Chapter 1

The Problem and It's Background

Introduction

Looking at paper and plastic bags and the impact of it in environment,

is very important and timely to take into account. This does not simply

mean looking at how the bags are disposed or how long it will take to

decompose. Instead, the entire life cycle of the bag needs to be

considered, and this includes looking at how bags are made, its raw

materials and how they are later consummated. In addition to this, the

amount of energy used to transport the bags from the place of origin, plus

the environmental cost of storage, are some factors to be considered too.

Whether paper bags or plastic bags are best, or perhaps least worst,

for the environment is frequently discussed. Most people, without giving

the matter a great deal of thought, would automatically think that plastic

bags were the biggest hazard to the environment. We are all aware of the

eyesore that plastic bags can cause. Lightweight plastic bags can get

caught by the wind and get blown away from bins. They can get caught in

trees, get blown into fields where they can cause problems for livestock or

enter rivers or the sea where they can kill fish, marine life and birds.

1
 On the other hand, when we think of paper, we often think of recycled

paper bags which, in return, can be recycled. Paper conjures up an image

of a natural product while plastic gives the image of something artificial

that harms the environment. In reality, however, both paper and plastic

have their negative points and cause harm to the environment.

The issues regarding paper vs. plastic bags are important and as

such regular research is being carried out by governments, organizations

and corporations throughout the world looking at the long term effect on

the environment of these products as well as developing alternatives.

There are many places to look for up-to-date information. When looking

for information on the Internet, it is always important to bear in mind that

information can be presented in ways that will help further a cause.

2
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

almost all groceries, restaurants, and other establishments where we

used to go Nowadays used paper bags to package and carry items. After

some hearing and some studies of Senate Bill No 2759 or the Total Plastic

Ban Act, establishments all over the country either use paper bags or

scrap boxes.

Several municipalities already passed ordinances for an expanded

version of the law. For example, Los Baños now prohibits the use of

plastic straws, plastic cups, and plates through Municipal Ordinance No.

2014-1316. It’s called the Expanded Plastic Ordinance of the Municipality

of Los Baños.

Such efforts to save the environment are being replicated by other

towns and cities in the country.

At the end of this study, the researchers will be able to generalize

and/or at least come up with a conclusion on which will be the best choice

of instrument to use whether Plastic Bags or Paper Bags. In lieu to this,

there will be gathering of conclusive proofs that the administration will take

3
 immediate measure of to bring about the demand of this issue.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents with regards to age, gender,

Place of market and bags used?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Place of markets that customers recently go

1.4 Bags used of the respondents

2. What are the advantages and harful effects of using plastic and paper

bags?

3. What bag is preferable by the buyers?

4. What kind of bags is environment friendly?

4
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is focused on the Conveniency of the Paper and Plastic

Bags that is commonly used in markets here in Trece Martires City.

This study is limited to 100 selected markets Customers in Trece

Martires City, Cavite. Hence, the data that will be acquired is based

from the Respondents who were delimited for this study. The initial

population of Trece Martires City is 155,713 people.

Table 1. Number of respondents of the study

Section Frequency Percentage Total

Female 76 76% 100

Male 23 23% 100

No Answer 1 1% 100

5
 Total 100 100%

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted to give beneficial effect to the following:

Researchers

This study will be beneficial to the researchers and future researcher

for they will be informed about the study and comparison between Paper

bags and Plastic Bags

Respondents

This study will be beneficial to the Respondents of this study because

they will be informed about the advantages and disadvantages of Paper

Bags and Plastic Bags that most of them are currently using

Society

This study will be beneficial to the Society that are included in our

study. They will learn more information about the comparison of Paper

Bags and Plastic Bags.

6
7
 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 represents the variables and concept related to this study. It

discusses the determination of the respondent's profile and data.

Determination of the Conveniency of either Plastic bags and Paper bags were

obtained through modifies questionnaires made by the researchers. Results

of the use of Paper bags and Plastic bags were correlated to the conveniency

and its uses.

