Zytfhl pmrm Zriloipimlt`s
 

4 Gidrhs `l =
Zrharmemoiÿl n` Zytfhl pmrm priloipimlt`s
Gidrh n` trmdmkh n` Zytfhl
 

Zrharmeeila Gmlauma`s Momn`ey

 

Ohpyriaft 4:4: - Zrharmeeila Gmlauma`s Momn`ey - ^hnhs ghs n`r`ofhs r`s`rvmnhs.

@g ohlt`linh n` `st` gidrh lh pu`n` s`r r`prhnuoinh, nupgiomnh h trmlseitinh sil p`reish nir`oth phr `sorith
n`g muthr h n`g `nithr.
 
Dmkh lilaulm oiroulstmloim s` phnrí ougpmr h r`sphlsmdigizmr g`amge`lt` mg `nithr, h mg muthr, phr oumgqui`r
nmýh, r`pmrmoiÿl h pérninm ehl`tmrim n`dinm m gm ilchremoiÿl ohlt`linm `l `st` gidrh, ym s`m nir`otm h
ilnir`otme`lt`.
 
Mvish g`amg;
 

@st` gidrh `stí prht`ainh phr n`r`ofhs n` muthr. @s sÿgh pmrm ush p`rshlmg. Lh pu`n` `le`lnmr, nistriduir,
v`ln`r, usmr, oitmr h pmrmcrms`mr lilaulm pmrt`, h `g ohlt`linh n` `st` gidrh, sil `g ohls`ltiei`lth n`g muthr h
`nithr.
 
Mvish n` `x`loiÿl n` r`sphlsmdiginmn;
Zhr cmvhr, t`lam `l ou`ltm qu` gm ilchremoiÿl ohlt`linm `l `st` nhoue`lth `s sÿgh pmrm cil`s `nuomtivhs y
n` `ltr`t`liei`lth.
ohepg`tm. _` fm f`ofh
Lh s` n`ogmrml thnh gh phsidg`
li s` iepgioml pmrmn`pr`s`ltmr
amrmltåms ulm ilchremoiÿl
lilaûl tiph. Ghs g`othr`spr`oism, motumgizmnm,
motumgizm
r`ohlho`l nm,muthr
qu` `g cimdg`lhy
`stí oheprhe`tinh `l gm pr`stmoiÿl n` ms`shrmei`lth g`amg, cilmloi`rh, eénioh h prhc`sihlmg. @g ohlt`linh
n` `st` gidrh s` fm hdt`linh n` vmrims cu`lt`s. Zhr cmvhr, ohlsugt` m ul prhc`sihlmg muthrizmnh mlt`s n`
ilt`ltmr oumgqui`r téoliom n`soritm `l `st` gidrh.
 
Mg g``r `st` nhoue`lth, `g g`othr mo`ptm qu` dmkh lilaulm oiroulstmloim `g muthr `s r`sphlsmdg` n` gms
pérninms, nir`otms h ilnir`otms, `l qu` s` ilourrm oheh r`sugtmnh n`g ush n` gm ilchremoiÿl ohlt`linm `l `st`
nhoue`lth, iloguinhs, `ltr` htrhs, ghs `rrhr`s, heisihl`s h il`xmotitun`s.
 

ILNIO@
ZTHATMEMOIßL N@ ZY^FHL ZMTM ZTILOIZIML^@_
Iltrhnuooiÿl
Ompçtugh =. Zytfhl - Gms prie`rms iepr`sihl`s
Ompåtugh 4. Ohe`lzmlnh `g vimk` niaitmg
Ompåtugh ?. Mpr`ln`r Zytfhl n`sn` o`rh
Ompåtugh >. Iltrhnuooiÿl m gms n`ogmrmoihl`s y ghs ghhps
Ompåtugh 0. Hp`rmnhr`s - Ghs tiphs y sus ushs
Ompåtugh 3. Gistms, tupgms y niooihlmrihs
Ompåtugh 1. Culoihl`s
Ompåtugh 6. Ogms`s y eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s
Ompåtugh 9. F`r`loim, eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s
Ompåtugh =:. ¡^û siaui`lt` pmsh n`g vimk`!
GIDTH N@ ^TMDMKH N@ ZY^FHL
Iltrhnuooiÿl
Ompåtugh =. ^i`eph n` omg`ltmei`lth
 

Ompåtugh 4. T`aistrh n` gm ilchremoiÿl

Ompåtugh ?. Ohrri`lnh `l oåroughs - ¡Git`rmge`lt`!
Ompåtugh >. Psmlnh gms culoihl`s ohrr`otms
Ompåtugh 0. ¡Gms shguoihl`s!
Ohlogusiÿl
 
 

Zrharmemoiÿl n` Zytfhl pmrm

priloipimlt`s
 

Gm auåm n`cilitivm pmrm priloipimlt`s pmrm

mpr`ln`r ghs culnme`lths n` gm Zytfhl `l
ul arml oursh ilt`lsivh gg`lh n` lhoihl`s,
ohls`khs y truohs.
 

Zrharmeeila Gmlauma`s Momn`ey

 

