Aid
- the care a sick or injured person gets before they get full
medical treatment. In some cases, it may be the only care
someone needs, while in others, it may keep them safe until
paramedics arrive or someone else gets them to the
hospital.
- Can include everything from bandaging a minor wound to
preventing shock to keeping someone’s heart beating
during a cardiac event. Ideally, it should be performed by
someone who’s taken a class and is certified in first aid, but
if no one is available, anyone with some basic knowledge
can pitch in.
When Someone is unconscious or unresponsive, a basic tenet of
first aid is ABC:
Airway: If someone’s not breathing, clear their airway
Breathing: If the airway is clear and they’re still not breathing,
provide rescue breathing
Circulation: chest compression to keep blood circulation should be
performed along with rescue breathing. If the person is breathing
but unresponsive, check their pulse to see of their heart has stopped
and, if so, provide chest compression.
An Alternate and Simpler version of the ABCS is:
Awake? If not, try to wake them. If they don’t wake up, make sure
someone is calling 911 and move on to B
Breathing? If not, start rescue breathing and chest compression. If
so, move on to C
Continue Care: Follow instructions from 911 or continue treatment
until an ambulance arrives.
Someone courses also include D and possibly E, as well:
- D can stand for disability assessment, which is fairly
complicated for someone without medical training. It also
sometimes stands for deadly bleeding, which needs to be
stopped, or defibrillator if someone's heart has stopped and
an automated external defibrillator (AED) device is
available.
- E stands for examination- evaluating the person for signs of
injury, bleeding, allergies, or other problems once you know
they're breathing and their heart is beating.
People often don’t consider the importance of basic firstaid
education, there are numerous reasons why people put it off:
1. They don't have the time
2. They don't know where to begin
3. They don't believe that accidents will ever happen to them
or those close to them
4. They think they already have enough knowledge should
the need arise
5 reasons why basic first aid knowledge is important:
1. Helps to save lives.
2. It allows the rescuer to provide the victim comfort.
 3. It gives you tools to prevent the situation from becoming
worse.
4. It creates the confidence to care.
5. It encourages healthy and safe living.

FIRST AID: BANDAGING

- Covering a break in the skin helps to control bleeding and

protect against infection. Dressings are pads of gauze or
doth that can be placed directly against the wound to
absorb blood and other fluids. Cloth bandages cover
dressings and hold them in place.

Bandaging:

Step 1: Dress the wound

 Put on gloves or use other protection to avoid contact

with the victim's blood,
 Clean the wound with mild soap and water,
 Apply a small layer of topical antibiotic if desired.
 Place a clean dressing over the entire wound, Gauze
dressings let in all for faster healing, Nonstick dressings
lave a special surface that won't ding to the wound,
 If blood soaks through the dressing, place another
dressing over the first one.

Step 2: Cover the bandage

1. Wrap roller gauze or cloth strips over the dressing and

around the wound several times
2. Extend the bandage at least an inch beyond both sides of
the dressing,
3. Don't wrap the bandage so tight that it interferes with
blood Now to healthy tissue.

Step 3: Secure the bandage

o Tie or tape the bandage in place.

o Don't secure the bandage so tight that lingers or toes
become pale or blue

Step 4: Check circulation

 Check circulation in the area below the bandage after

several minutes and again after several hours. If
circulation is poor, the skin may look pale or blue or feel
cold. Signs of poor Circulation also include numbness and
tingling.
 If circulation is reduced, loosen the bandage immediately.
If symptoms continue, seek medical attention,