Research Paradigm

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Input Process Output

1.What is the profile Increased the

1.Preparation of
of the respondents?
positive effects of
questions
2.What are the using paper bags in
advantages of paper
and plastic bags? the market
2. Collection of data
3.Which of the Increased the
materials is
advantages and
convenient to the 3. Analysis of results
buyers? uses of paper bags

4. How does the

material differ from 4. Suggestion and
the other one?
Recommendation

8
Definition of Terms

Biodegradable Bags. are bags that are capable of being decomposed by

bacteria or other living organisms. Every year approximately 500 billion to 1

trillion plastic bags are used worldwide.

Kg. The kilogram (abbreviation, kg) is the Standard International (SI) System

of Units unit of mass. It is defined as the mass of a particular international

prototype made of platinum-iridium and kept at the International Bureau of

Weights and Measures.

Gal. A customary unit of volume for liquid measure. 1 gallon = 4 quarts.

Greenhouse Gas.Greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere absorb IR

from the sun and release it. Some of the heat released reaches the earth,

along with heat from the sun that has penetrated the atmosphere. Both the

solar heat and the radiated heat are absorbed by the earth and released;

some is reabsorbed by greenhouse gases to perpetuate the cycle. The more

of these gases that exists, the more heat is prevented from escaping into

space and, consequently, the more the earth heats. This increase in heat is

called the greenhouse effect.

Common examples of greenhouse gases, listed in order of abundance,

include: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and any

fluorocarbons.

9
Life Cycle Assessment. (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis,

ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess

environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from

raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture,

distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.

Designers use this process to help critique their products.

ASEAN. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in

1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to

promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability.

Baggers. is a person whose job is to put customers' purchases into bags at a

supermarket or other store.

Paper Bags. A paper bag is a bag made of paper, usually kraft paper.

Paper bags are commonly used as shopping bags, packaging, and sacks.

Plastic Bags. A type of packaging made of thin, flexible,plastic film, starch,

or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and

consumer goods.

10
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, RELATED STUDIES, CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK, DEFINITION OF TERMS

This chapter presents a review of local and foreign literature and studies

which have relevance to the study.

Related Foreign Literature

There are other alternatives that individuals have also proposed in place of

plastic bags. These alternatives include paper and biodegradable bags,

although negative environmental impacts are still associated with their usage.

Per Taylor and Villas-Boas (2016), paper bags require more energy to

produce than plastic bags. Paper bags also produce 50x more water

pollutants in production, are heavier, and take up more space in landfills. By

replacing one type of disposable bag for another, we are simply shifting

environmental costs around, but ultimately still negatively impacting the

environment. They also found that taxing plastic bag usage was only effective

when reusable alternatives were provided as a cheap replacement option

(Taylor et al., 2016). The articles written by both Stern (2007) and Weisman

(2007), and the research conducted by Runjic-Sokele & Baric (2009), also

address the potential of biodegradable bags by taking a constructionist

approach in their analysis of the term “biodegradable.” Each article notes that

biodegradable bags may not decompose in the natural environment, but

instead require specific circumstances which are sometimes only achieved in

11
industrial compost plants. Because of this, biodegradable bags which do not

decompose pose the same issues to wildlife that plastic bags do, and, in

combination with their high cost, are not a viable replacement for single-use

plastic bags (Stern, 2007).

According to the study, the manufacturing of 1,000 paper bags, incorporating

30% recycled content, uses 2,622 MJ of energy versus 763 MJ for the

production of enough plastic bags to carry an equivalent amount of goods.

The paper bags generate 33.9 kg of solid municipal waste versus 7.0 kg for

plastic. The paper bags require 1,004 gal of water in their manufacture

compared with only 58 gal for plastic bags. (Boustead, 2007)

Related Foreign Studies

A study conducted by the Australian Department of the Environment &

Heritage said manufacturing plastic bags generates about one-half of the

greenhouse gas emissions of, and requires less than one-third of the energy

used in, paper bag production. Similarly, a study by the South African

government noted that manufacture of plastic grocery bags consumes 23%

less energy and generates 76% less solid waste than does production of

paper bags.