Iltrhnuooiÿl
Gm prharmemoiÿl fm r`ohrrinh ul gmrah omeilh. @g eulnh n` gm prharmemoiÿl
pu`n` fmd`r ohe`lzmnh fmo` dmstmlt` ti`eph2 fmo` sÿgh ul pmr n` néomnms qu`
amlÿ gm mt`loiÿl n` ghs `xp`rths `l ilchreítiom n` thnh `g eulnh. @st` r`p`ltilh
omedih vih m mgaulms armln`s e`lt`s qu` ohltriduy`rhl m thnm gm `rm n` gm
prharmemoiÿl euofh eís qu` gm emyhråm. Siehs mg arml prhy`oth ALP themr
chrem nurmlt` `stm `rm. Lhs `lohltrmehs ohl `g dmstmlt` driggmlt` Gilux.
^mediél lmoi`rhl lu`vhs g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl, y gm a`lt` oi`rtme`lt` ghs
niscrutÿ mg eíxieh.
Mulqu` gm emyhråm n` `sths g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl culoihlmdml, fmdåm mgah
qu` cmgtmdm. _`aurme`lt` s` phnråm fmo`r mgah pmrm qu` gm ohniciomoiÿl cu`rm
e`lhs t`nihsm. @sh `s `xmotme`lt` gh qu` ul lu`vh y r`vhguoihlmrih g`laumk`,
ggmemnh mså phr `g Oiroh Shgmnhr n` Ehlty Zytfhl, fizh phr `g eulnh.
Ile`nimtme`lt`,
prharmemnhr`s. @g gmush ohniciomoiÿl s` ohe`lzÿ
n` `st` g`laumk` fizh euofh
m amlmr eís cíoig
iepugsh, pmrm
y fhy ghs
`l nåm,
`stí n`stilmnh m sup`rmr mg ûlioh g`laumk` qu` s` pr`s`ltm mlt` ég pmrm r`ogmemr
`g pr`stiaihsh guamr n` s`r `g g`laumk` eís cmvhr`oinh n`g eulnh.
@st` g`laumk` cu` in`m n` Auinh Sml Thssue. Or`mnh `l `g mýh =99=, Zytfhl s`
fm ohlv`rtinh `l ul silÿlieh n` prharmemoiÿl `cioi`lt` y cíoig n` usmr. @st`
g`laumk` `s gh qu` ohl`otmdm ghs pulths y nmdm m ghs prharmemnhr`s gm tml
l`o`smrim cmoiginmn n` ohniciomoiÿl qu` n`sn` `lthlo`s mlf`gml. Lmturmge`lt`, `g
g`laumk` cu` di`l r`oidinh phr gm oheulinmn n` prharmemnhr`s. Fhy `l nåm, `s
ulh n` ghs g`laumk`s eís iephrtmlt`s tmlth pmrm ghs prhc`sihlmg`s oheh pmrm ghs
`stunimlt`s qu` pr`t`ln`l shdr`smgir `l omephs oheh `g mpr`lnizmk` mutheítioh,
gm muthemtizmoiÿl, gm ilt`gia`loim mrticioimg y euofh eís.
Ohl `k`epghs n` gm vinm r`mg qu` eu`strml ulm mepgim vmri`nmn n` ushs, Zytfhl
viv` y r`spirm mfhrm `l omsi thnms gms priloipmg`s pgmtmchrems shoimg`s,
mpgiomoihl`s w`d y sitihs w`d. ^hnh `sth su`lm ilt`r`smlt` y `ehoihlmlt` mg
eiseh ti`eph, p`rh ¸qué pmsm si lh ti`l`s ohlhoiei`lths pr`vihs n`
prharmemoiÿl8 ¸]ué pmsm si lh `lti`ln`s ghs ohlo`pths dísiohs y n`s`ms
mpr`ln`r Zytfhl8
E` ohepgmo` ilchremr qu` `st` gidrh g` prhphroihlmrí thnms gms phsidiginmn`s n`
mpr`ln`r Zytfhl y g` p`reitirí ilioimr su vimk` mg eulnh n` gm prharmemoiÿl.
@st` gidrh `stí in`mge`lt` n`stilmnh m p`rshlms qu` lh ti`l`l lilaûl
ohlhoiei`lth n` prharmemoiÿl y/h qu` lulom mlt`s fml ohniciomnh ulm shgm
 

gål`m n` prharmem.
^` auimré m trmvés n` thnhs ghs pmshs dísiohs n`sn` gm ilstmgmoiÿl fmstm gm
mpgiomoiÿl. @xmeilmr`ehs vmrihs msp`oths n`g g`laumk` y `sp`rmehs
prhphroihlmrg` `k`epghs n` gm vinm r`mg pmrm `xpgiomrg` e`khr gm iephrtmloim n`
tmg`s msp`oths. Gm in`m n` `st` gidrh `s pr`pmrmrt` ei`ltrms mpr`ln`s ghs
ohlo`pths
pmrm `g`airdísiohs n` Zytfhl.
tu omeilh. N`spués n`si`epr`
Ghs culnme`lths `st` gidrh, lh n`d`råms
s`ríl t`l`ryprhdg`ems
ghs eisehs, `st` gidrh
ms`aurm qu` omnm ulh n` `shs `g`e`lths dísiohs s`ml oudi`rths n` gm eml`rm eís
prhnuotivm phsidg`. Ilt`ltmré emlt`l`r `g prho`sh n` mpr`lnizmk` tml niv`rtinh
oheh pu`nm sil n`svimre` n`g mpr`lnizmk` `l så.
¡Ohsms qu` l`o`sitms!
"@sp`rm. ¸Lh nikist` qu` lh l`o`sith smd`r lmnm shdr` prharmemoiÿl8" ¡Du`lh,
så! Lh ti`l`s qu` pr`houpmrt` phr gm prharmemoiÿl h sus ohlo`pths `l `st`
ehe`lth, y oumlnh gg`au` `g ehe`lth, fmré thnh gh phsidg` pmrm `xpgiomrghs. Gh
qu` s` l`o`sitm n` ti `s mgah ul phoh eís hdvih.
Oheputmnhrm; Oheh nik`, ¡`s hdvih! L`o`sitms ulm eíquilm prhpim pmrm
n`somramr y prmotiomr `g emt`rimg y gm emt`rim qu` mpr`ln`s n` mquå. Zmrm smomr `g
eíxieh prhv`ofh n`g gidrh, prmotiom ei`ltrms g``s. @sth mue`ltm `lhre`e`lt`
tu ohlcimlzm y t` p`reit` emlt`l`r ul riteh ohlstmlt`. Gms `sp`oiciomoihl`s lh
iephrtml euofh. Gm emyhråm n` gms eíquilms ehn`rlms (m pmrtir n` 4:=4)
n`d`råml s`r ompmo`s n` fmo`r culoihlmr omnm ulh n` ghs ohephl`lt`s sil
pgmlt`mr lilaûl prhdg`em.
Plm ohl`xiÿl m Ilt`rl`t; _` g` p`nirí qu` n`somrau` mgaulhs mrofivhs n`
Ilt`rl`t.
Pl `lthrlh n` n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh (IN@); _i, phr mgaulm rmzÿl, s` siltiÿ
iltieinmnh phr `stm t`reilhghaåm, ¡r`gíkmt`! ^` auimré m trmvés n` thnhs y omnm
ulh n` ghs pmshs pmrm ms`aurmrt` n` qu` ti`l`s thnh `sth y qu` smd`s n` qué s`
trmtm. Zhr mfhrm, iemaålmt` `sth oheh ul `nithr n` t`xth.
Plm e`lt` cr`som; Lh ti`l` s`ltinh mpr`ln`r si tu e`lt` lh `stí mfå ohltiah. _é
cr`soh, phlt` oÿehnh. @sth pu`n` themr ul phoh n` príotiom y ul phoh n`
ti`eph, p`rh thnh vmgnrí gm p`lm.
@sh `s git`rmge`lt` thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms. Mlt`s n` ohltilumr ohl lu`strh prie`r
ompåtugh n`g gidrh y `ep`zmr m mpr`ln`r gh `s`loimg, fmy ulm ohsm eís qu` e`
austmråm mogmrmr n` ile`nimth.
@st` gidrh sÿgh oudr` gh dísioh
_i fms ohainh ulm ohpim n` `st` gidrh h `stís p`lsmlnh `l fmo`rgh, ohl gm
 

iepr`siÿl n` qu` `g gidrh t` `ls`ýmrí gh dísioh shdr` Zytfhl, ¡du`lm `g`ooiÿl!

_il `edmrah, si `r`s n` gm in`m n` qu` mg cilmg n`g gidrh r`sugtmrí s`r ul
prhc`sihlmg ohepg`tme`lt` `ltr`lmnh ohl ulm ohepr`lsiÿl n` ohsms oheh `g
mpr`lnizmk` n` gm eíquilm y htrhs omephs mvmlzmnhs n` Zytfhl, phr cmvhr
`lti`ln` qu` `sth qu`nmråm cu`rm n`g mgomlo` n` `st` gidrh.

@st` gidrhy `s
eéthnhs pmrm s`rvireís
fmdiginmn`s n` mvmlzmnms,
auåm, ulm `sp`oi`
prie`rhn`t`lnrí
ourshqu`
ilt`lsivh. Zmrm`g mpr`ln`r
`stmdg`o`r nheilih
n` thnhs ghs `g`e`lths y ohephl`lt`s dísiohs n`g g`laumk`. Plm v`z f`ofh `sth,
`s euy r`ohe`lnmdg` dusomr gidrhs qu` s`ml n` mpr`lnizmk` mvmlzmnh.
Gh qu` pu`nh r`ohe`lnmrt` `s qu` siams prmotiomlnh tus oÿniahs n`spués n`
fmd`r ohepg`tmnh `g gidrh. M nic`r`loim n` gm ohlnuooiÿl y gm lmtmoiÿl, qu`
r`ohrnmrís `g r`sth n` tu vinm, ilogush si n`kms n` fmo`rgms, Zytfhl siau`
motumgizílnhs`. @s `s`loimg qu` t` emlt`lams `l gm príotiom y ohltilû`s
ohniciomlnh p`qu`ýhs prharmems oheh ulm siepg` omgougmnhrm, pr`niothr`s
lueériohs, `to. Fmy dmstmlt`s `k`roioihs qu` pu`n`s `lohltrmr `l gål`m.

Zmrm ourshs
moo`n`r mvmlzmnhs,
m mgaulhs ohlsugt`
ourshs Pn`ey.ohe.
`xo`poihlmg`s y @s ulm n` lu`vms
mpr`ln`r gms e`khr`s cu`lt`s pmrm
nie`lsihl`s n`
prharmemoiÿl, `ltr` euofhs htrhs omephs.
¡Pc! Mfhrm qu` `sth `stí cu`rm n`g omeilh, t` nmré ul eiluth pmrm cg`xihlmr sus
eûsoughs, mkustmr su msi`lth, themr ul vmsh n` maum2 `stmehs gisths pmrm
ohe`lzmr lu`strh vimk` mg eulnh n` Zytfhl.
 

Ompåtugh =. Zytfhl - Gms prie`rms

iepr`sihl`s
Mså qu` fms hånh fmdgmr n` ul inihem phr `g qu` thnh `g eulnh s` `stí vhgvi`lnh
ghoh. Nio`l qu` `s `g g`laumk` n`g cuturh y gh ilor`ådg` qu` `s. ^` si`ltms ohl tus
meiahs, y thnh gh qu` ti`l`l pmrm fmdgmr `s `s`loimge`lt` ul amgiemtåms pmrm ti, y
sil `edmrah pmr`o` ilt`r`smlt` pmrm `g r`sth n` `gghs. ^mg v`z pgml`ms niriair ul
l`ahoih, y ulm p`qu`ým ilv`stiamoiÿl shdr` gms ohsms r`v`gm qu` ul g`laumk`
`sp`oåcioh `s dmstmlt` n`emlnmnh `l `sths nåms. Zhr supu`sth, pu`n`s ohltrmtmr m
mgaui`l qu` fmam `g trmdmkh phr ti, p`rh ¸oÿeh smd`s si `g trmdmkh s` `stí fmoi`lnh
n` gm eml`rm qu` qui`r`s qu` s`m, n` prie`rm omginmn y hriailmg `l gm lmturmg`zm8
Ym s`m qu` qui`rms s`auir ulm omrr`rm cu`rm n` `st` vimk`, `stís m pulth n`
`edmromrt` h or`mr tu prhpih l`ahoih pmrm s`rvir m oi`lths n` eig`s n` ogi`lt`s
qu` dusoml m mgaui`l oheh tû2 l`o`sitms mpr`ln`r Zytfhl.
@l gh qu` s` r`ci`r` m Zytfhl, fmy tmlths vin`hs y tuthrimg`s qu` pu`n`s `lohltrmr
`l gål`m. @g prhdg`em `s qu` omnm ulh pmr`o` ir `l ulm nir`ooiÿl nic`r`lt`. Lh
fmy eml`rm n` n`oir qué `struoturm n`d`s s`auir, h nÿln` n`d`s `ep`zmr y nÿln`
n`d`s t`reilmr. Fmy ulm du`lm phsidiginmn n` qu` t` `lou`ltr`s ohl ul vån`h
qu` mpmr`lt`e`lt` r`sphln` m tu ggmemnm, sÿgh pmrm n`soudrir qu` `g lmrrmnhr lh
`stí `xpgiomlnh euofh y eís h e`lhs thnh gh qu` v`s, ti`l`s qu` mnivilmr gh qu`
fmo`.
Yh eiseh f` visth dmstmlt`s tuthrimg`s oheh `s`. Zu`n`l s`r ehg`sths y mgaulhs
ilogush `lamýhshs. Fmy prharmemnhr`s qu` t` niríl qu` ym `s n`emsimnh tmrn`
pmrm mpr`ln`r
eiseh. Zytfhl
Z`reåt`e` y n`
n`kmr qu`gmnh
lh `shs
ohls`auirís
ruehr`s`gy emghs
tiph n`e`lsmk`s.
éxith qu` dusoms phr ti
@nmn - @s sÿgh ul lûe`rh. Gh qu` r`mge`lt` iephrtm `s `g n`s`h qu` ti`l`s n`
mpr`ln`r. Lh l`o`sitms t`l`r V mýhs pmrm mpr`ln`r `sth n` eml`rm `c`otivm. N`g
eiseh ehnh, lh fmy ul gåeit` sup`rihr n` Y mýhs pmrm `g prho`sh n`
mpr`lnizmk`. Zu`n`s t`l`r 3: mýhs y mul mså s`r ompmz n` mpr`ln`r `g g`laumk` y
`k`outmr ohemlnhs driggmlt`s. ^hnh gh qu` s` r`qui`r` `s ulm e`lt` gistm pmrm
mpr`ln`r y ul du`l ohlhoiei`lth n` oÿeh hp`rmr ulm oheputmnhrm, mdrir y
o`rrmr prharmems, y n`somramr ohsms n` Ilt`rl`t. ¡@sh `s thnh!
Inihem - Ym s`m qu` s`ms ul fmdgmlt` lmtivh n` ilagés h ulh lh lmtivh, `g inihem
`stí mdi`rth
s`ltinh, pmrms`r
n`d`råms thnhs.
ompmzEi`ltrms pu`nms
n` `lt`ln`r chremr `ghrmoihl`s
cíoige`lt` dísioms
g`laumk` n` y nmrg`s
Zytfhl. _iau`
 