Bryan Early, plastic waste reduction campaign coordinator for Californians

Against Waste, supports the plastic bag bans in San Francisco and Oakland.

He also supported a proposed law that was recently struck down in California

that would have required retailers to meet recycling benchmarks or face a fee

on plastic and paper bags.

According to Early, life-cycle assessment studies have ignored other pollution

12
problems. "The main reason we are targeting plastic bags and certain other

materials is that they are prone to be littered," he says. "Once they are

littered, they end up in the environment. How long they persist, we really don't

know."

Early cites a report compiled last year by the staff of the Los Angeles County

Board of Supervisors. It said local landfills and waste-transfer stations spend

between $1,500 and $25,000 monthly on patrols that pick up plastic bag litter.

Los Angeles evaluated the waste in the city's storm drain catch basins and

found that 25% of it by mass was plastic bags.

Much of this plastic ends up in the world's oceans. Environmental activists

point to the North Pacific Central Gyre, an area in the Pacific Ocean about the

size of Texas where ocean debris accumulates. Dubbed the "Great Pacific

Garbage Patch," the area is home to six times by weight more plastic particles

than zooplankton, according to Long Beach, Calif.-based Algalita Marine

Research Foundation.

And plastics can be deadly to marine animals. For instance, environmentalists

say, sea turtles eat plastic bags, confusing them for jellyfish.

However much proponents and opponents of plastic bags disagree, they

agree on one thing: Reusable bags are probably better than either paper or

plastic. "What every study finds is that the clear solution to this problem is

reusable bags," Early says.

Related Local Literature

Almost all groceries, restaurants, and other establishments we go to

13
nowadays use paper bags to package and carry items we buy. (Reynaldo C.

Lugtu Jr, 2018)

Since the passage of Senate Bill No 2759 or the Total Plastic Ban Act,

establishments all over the country either use paper bags or scrap cardboard

boxes.

Several municipalities already passed ordinances for an expanded version of

the law. For example, Los Baños now prohibits the use of plastic straws,

plastic cups, and plates through Municipal Ordinance No. 2014-1316. It’s

called the Expanded Plastic Ordinance of the Municipality of Los Baños.

Such efforts to save the environment are being replicated by other towns and

cities in the country.

Other ASEAN member states have joined the global bandwagon to fight

plastic pollution. Brunei Darussalam wants to stop the use of plastic bags in

supermarkets by 2019, and shoppers are encouraged to use reusable eco-

friendly bags for grocery shopping.

The paper bag has become the symbol of a new environmental revolution

that’s sweeping the country and the world over. Conversely, the plastic bag

has become the symbol of environmental scourge.

14
Because plastic bags are not biodegradable, its destructive impacts to

environment is huge—from clogging drainage and causing floods to killing

wildlife in rivers and oceans.

Despite these efforts, there is still an estimated 500 billion to one trillion plastic

bags used worldwide annually and half a million plastic straws used around

the globe every day.

While the biodegradable paper bag presents a tempered solution to the

harmful effects of plastic bags, is its use a sustainable solution to protect the

environment?

Paper comes from trees. Producing paper consumes natural resources

primarily trees, lots of trees.

According to the National Cooperative Grocers Association, the U.S.

consumes 10 billion paper grocery bags each year, requiring 14 million trees.

Paper bag production requires trees to be cut down, therefore reducing a

major absorber of greenhouse gases.

Related Local Studies

15
The ban on plastic bags had led to the increased use of brown paper bags

and even newspapers as food wraps, thus raising “potential public health and

safety hazard,” an industry official said.

In a statement, plastic industry spokesman Crispian Lao warned that using

brown paper and newspapers as food wrap is “not safe given the chemicals

they contain and the uncertainty about where the recycled waste paper come

from.”

Lao noted that health authorities in the Philippines and in other developing

countries have not yet issued any standards that would qualify such recycled

paper as safe as food wrap.