mgah ggmemnh `g ohlo`pth n` "oÿniah giepih", qu` `c`otivme`lt` prheu`v` gm

g`aidiginmn n` ghs oÿniahs. Gh ilv`stiamr`ehs eís mn`gmlt`, gh prhe`th.
Zytfhl ym ti`l` nhs néomnms n` mltia÷`nmn - _i t` pr`houpm qu` gg`au`s nhs
néomnms tmrn`, nékme` r`ohrnmrt` qu` Zytfhl `s ul g`laumk` prhar`sivh phr
lmturmg`zm. @sh sialiciom qu` omnm mýh, `lohltrmehs lu`vms mnioihl`s mg
g`laumk` n` Zytfhl,
Zhr gh tmlth, y mgaulhs
`g ohlo`pth ohephl`lt`s
n` "gg`amr n`emsimnh hdshg`ths shllugh.
tmrn`" ym `s r`ehvinhs
Zu`n`s tmediél.
mpr`ln`r
fhy, y ym `stmrís cmeigimrizmnh ohl omnm ohemlnh mg cilmg n`g mýh. Gh qu` s`m
qu` fmym `xistinh fmstm mfhrm, ym gh smdrís. Gh qu` s`auiråm `lthlo`s, gh
r`oha`rís `v`ltumge`lt`. Lh fmy tmg ohsm oheh s`r n`emsimnh tmrn` pmrm
mpr`ln`r Zytfhl.
Niciougtmn pmrm `lt`ln`r - ¸T`ou`rnms gh nicåoig qu` cu` pmrm lhshtrhs mpr`ln`r
ghs lûe`rhs, `g mgcmd`th, gms hrmoihl`s y gm armeítiom8 ^hnh l`o`sitm príotiom, y
tmediél Zytfhl. _il `edmrah, si pi`lsms qu` Zytfhl `s oi`loim n` ohf`t`s, t` vms
m gg`vmr ulm arml shrpr`sm. M ghs liýhs s` g`s `ls`ým Zytfhl `l gms `sou`gms, y lh
drhe`h pmrm qu` s` si`ltml oÿehnhs. Nhs gidrhs dmstmlt` cmehshs fml `xistinh
pmrm mphymr ei mciremoiÿl. Dusom  Zytfhl pmrm liýhs; Plm iltrhnuooiÿl
uau`thlm m gm prharmemoiÿl phr Kmshl T. Driaas, y  @ls`ý` m sus fikhs m
ohniciomr; Plm auåm pmrm pmnr`s shdr` gm prharmemoiÿl n` Zytfhl phr Dryshl
Zmyl`. ¸S`s gh qu` qui`rh n`oir8 _i ghs liýhs, qu` ti`l`l ulm `xphsioiÿl
gieitmnm m gms ohsms y ulm e`lt` `l n`smrrhggh, pu`n`l mpr`ln`r `g ggmemnh
g`laumk` ohepgiomnh, ¸phr qué tû lh8
Zhr supu`sth, fmy a`lt` qu` fm t`linh éxith, y gu`ah `stíl ghs qu` lh gh fml
t`linh. ^hnh s` r`nuo` m gm `ciomoim y gm or`mtivinmn ohl gm qu` s` utigizm `g
g`laumk` pmrm `k`outmr ghs prhdg`ems y gms shguoihl`s. Oumlth eís hriailmg s`m tu
prharmem, e`khr t` irí.
"Zrhe`th qu` nmré gh e`khr n` eå pmrm mpr`ln`r `g g`laumk` n` Zytfhl y
nheilmr gh dísioh. ^mediél prhe`th prmotiomr gm `soriturm n` oÿniahs y
rharmems n`spués n` qu` t`reil` `st` gidrh."
¡Drmvh! Momdms n` nmr `g prie`r pmsh. Mfhrm, `stmehs gisths pmrm r`trho`n`r ul
phoh `g r`ghk y v`r `xmotme`lt` n` nhln` vilh Zytfhl. _i r`pmsmst` gm
iltrhnuooiÿl, t` ni ul r`sue`l n` oÿeh suraiÿ Zytfhl, p`rh heitå mgaulms
pmrt`s. S`mehs phr qué Zytfhl `rm gm l`o`sinmn n`g ehe`lth.
Zytfhl; Gm l`o`sinmn n`g ehe`lth
Mlt`s n` gm or`moiÿl n` Zytfhl, y `g cmehsh g`laumk` `l qu` s` fm ohlv`rtinh,
gms ohsmsn``rml
r`ulåml thnheuy nic`r`lt`s.
`g eulnh `l ulIemailm
`lhre`ulgmdhrmthrih
eulnh nhln` ghs prharmemnhr`s
n` oheputmoiÿl. ^i`l`s s`m
 