“We are raising this fact not to bring down paper but to point out the

unintended and costly consequences of the plastic ban, which in most

instances has denied the public a cheap food-grade wrapping material,”

(Crispian Lao, 2012)

There have been efforts in the Philippines to limit the use of plastic bags to

address the garbage problem. Some supermarkets and department stores, for

instance, have assigned a specific day when they will charge a certain

amount for plastic bags to encourage customers to bring their own bags.

Lao, however, claimed that in supermarkets, the plastic ban had also given

rise to some problems. “Baggers before used to make sure that food is kept

16
from other items like soap and other non-food items by using individual plastic

bags.”

“But without plastic, all the items are thrown together in the consumer’s bag or

in the cartons provided by the supermarkets,” (Crispian Lao, 2012)

Lao claimed the plastic ban should be lifted. And instead, people should be

allowed to choose between paper and plastic “as is done in developed

countries that had studied the consequences of a plastic ban and know that it

does not work.”

“Our irresponsible ways of disposing of plastic and other waste is to blame,

not plastic. We are the problem; (so) we are also the solution. Banning plastic

misses the problem completely. It is an egregious mismatch between problem

and solution,” he added.

Lao had sought a “comprehensive approach from segregation to collection to

transport to dumpsites” to resolve the country’s garbage problems.

“The law is adequate. What is not is the enforcement,” he maintained.

The statement showed that the plastic ban also carries environmental costs

because one ton of papers requires the cutting of 17 trees “that would have

17
helped absorb carbon dioxide in the air among other things.”

To make one paper bag, a gallon of clean water is needed, which is all that is

required to make 116 plastic bags.

HYPOTHESIS

One thing that many consumers take into account when it comes to bag is its

capacity to hold an item. Plastic shopping bags outperform paper bags

environmentally – on manufacturing, on reuse, and on solid waste volume and

generation.

The belief that paper is better than plastic is not based on science or fact. It is

based on misconceptions about how plastic bags are made, how landfills

work, the incidence of plastic litter, and that non-biodegrading products are

bad for the planet.

Each individual will be informed about the eco-impact and conveniency of

paper bags and plastic bags. We will be able to determine which is more

efficient to use in stores, restaurants and/or establishments that uses papers

and plastics as their bags.

More individual will be informed about the efficiency and inadequacy of either

of the two subject. The competencies of information about the differences will

18
be finalized through this study.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

In this part, the researchers will discuss the methods used

and the procedures applied to obtain the data needed in this

study.

Research Method

The method used by the researchers in this study is the

quantitative survey. Quantitative survey data has a number

associated with it. Quantitative data can be as simple as tye

percent of people responding "yes" or "no" to a specific question.

However, one of the most valuable uses of quantitative survey

19
data comes from questions that are scaled.

Quantitative data permits an understanding of the magnitude

response. Quantitative data can tell us, for example, the extent to

which one political candidate is favored over another.

Quantitative survey data can also be used to explore

relationship between attitude and behaviors, and even enable

predictions. For example, it is possible to use quantitative survey

data to determine the livelihood or probability that a person will

use a given prodcut given their attitude towards other products.

This can be done using linear regressions, which correlate

independent variables (or questions) with dependent variables (or

comprehensive 'big picture' questions). Tjos can pinpoint

important factors/issues.

Research Design

The subject of the study are the Markets Customers of

Trece Martires City, Cavite.

The researchers used the unrestricted random sampling

under scientific design due to no restrictions imposed; each

respondents is given an equal chance of being included in the

sample.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are One Hundred (100) random

market customers from Trece Martires City, Cavite whom are

20
present at the time of the distribution of the questionnaires.

Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers developed a questionnaire with a polar

questions and alternative questions to gather the requires

information. This was the main instrument in gathering data. Aside

from the questionnaire, documentary analysis, and observations

were used to gather the information needed in this study.

The researchers adopted the mentioned instrument and

technique which were most appropriate for gaining insights of the

Paper bags VS. Plastic bags conveniency of the market

costumers in Trece Martires City, Cavite.

The questionnaire has three parts. First is the demographic

profile. The first question involves the personal data about them.