mgaulms n` gms e`khr`s e`lt`s n`g pgml`tm, trmdmkmlnh kultms fmoim ul hdk`tivh
oheûl, s`m oumg s`m. Lmturmge`lt`, ilogush ghs e`khr`s ilt`g`otumg`s pu`n`l
t`reilmr ohe`ti`lnh `rrhr`s.
_uphlamehs qu` ulh n` `shs prharmemnhr`s t`reilÿ or`mlnh ul prharmem, y lh
`stí euy s`aurh n` gh qu` smgiÿ emg. Gm smgm `stí gg`lm n` htrhs prharmemnhr`s, y
phr supu`sth,
n`g nåm. mo`romrs` ms`mgaui`l
@g prharmemnhr mo`rompmrm p`nirg`
m htrm myunm
p`rshlm s`råm `gqu`
houpmnm prie`r p`lsmei`lth
ohl austh n`oin`
myunmr m ul ohepmý`rh prharmemnhr ilt`g`otumg. @l `s` dr`v` pms`h n` ulm
`stmoiÿl m htrm, `g prharmemnhr ilt`romedim rípinme`lt` gm ilchremoiÿl, gh qu`
pmr`o` s`r ul `rrhr oheûl. _ÿgh oumlnh `g prharmemnhr v` `g oÿniah `s oumlnh
s` g` them n`spr`v`linh. @st` ohepmý`rh lh ti`l` li in`m n` gh qu` fmo` `g
oÿniah. Gms vmrimdg`s `stíl `tiqu`tmnms ohl gh qu` sÿgh pu`n` s`r n`cilinh oheh
oicrmnh. Gms pmgmdrms lh ti`l`l lilaûl s`ltinh, li fmy lilaulm eml`rm n`
mv`riaumr nÿln` `stí `g `rrhr.
@g ohepigmnhr ohltilûm gmlzmlnh ul `rrhr trms htrh. T`ou`rnm, `sth cu` euofh
mlt`s n` =99= oumlnh gm a`lt` lh t`låm In`ms, gh qu` g`s myunmråm m v`r nÿln`
`stí `g `rrhr y gh qu` fmy qu` fmo`r. ^hnh `g `k`roioih t`reilmråm p`rni`lnh fhrms
y fhrms sÿgh pmrm nmrs` ou`ltm n` qu` cmgtmdm ul pulth y ohem. ¡S`rahlzhsh y
mdshgutme`lt` ulm pérninm n` ti`eph!
@sth cu` sÿgh ul p`qu`ýh `k`epgh, iemaål`s` thnh `g msulth, p`rh m `somgm
aghdmg. Gm oheulinmn n` prharmemnhr`s guofÿ phr `lohltrmr chrems n` `soridir
oÿniahs qu` puni`rml s`r `lt`lninhs cíoige`lt` phr htrhs. Mgaulhs g`laumk`s
shphrtmdml mgaulms siltmxis, ei`ltrms qu` htrhs lh. @sths g`laumk`s tmephoh
trmdmkmdml l`o`smrime`lt` `l mrehlåm `ltr` så. @g eulnh n` gm prharmemoiÿl `rm
ul n`smstr`. _i Zytfhl lh fudi`rm gg`amnh `l `g ehe`lth hphrtulh, gms ohsms
fmdråml sinh euofh eís nicåoig`s n` eml`kmr.
Auinh Sml Thssue, ul prharmemnhr fhgmlnés, n`oiniÿ trmdmkmr `l ul prhy`oth
n` emsohtms. ¡_å, gh fms g`ånh di`l! @g _r. Sml Thssue qu`råm emlt`l`rs`
houpmnh nurmlt` gms vmomoihl`s y, phr gh tmlth, n`oiniÿ `soridir ul lu`vh
iltérpr`t` pmrm ul inihem `l `g qu` fmdåm `stmnh p`lsmlnh ûgtieme`lt`. N`oiniÿ
ggmemr m gm g`laum Zytfhl, y ohltrmrime`lt` m gm or``loim phpugmr, lh ti`l` lmnm
qu` v`r ohl `g r`ptig `l så. Tmstr`mlnh su rmåz n` su pr`n`o`shr, `g MDO, Zytfhl
gg`aÿ m `xistir kusth oumlnh s` l`o`sitmdm.
 Zmrm lu`strhs meiahs lh prharmemnhr`s, MDO `s `g lhedr` n` ul vi`kh
g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl. Zhr armoihsh qu` su`l`, gms ohlv`loihl`s n`
lhedr`s lh `rml `xmotme`lt` gms eís cu`rt`s mquå.
Zytfhl cu` rípinme`lt` mo`ptmnh phr gm oheulinmn n` prharmemnhr`s, mulqu`
 

`xist` `g f`ofh n` qu` ghs prharmemnhr`s `rml euofh e`lhs lue`rhshs `l `s`
`lthlo`s. _u r`vhguoihlmrim cmoiginmn n` ush, su lmturmg`zm r`o`ptivm y su
mnmptmdiginmn omptmrhl ile`nimtme`lt` gm mt`loiÿl n` thnhs ghs qu` `stmdml m su
mgr`n`nhr. Oumltm eís a`lt` n`nioÿ su ti`eph m `st` lu`vh g`laumk`, eís
ohe`lzÿ `g _r. Sml Thssue m ilv`rtir sus r`ourshs y ohlhoiei`lths pmrm
e`khrmr mûl eís gm `xp`ri`loim. @l phoh ti`eph, Zytfhl `stmdm ohepiti`lnh ohl
gms priloipmg`s g`laums n`g eulnh. Zrhlth shdr`viviÿ m dmstmlt`s n` `gghs n`dinh
mg ohlo`pth o`ltrmg qu` s` push shdr` gm e`sm; gm cmoiginmn n` g`oturm. M
nic`r`loim n` oumgqui`r htrh g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl n` `sm éphom, Zytfhl
`ltr`amdm oÿniahs qu` `rml c`lhe`lmge`lt` cíoig`s n` g``r y `lt`ln`r n`
ile`nimth.
¸T`ou`rnms m lu`strh meiah, `g prharmemnhr, qu` piniÿ myunm8 _i gh fioi`rm
mfhrm, `g htrh tiph `lt`ln`råm ile`nimtme`lt` gh qu` `stmdm pmsmlnh.
Zytfhl tmediél mnquiriÿ cmem phr s`r ul g`laumk` qu` t`låm ul `lchqu`
hri`ltmnh m ghs hdk`ths. @sth mdriÿ ulm emyhr cmoiginmn n` ush n`g g`laumk` pmrm
ghs prharmemnhr`s qu` r`qu`råml ulm chrem `c`otivm n` emlipugmr hdk`ths.
Zi`lsm `l ul ku`ah siepg`. Oumgqui`r ohsm qu` v`ms n`ltrh n` ég `s ul hdk`th qu`
s` ohephrtm n` oi`rtm eml`rm. Nmrg` m `s` hdk`th `s` "s`ltinh" `s prharmemoiÿl
hri`ltmnm m hdk`ths (HHZ). Zytfhl cu` ompmz n` gharmr `sh ohl dmstmlt` cmoiginmn.
Zytfhl `s ohlsin`rmnh oheh ul g`laumk` eugtipmrmniaem, ohl HHZ si`lnh pmrt`
n` `sh tmediél.
Mvmlzmehs rípinme`lt` fmoim `g eulnh `l qu` viviehs, y Zytfhl siau`
nheilmlnh mgaulms n` gms t`olhghaåms n` vmlaumrnim qu` `xist`l. Ohl
mpgiomoihl`s `l `g eulnh r`mg y ul Ahgimt n` ulm ohltriduoiÿl m msp`oths oheh
`g mpr`lnizmk` n` gm eíquilm, gms oi`loims n` ghs nmths y `g mlígisis, Zytfhl `stí
gin`rmlnh gm omram ohl thnm su cu`rzm.
^hnm ulm oheulinmn n` prharmemnhr`s fm n`niomnh su omrr`rm m emlt`l`r
Zytfhl y n`smrrhggmrgh m e`ninm qu` pmsm `g ti`eph. @l oumlth mg culnmnhr, `g _r.
Sml Thssue mo`ptÿ ilioimge`lt` `g tåtugh n` Niotmnhr D`lévhgh phr gm Sinm
(DNCG) y s` r`tirÿ `g =4 n` kugih n` 4:=6. @st` tåtugh g` cu` hthramnh mg _r. Sml
Thssue phr gm oheulinmn Zytfhl.
Fhy `l nåm, Zytfhl ? `s gm v`rsiÿl priloipmg n` gm g`laum kulth ohl Zytfhl 4, qu`
ti`l` sus nåms ohltmnhs. Lh `s l`o`smrih mpr`ln`r medhs pmrm t`l`r éxith.
@ep`zmr`ehs ohl gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl ym qu` omsi thnh gh qu` `stmdm
ilvhguormnh `l gm v`rsiÿl mlt`rihr cu` gg`vmnh m omdh, ohl gm `xo`poiÿl n` ghs
ohephl`lt`s qu` `rml mdurrinhs h ilûtig`s.
Gh sé, mfhrm eiseh `stís dmstmlt` mlsihsh phr sue`rairt` `l ghs ohlo`pths y
 

t`reilmr ohl gm fisthrim. @s vitmg pmrm lhshtrhs mpr`ln`r mgaulms ohsms shdr` `g
g`laumk` y phr qué gg`aÿ m `xistir `l prie`r guamr. @stm ilchremoiÿl phnråm s`r
ûtig `l mgaûl ehe`lth, `sp`oimge`lt` si s` eirml vmrihs oÿniahs y s` in`lticiom
ouíg n` `gghs cu` `sorith `l Zytfhl y ouíg lh.
Zmrm oumgqui`rm qu` fmym usmnh g`laumk`s oheh O, O++, O#, Kmvm_oript, pu`n`
qu` `lou`ltr`
iephrtmlt`s dmstmlt`s
tmediél. sieigitun`s
M nic`r`loim n` gmn`ltrh n` n`Zytfhl,
emyhråm y mgaulms`l e`khrms
`sths g`laumk`s, ghs qu`
fmy qu` usmr ul pulth y ohem pmrm qu` `g ohepigmnhr s`pm qu` gm gål`m fm
t`reilmnh, Zytfhl lh l`o`sitm lmnm n` `sh. _ÿgh pr`sihlm `ltr` y `g prharmem
ile`nimtme`lt` `lti`ln` qu` gm gål`m fm t`reilmnh.
Mlt`s n` qu` lhs mn`gmlt`ehs, ¸r`ou`rnms qu` mgaulhs `soéptiohs t` fmo`l or``r
qu` `s n`emsimnh tmrn` pmrm mpr`ln`r Zytfhl8 @s armoims m Zytfhl qu` ghs muths
muth ohlnuothr`s `stíl lmoi`lnh. ¸@g eulnh ym fm visth n`emsimnh n` `gghs8
¸Ouílnh cu` gm ûgtiem v`z qu` vist` ulh n` `sths v`fåoughs `l gm omrr`t`rm8 @stm
`s sÿgh ulm n` ghs eig`s n` phsidiginmn`s qu` lhs `sp`rml pmrm ohlquistmr. ^hnh
gh qu` s` l`o`sitm `s qu` mpr`lnmehs `g inihem, r`pms`ehs lu`strms fmdiginmn`s
y `ep`o`ehs.
"Pl vimk` n` eig eiggms ohei`lzm ohl `g prie`r pmsh. N`spués n` `sh, ym `stís
ul pmsh eís o`rom n` tu n`stilh."
Di`l, mýmnå `sm ûgtiem crms` phr eå eiseh, p`rh `s sÿgh pmrm nmrt` thnm gm
ohlcimlzm qu` l`o`sitms pmrm mpr`ln`r `st` inihem. Gm emyhråm n` gms ohsms qu`
visitmr`ehs n`ltrh n` Zytfhl t`lnråml s`ltinh n` ile`nimth ym qu` Zytfhl
priloipmg utigizm crms`s `l ilagés y p`reit` ulm emyhr cmoiginmn n` g`oturm. _il
`edmrah, lh fmy rmzÿl pmrm mpr`surmrs` `l gms ohsms. ^ÿemt` tu ti`eph y
prmotiom thnh gh qu` pu`nms usmlnh `g gidrh n` `k`roioihs, sÿgh n`spués n` qu`
fmyms mpr`lninh mgah m trmvés n` `st` gidrh. Mulqu` si`epr` pu`n` g``r `g gidrh
n` priloipih m cil, `s mohls`kmdg` prmotiomr `sths oÿniahs m e`ninm qu` ghs
mpr`ln`.
Ohls`khs n` ûgtiem fhrm
Fms gg`amnh fmstm mquå y fms mpr`lninh thnh gh qu` fmy qu` smd`r, h mg e`lhs
thnhs ghs dits n` fisthrim iephrtmlt`s. Fm gg`amnh `g ehe`lth n` ohe`lzmr
lu`strh vimk` y `ep`zmr m `soridir mgaulms gål`ms qu`, mg priloipih, phnråml lh
t`l`r s`ltinh, p`rh qu` prhlth ohe`lzmríl m t`l`rgh, y sil nunm niscrutmríl n`g
vimk`. Zmrm smomr `g eíxieh prhv`ofh n`g vimk`, mquå fmy mgaulms ohsms qu`
l`o`sitms ms`aurmr;

Mulqu` s` mliem
qu` t`og`mr m prmotiomr
`xmotme`lt` ei`ltrms
`g eiseh s` g``,
oÿniah omnm`sv`z.
euyZhr
phoh prhdmdg`
gh tmlth, qu` t`lam
`s iephrtmlt`
 

`ep`zmr m kuamr ohl `g oÿniah ul phoh ulm v`z qu` g` fmyms ohainh `g trmlquiggh
m gms ohsms. @sth tmediél mue`ltm su ohlcimlzm y g` p`reit` or`mr sus prhpihs
prharmems ûliohs. _i e` v`s usmlnh ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm lhedr` y g` f`
msialmnh ul vmghr n` '_me', siélt`t` gidr` n` omedimrgh phr tu prhpih lhedr`.
Omedim ghs lûe`rhs nhln` y oumlnh s`m phsidg` pmrm v`r oÿeh omedim ghs
r`sugtmnhs.
@s euy iephrtmlt` qu` s` emlt`laml mg nåm ohl gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl.
@stmr`ehs ilv`stiamlnh ul phoh shdr` oÿeh `lohltrmr gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n`
Zytfhl, y ulm v`z qu` gh fmamehs, siau` r`vismlnh gm píailm w`d hcioimg n`
Zytfhl pmrm v`r si fm gg`amnh ulm lu`vm v`rsiÿl.
Lh s` mtmsqu`l ohl prhdg`ems, ym qu` s` `lohltrmríl ohl euofhs n` `gghs.
Zhlnré n`gid`rmnme`lt` mgaulhs hdstíoughs pmrm phl`r m pru`dm sus
ohlhoiei`lths tmediél, y ghs r`shgv`ré. Mpr`ln`r m sup`rmr ghs `rrhr`s y
`lt`ln`rghs `s ulm chrem sialiciomtivm n` mpr`ln`r ohsms. _i `lou`ltrm ul `rrhr
nistilth m ghs qu` s` trmtml `l `st` gidrh, siéltms` gidr` n` dusomr myunm n` gm
si`epr` motivm oheulinmn n` Zytfhl.
Zrmotiom ulms fhrms mg nåm, si r`mge`lt` qui`r`s s`r ul prharmemnhr y s`auir ulm
omrr`rm `l Zytfhl. Gg`vm ul ti`eph sialiciomtivh nheilmr thnhs ghs oÿniahs, gms
culoihl`s, gms didgiht`oms y euofh eís.
Lh t` smgt`s ompåtughs, `s ulm emgm in`m m e`lhs qu` s`pms r`mge`lt` oÿeh
fmo`rgh.
Lh t` ohepmr`s ohl ghs n`eís. ^hnhs lmo`l ohl ulm e`lt` ûliom, y tû tmediél.
_i ulh `stí mpr`lni`lnh eís rípinh qu` tû, nékmgh. Mpr`ln` m ul riteh qu`
pu`nms s`auir.
Mpr`ln` n` ulm cu`lt` m gm v`z. Mpr`ln`r n` vmrims cu`lt`s mg eiseh ti`eph t`
gg`vmråm m ul `stmnh n` ohlcusiÿl.
_i lh `lti`ln`s mgah, ilt`ltm vhgv`r m ghs culnme`lths h m ghs ompåtughs
mlt`rihr`s. Zu`n` qu` s` fmym p`rninh mgah mggå.
Niofh `sth, fm gg`amnh `g ehe`lth n` ohe`lzmr lu`strh vimk`. ¡Nmems y
omdmgg`rhs, `loi`lnml sus ehthr`s! ¡@stmehs m pulth n` `edmromrlhs `l `g vimk`
n` lu`strm vinm!
 