Second is the polar questions about the efficiency and

conveniency of plastic and paper bags for them. The last part

uses the alternative questions which made them choose which

was more relevant and preferred by their own choices.

Responses were drawn from the participants and were

studied, analyzed, and tallied by the researchers in Trece Martires

City. The survey were done by the researchers.

21
 Validation of the Research Instrument

The template of questionnaires was validated by the adviser

that was related to this study.

Sample Collection

Consent was given to the respondents. Upon approval, survey

questionnaires were given and the respondents were oriented for

asking questions and conducting an interview. After the orientation

and brief explanation, the questionnaires were given to the Market

Customers.

Data Gathering Procedure

For the needad data for the study, securing a permit from the

school administration to conduct a survey was necessary. After

securing the said permit, the researchers administered the

questionnaires to the respondents while giving them some

background information on what are our intentions and what the

study was all about.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Individual responses were put in table for the statistical treatment.

Mean is the appropriate statistical tool because there is only one

22
descriptive interpretation that describes the Conveniency of Paper

Bags VS. Plastic Bags.

The formula for the mean is:

x̅ = ------------

Where: x̅ = mean

= Total scale in every question

N= total number of respondents

To answer Part 1 = Profile Percentage is used. The formula is

% = (Σfx/n) 100

% = symbol for percentage

Σ = symbol for summation

Fx= symbol for frequency multiply by the respondents

N = sample size

100 = constant number

To answer part 2 - Frequency Distribution table is used. The

formula is

P= F/N x 100

P= percentage

F= Frequency

N= Total number of respondents

23
 100= constant number

Ms. Rosette B. Constantino, LPT

Class Adviser & Thesis Statistician

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents analysis and interprets the data gathered from the

survey tool based on specific problems cited previously and the hypothesis

set at the beginning of the study. All the information on different profiles of the

respondents were set in tables indicating their frequency distribution and

24
percentage with its descriptive interpretation.

The findings of the study were presented in two parts.

Part I

Profiles the respondents, which displays the frequency distribution on the

socio- demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of age,

gender, place of market and bags that they use.

Part II

Discusses the level of efficiency of either papers bags and plastic bags

among Market Costumers in Trece Martires City, Cavite It also presents the

choice of respondents based on the use and conveniency of paper bags and

plastic bags.

Part 1: PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The population group of the study composed of One Hundred (100 )

selected market costumers in Trece Martires City, Cavite. We were able to

determine their Age, Gender, Location for shopping and their bags used that

were correlated to this study.

Table 1.1 Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to

25
Age.

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

12-20 78 78% 1

21-29 6 6% 3

30 up 15 15% 2

No answer 1 1% 4

Total 100 100%

Table 1.1 Shows the age of the respondents ranging from 12-30 years old

and above. It is clearly shown that most of the respondents were aged 12-20

with frequency distribution of 78 or 78%. Those aged 21-29 years old with a

frequency distribution of 6 or 6% ranked third; Respondents aged 30 above

with frequency distribution of 15 or 15% ranked second; Respondents who

didn't indicated their gender with frequency distribution of 1 or 1% ranked last.

The data indicated that most of the respondents belong to 12-20 years of age,

which implies that most of the market customers are mostly young adults.

Table 1.2 Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to

Gender.

26
 Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 23 23%

Female 76 76%

No answer 1 1%

Total 100 100%

Table 1.2 Indicates that 23 or 26% of the respondents are male; and 76

or 76% are female; 1 or 1% didn't indicated their gender. The data indicated

that most of the market customers are Female.

Table 1.3 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Place of

their Markets.

Gender Frequency Percentage

27
SM Supermarket 21 21%

Puregold 13 13%

Wet and Dry Market 53 53%

Walter Mart 6 6%

Unknown 7 7%

Total 100 100%

Table 1.3 Indicates the respondents markets. 21 or 21% of the

respondents chose SM Supermarket; 13 or 13% chose Puregold; 53 or 53%

chose Wet and Dry Market; 6 or 6% chose Walter Mart; and 7 or 7% are

unknown. This data indicates that most of the market customers buys from

the Wet and Dry Market.

Table 1.4 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to their

Bags Used.

28
 Gender Frequency Percentage

Eco Bag 40 40%

Paper Bag 25 25%

Plastic Bag 13 13%

Other bags 17 17%

Total 100 100%

Table 1.4 shows the population according to their bags used. 40 or 40%

are using Eco Bag; 25 or 25% prefer using Paper Bags; 13 or 13% prefer

using Plastic Bags; 17 or 17% didn't gave an answer.

29
 Part 2: CONVENIENCY OF PAPER BAGS VS. PLASTIC BAGS

Table 2.1 Shows the respondents total answers. Based on the gathered data,

Most respondents thought and agreed that Paper Bags are more efficient,

Most of the respondents also have enough knowledge about the effects of

paper and plastic bags to our environment which makes them aware of this

controversial issue. Most of them uses eco-friendly bags which are more

preferred by most of our markets. Most of the respondents also thought that

plastics are more harmful in our environment. Respondents are convinced

that Paper Bags are more convenient than Plastic Bags in Super Markets.

Overall, this table shows the answers regarding towards the research.

Table 2.1

Questions YES NO TOTA

1. Do you think Paper Bags are efficient? 81% 19% 100%

2. Do you think Plastic Bags are efficient? 28% 72% 100%

3. Do you have enough knowledge about the 95% 5% 100%

effects of plastic and paper bags in our

environment?

4. Do you use eco-friendly bags? 88% 12% 100%

5. Do you think plastics will harm our environment? 88% 12% 100%

6. Do you think papers will harm our environment? 30% 70% 100%

7. Does the officials gives you permission to use 34% 66% 100%

plastic bags on your city?

30
8. Are you aware that Paper Bags are made up of 84% 16% 100%

Trees?

9. Do you think Papers Bags are more convenient 81% 19% 100%

than Plastic bags in Super Markets?

10. Do you segregate the non-biodegradable and 81% 19% 100%

biodegradable waste after use?

31
Table 2.2 This table shows which has more productivity between Plastic Bags

and Paper Bags. Respondents was able to choose between the two bags. On

the first question, Paper Bags has the most votes that an avoid floods.

Second question, It was almost the same but Plastic Bags had more votes to

which it uses more energy when being produced. Third question, Paper Bags

has the most votes to which it was more relevant when being recycled. Fourth

question, Plastic Bags has the most votes in which it's more irritating to look at

a city. Last question, Paper Bags has the most answer that it will benefit our

country when used properly.

Table 2.2

Questions and Choices

Frequency Percentage

1. Which of the bags do

you think can lessen the

adversity (ex. Floods)

A. Plastic Bags A. 28 A. 28%

B. Paper Bags B. 72 B. 72%

2. Which do you think

uses more energy in

production?

A. Plastic Bags A. 55 A. 55%

32
B. Paper Bags B. 45 B. 45%

3. Which do you think is

more relevant when

recycled?

A. Plastic Bags A. 40 A. 40%

B. Paper Bags B. 60 B. 60%

4. Which waste is more

irritating in the city?

A. Plastic Bags A. 80 A. 80%

B. Paper Bags B. 20 B. 20%

5. Which type of bags do

you think will benefit our

city when used properly?

A. Plastic Bags A. 31 A. 31%

B. Paper Bags B. 69 B. 69%

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

33
A. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This study was conducted on January 2019 to determine the Plastic

bags VS. Paper bags conveniency among selected market customers in

Trece Martires City, This study aim to: (1) Determine the demographic

profile of the respondents. (2) Determine the Conveniency of either Plastic

Bags and Paper Bags.

One hundred market costumers in Trece Martires City were surveyed

as participants in the study. The participants were specifically Market

Customers. They were given questionnaires made and were interviewed

by the researchers.

The data was then collated and analyzed by the researchers using

Frequency Distribution Table. Plastic Bags VS. Paper Bags conveniency

was determined. The results were then analyzed to know if it will show

any significance in the study.