 

 
 

Ompåtugh 4. Ohe`lzmlnh `g vimk` niaitmg

¡Du`lh, du`lh, du`lh! Fml gg`amnh fmstm mquå, y `sthy euy `ehoihlmnh n`
nmrg`s gm di`lv`linm mg ohei`lzh n` su vimk` mg eulnh n` Zytfhl. Fmy euofms
rmzhl`s pmrm qu` `stél tml `ehoihlmnhs oheh yh, phrqu` mpr`ln`r ul lu`vh
inihem si`epr` `stí gg`lh n` ehe`lths iltriamlt`s, n`smcåhs y rhep`omd`zms qu`
lhs fmo`l p`lsmr, ghs oumg`s mpr`ln`ehs y gu`ah r`shgv`ehs.
M nic`r`loim n` gm emyhråm n` ghs inihems, Zytfhl `s n`emsimnh cíoig n`
`lt`ln`r, armoims m lu`strh meiah `g _r. Sml Thssue. Lh n`sp`rnioi`ehs sus
`scu`rzhs y vmymehs nir`otme`lt` m ghs l`ahoihs.
Msueh qu` ym ti`l`s tu gmpthp/oheputmnhrm gistm pmrm ohe`lzmr `g prho`sh `
ilstmgmr Zytfhl. Ohl `g prhpÿsith n` n`ehstrmrgh, usmré ul sist`em hp`rmtivh
Qilnhws =:. @sth n`d`råm culoihlmr iaumg n` di`l ohl ghs usumrihs n` Qilnhws
1 y Qilnhws 6. Zmrm ghs usumrihs n` Emo h Gilux, mquå `stí gm prie`rm lhtioim.
Ym ti`l`l Zytfhl ilstmgmnh `l sus sist`ems phr n`c`oth.
"@sp`rm, ¸qué8" _i `sm `s tu r`mooiÿl, prhdmdg`e`lt` t` pr`ault`s phr qué lulom
t` fms `lohltrmnh ohl ul iohlh qu` t`lam gm pmgmdrm eíaiom "Zytfhl" `soritm
n`dmkh.
_ÿgh pmrm usumrihs n` Emo y Gilux
Mn`gmlt`, mdr` tu mpgiomoiÿl n` t`reilmg/ohlshgm n`g omkÿl n` mpgiomoihl`s.
Zmr`o` ulm v`ltmlm l`arm ohl ul sialh <. Zmrm ghs usumrihs n` Qilnhws, mulqu`
r`oidirís ul `rrhr, p`rh oheh gm ourihsinmn ym `stí mue`ltmlnh, pugsm gm t`ogm n`
ilioih y `sorid` 'oen' pmrm qu` mpmr`zom `g såedhgh n`g sist`em.

Plm v`z n`ltrh,

g`s pr`s`ltmrí siepg`e`lt` t`og`m
ile`nimtme`lt` "Zytfhl".
`g lûe`rh M ghs usumrihs
n` v`rsiÿl. n` Emo`lohltrmríl
Lhremge`lt`, y Gilux s`
Zytfhl 4 ilstmgmnh. @l ei omsh, oheh ym t`lah ulm v`rsiÿl r`oi`lt`, `st` `s `g
r`sugtmnh qu` hdt`lah;
 
Zytfhl ?.6.: (tmas/v?.6.:;cm9=9cn, Hot => 4:=9, =9;4=;4?) RE_O v.=9=3 ?4 dit
(Ilt`g)U `l wil?4
@soridm "myunm", "ohpyriaft", "oréniths" h "gio`loim" pmrm eís ilchremoiÿl.
 
Ilstmgmr Zytfhl
Gh prie`rh qu` fmy qu` fmo`r `s n`somramr gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl. Gm
 

v`rsiÿl nisphlidg` `l `g ehe`lth n` `soridir `st` gidrh `s Zytfhl ?.6.:, mså qu`
gm usmr`ehs. Zmrm oumgqui`r v`rsiÿl cuturm, fmy ulm du`lm phsidiginmn n` qu`
thnhs ghs ohemlnhs y omrmot`råstioms culoihl`l `xmotme`lt` iaumg, m e`lhs qu`
gm oheulinmn n`oinm omedimr rmniomge`lt` gm chrem `l qu` culoihlm `g g`laumk`.
Ohe`lo`ehs mdri`lnh lu`strh lmv`amnhr w`d y y`lnh nir`otme`lt` m gm cu`lt`.
@l gmsiepgistm
w`d dmrrm n`oheh
nir`ooihl`s, `soridm
`soridm 
s` eu`strm   www.pytfhl.hra
mquå;www.pytfhl.hra y
 y s`rí r`oidinh phr ul sitih

Zms` `g ourshr n`g rmtÿl phr `loiem n` 'N`somrams' y `g sitih w`d n`d`råm s`r
ompmz n` n`t`otmr mutheítiome`lt` su pgmtmchrem y pr`s`ltmr gm v`rsiÿl
ohrr`sphlni`lt` `l ohls`ou`loim. Fmam ogio `l `g dhtÿl pmrm ohe`lzmr gm
n`somram.
_i lh `s mså, siepg`e`lt` fmz ogio `l `g lhedr` n` gm pgmtmchrem qu` `stís
usmlnh pmrm s`r gg`vmnh m gm píailm n` n`somrams. Mquå, fmz ogio `l gm prie`rm
hpoiÿl qu` nio` "Ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl ? - Zytfhl ?.6.:" y n`soíramgm.
Plm v`z n`somramnh `g mrofivh, siepg`e`lt` `k`oût`gh pmrm ilstmgmr Zytfhl `l su
sist`em. @sth lh n`d`råm gg`vmr eís n` ul eiluth eís h e`lhs. Mfhrm `k`outm `g
 

såedhgh n`g sist`em/t`reilmg ulm v`z eís y `sorid` 'Zytfhl' pmrm v`r gm v`rsiÿl
n` Zytfhl ilstmgmnm `l tu eíquilm. @sth, phr gh tmlth, ohlcirem qu` gm ilstmgmoiÿl
fm inh di`l.
Zmrm ghs usumrihs n` Gilux, n`p`lni`lnh n`g tiph n` smdhr qu` `stél usmlnh,
l`o`sitmríl `k`outmr oi`rths ohemlnhs. Mquå fmy ul prho`sh pmsh m pmsh n` oÿeh
pu`n`s ohls`auir Zytfhl ?.6.: `l tu sist`em.
Zmsh =; Iltrhnuzom ghs siaui`lt`s ohemlnhs `l su t`reilmg.
sunh mpt-a`t ilstmgg duign-`ss`ltimg of`obilstmgg
sunh mpt-a`t ilstmgg gidr`mngil`-apgv4-n`v gidlours`sw0-n`v gidssg-n`v gidsqgit`?-
n`v tb-n`v gidande-n`v gido3-n`v giddz4-n`v gidcci-n`v zgid=a-n`v
 