FINDINGS

34
1. The selected Market Customers was surveyed by the researchers, they

were able to determine the conveniency of Plastic bags and Paper bags to

market customers.

2. The selected Market Customers got multiple opinion from both bags that

may help them in their daily life.

3. The efficiency and conveniency of using Paper Bags and Eco Bags in

selected Market Customers were immense that they chose it over Plastic

Bags.

4. The selected Market Customers has enough knowledge about the effects

of plastic bags and paper bags in our environment. They are convinced to use

Eco bags instead.

5. The selected Market Customers agreed that Paper Bags has more benefits

and conveniency than using Plastic Bags.

35
B. CONCLUSION

Based on the above findings, the researchers arrived at the following

conclusions.

1. Majority of the respondents fall between 12 - 21 years of age, Female,

Market Customers at Trece Martires City.

2. All of the respondents approved that it is convenient to use Paper Bags at

this type of environment. They have enough knowledge of their differences

and majority of them agreed that Paper Bags are much more necessary in

Markets.

3. Majority of the respondents finds Plastic Bags irritating in our City since it

clogs the canals, and costs more energy in production. Plastic Bags has also

a higher percent votes that may cause our City to suffer from floods.

4. Majority of the respondents are able to answer the difference between the

two bags, Plastic Bags is indeed strong and can withhold heavy items

however its after use effect brings catastrophe to our world, However in Paper

bags, it has the ability to hold an item but can be broken once it gets wet,

crampled or destroyed.

5. Majority of the respondents approved that Paper Bags has more relevancy

and benefits to our world when used properly and recycled.

36
C. RECOMMENDATION

1. To The Future Rearchers. The researchers recommend to deepen the

study to clearly elaborate the conveniency of either plastic bags and paper

bags in our city. Encourage and also spread knowledge about the

sustainability and conveniency of a bag that we use in some markets.

2. To The Respondents. The researchers recommend to use the bags they

are most comfortable with. In an essential way we encourage them to use

both convenient to the customers and to our environment.

3. To The Market Stores. The researchers recommend to use Eco-Friendly

Bags or Paper Bags that may be convenient not only to the buyers but also to

the productivity of our world. We concern not only the durability of a bag, but

also the effects of its usage.

4. To The Makers of Bags. The researchers recommend to create a bag that

would not only benefit them and the buyers, but also our environment. Bags

like eco bags should be more advertised.

5. To All Market Costumers. The researchers recommend, either of the two

bags, Each and everyone should be aware of its advantages and harmful

effects of its uses. We encourage them to use bags that would both be

convenient to them and to the environment

37
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.jeffjournal.org/papers/Volume7/7.1.3Muthu.pdf

https://cen.acs.org/articles/86/i33/Case-Paper-Versus-Plastic.html

http://www.allaboutbags.ca/papervplasticstudies.html

https://www.manilatimes.net/paper-vs-plastic/448455/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

234028400_An_Exploratory_Comparati

ve_Study_on_Eco-Impact_of_Paper_and_Plastic_Bags

http://www.allaboutbags.ca/paperplastic.htm l

Cripian Lao, March 2012 "Ban on Plastic bags increases use of Paper Bags"

Philstar Headline News

https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/paper-

plastic1.htm

https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/paper-

plastic.htm

https://www.ecoenclose.com/Paper-versus-Plastic-and-Bio-Plastic-/

http://www.interplas.com/packaging-earth-friendly-recyclable-plastic-bags

38
 APPENDIX A

Letter to the Respondents

Dear Respondents,

Good day!

We, Grade 11 STEM is conducting a research paper entitled “Plastic Bags VS.

Paper bags: Conveniency among Selected Market Customers in Trece

Martires City, Cavite.” as part of our undergraduate thesis for Research Daily in

Life.

In this regard, I would like to ask from your benevolent support to answer the

questionnaire related to my present study. Your honest and accurate answer will

be of a great help in the success of this study. We can assure you that all the

information given will be kept with utmost confidentiality.

Thank you for your cooperation and GOD BLESS!

Sincerely Yours,

Angelica Francene Dalisay

Arvie James Magat

Miguelito Jardin Maligro

Jholo Sarmiento

39
 APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Plastic bags VS. Paper bags: Eco-conveniency among selected market

customers in Trece Martires City, Cavite

Directions: Please fill out the questionnaire honestly as to the best of your
knowledge. All informations will be kept confidential.

A. Respondent's profile in terms of

a. Age ______
b. Gender _______
c. Address _______
d. Place of Market ________
e. Bags used _________

B. Put a check mark inside the box based on the use and efficiency of Plastic
bags and Paper bags. Select only one answer per number.
Questions YES NO
1. Do you think Paper Bags are efficient?
2. Do you think Plastic Bags are efficient?
3. Do you have enough knowledge about the effects of plastic
and paper bags in our environment?
4. Do you use eco-friendly bags?
5. Do you think plastics will harm our environment?
6. Do you think papers will harm our environment?
7. Does the officials gives you permission to use plastic bags on
your city?
8. Are you aware that Paper Bags are made up of Trees?
9. Do you think Papers Bags are more convenient than Plastic
bags in Super Markets?
10. Do you segregate the non-biodegradable and biodegradable
waste after use?

40
C. Mark the diamond of your preferred choice. Select only one per number.
1. Which of the bags do you think can lessen the adversity (ex. Floods)?
 Paper Bags
 Plastic Bags

2. Which do you think uses more energy in production?

 Paper Bags
 Plastic Bags

3. Which do you think is more relevant when recycled?

 Paper Bags
 Plastic Bags

4. Which waste is more irritating in the city?

 Paper Bags
 Plastic Bags

5. Which type of bags do you think will benefit our city when used
properly?
 Paper Bags
 Plastic Bags

Signature: __________

41
 APPENDIX C

CURRICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER

PERSONAL DATA

NAME: Angelica Francene D. Dalisay

ADDRESS: Blk 75 Lot 93 Lapaz Homes 2,

Brgy. Cabezas, Trece Martires City, Cavite

AGE: 18 years old

BIRTHDATE: December 22, 2000

BIRHPLACE: Las Pinas City

RELIGION: Born Again, Christian

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

42
ELEMENTARY: Gateway International School of Science and Technology
Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y. 2012-2013

SECONDARY: Gateway International School of Science and Technology

Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2014-2019

PERSONAL DATA
NAME: Arvie James S. Magat

ADDRESS Blk 2 Lot 52 Summer Field subdivision Brgy. Osorio, Trece

Martires City, Cavite

AGE: 21 years old

BIRTHDATE: December 10, 1998

BIRHPLACE: Sampaloc, Manila

RELIGION: Born Again, Christian

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY: Apolinario Mabini Elementary School S.Y 2007-2013

SECONDARY: Gateway International School of Science and Technology

Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2014-2019

43
PERSONAL DATA
NAME: Miguelito J. Maligro

ADDRESS Blk 7 Lot 41 Summer Field subdivision Brgy. Osorio, Trece

Martires City, Cavite

AGE: 18 Years old

BIRTHDATE: April 28, 2000

BIRHPLACE: Pasig City

RELIGION: Born Again, Christian

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY: Gateway International School of Science and Technology

Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2007-2013

SECONDARY: : Gateway International School of Science and Technology

44
Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2014-2019

45
PERSONAL DATA
NAME: Jholo D. Sarmiento

ADDRESS Blk 6 Mabini Street

Ciudad Adelina Brgy. Conchu,
Trece Martires City, Cavite

AGE: 18 Years old

BIRTHDATE: November 23, 2000

BIRHPLACE: Trece Martires City,

Cavite

RELIGION: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY: Gateway International School of Science and Technology

Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2007-2013

SECONDARY: : Gateway International School of Science and Technology

Trece Martires City, Brgy. Osorio S.Y: 2014-2019

46
APPENDIX D (Survey Day)

47
 APPENDIX E
(Oral Defense)

48