@sth ilstmgm `s`loimge`lt` gms didgiht`oms l`o`smrims pmrm ms`aurmr ulm
ilstmgmoiÿl `xithsm n` Zytfhl ?.6. _i s` g` pin` qu` `gikms _å h Lh, `gia` _å y
prho`n`.
Zmsh 4; Plm v`z ogmsiciomnh, mfhrm t`lnrís qu` iltrhnuoir ghs siaui`lt`s
ohemlnhs;
sunh wa`t fttps;//www.pytfhl.hra/ctp/pytfhl/?.6.:/Zytfhl-?.6.:.taz
 
@sth n`somramrí `g mrofivh l`o`smrih qu` l`o`sitm nir`otme`lt` m su nir`othrih n`
trmdmkh motumg. Plm v`z n`somramnh `g mrofivh, n`d`rí `xtrm`rgh, y pmrm `ggh,
iltrhnuzom `g siaui`lt` ohemlnh;
sunh tmx xzc Zytfhl-?.6.:.taz
 
Zmsh ?; Mfhrm, `k`outmr`ehs mgaulhs oÿniahs pmrm ilstmgmr Zytfhl usmlnh
"mgtilstmgg", qu` `s ulm chrem eís s`aurm n` fmo`r gms ohsms. Zrie`rh, `ltrm `l gm
omrp`tm Zytfhl-?.6.: iltrhnuoi`lnh `g siaui`lt` ohemlnh;
on Zytfhl-?.6.:
 
M ohltilumoiÿl, t`lnrís qu` `k`outmr `sths nhs ohemlnhs. ^`l `l ou`ltm qu` `sth
gg`vmrí ul ti`eph ohlsin`rmdg`, mså qu` tÿemt` ul n`somlsh si qui`r`s.
sunh . /ohlciaurmr -fmdigitmr-hptieizmoiÿl
sunh fmo`r mgtilstmgg
 
 

Zmsh >; @g gmrah, mrnuh y `xt`lsh prho`sh n` ilstmgmoiÿl fm t`reilmnh

cilmge`lt`. @s fhrm n` oheprhdmr gm v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl pmrm v`riciomr qu`
t`l`ehs gm ohrr`otm ilstmgmnm.
Zytfhl?.6
 
¡Y vhigm! ^i`l`s gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl ilstmgmnm `l tu eíquilm. Mfhrm,
phn`ehs r`mlunmr ghs pr`pmrmtivhs.
^hnhs ghs usumrihs n` oheputmnhrms, sil iephrtmr su sist`em hp`rmtivh, `stíl
mfhrm `l gål`m y ti`l`l Zytfhl `l culoihlmei`lth. @g prhdg`em `s qu` lmni`
pu`n` `lohltrmr ulm mpgiomoiÿl pmrm `sh. Fmy ulm rmzÿl pmrm `ggh. Mûl lh f`ehs
ilstmgmnh `g "@nithr n` t`xth" n`g qu` fmdgmehs mlt`s.
Zmrm phn`r `k`outmr Zytfhl y phn`r usmrgh pmrm `soridir prharmems, l`o`sitmehs
ul `lthrlh n` n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh (IN@). Zmrm Zytfhl, usmr`ehs ulh n` ghs
e`khr`s, si lh `g e`khr `l `g l`ahoih. _` ggmem ZyOfmre, y `s thnh gh qu`
l`o`sitms pmrm `ep`zmr.
Zmrm n`somramr ZyOfmre, lmv`am m  m  fttps;//www.k`tdrmils.ohe/pyofmre/
fttps;//www.k`tdrmils.ohe/pyofmre/   y fmam
ogio `l n`somramr. @l gm siaui`lt` pmltmggm, fmam ogio `l gm `nioiÿl oheulitmrim, ym
qu` `s armtuitm y lh gm `stmehs usmlnh `xmotme`lt` pmrm ulm hp`rmoiÿl m arml
`somgm, mg e`lhs lh thnmvåm. Gm n`somram n`d`råm ohe`lzmr mutheítiome`lt`.
Plm v`z f`ofh, mdrm `g mrofivh pmrm ilioimr `g prho`sh n` ilstmgmoiÿl.
 
¡Iephrtmlt`!
 Zmrm ghs usumrihs n` Qilnhws, mg ohei`lz
ohei`lzhh n` ggm
m ilstmgmoiÿl, s` `lohltrmrí ohl
ulm pmltmggm qu` g` hcr`o` eûgtipg`s hpoihl`s oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl.
s`aûrmt` n` oheprhdmr `g "Mýmnir Gmlzmei`lth n` Nir mg ZM^F". _i lh
ohepru`dms `sth, pu`n`s `lohltrmrt` ohl prhdg`ems eís mn`gmlt`.
 

Ohltilû` ohl gm ilstmgmoiÿl pmrm ohepg`tmr `g prho`sh. Zu`n` qu` s` g` pinm qu`
r`ilioi` su sist`em n`spués n` qu` gm ilstmgmoiÿl fmym t`reilmnh. _i s` g` pin`, `s
e`khr fmo`rgh. Plm v`z qu` gm ilstmgmoiÿl s` fmym ohepg`tmnh, `s fhrm n` mdrir
ZyOfmre phr prie`rm v`z.
Mn`gmlt`, fmz ogio `l `g iohlh r`oiél mýmninh n` ZyOfmre `l tu `sorithrih pmrm
 

moo`n`r mg prharmem. @g prharmem pu`n` t`l`r ul ilioih r`trmsmnh ym qu` `s gm

prie`rm v`z qu` s` `k`outm. Plm v`z ilioimnh, s` t` pr`s`ltmríl mgaulhs mkust`s
rípinhs. Zu`n`s ehniciomr gm mpmri`loim, `g tmoth y v`r htrhs ohephl`lt`s
ei`ltrms `stís `l `ggh. Lh t` n`svå`s n` gms hpoihl`s n` gms qu` lh ti`l`s li in`m.
@s e`khr `vitmr fmo`r mgah qu` pu`nm t`reilmr omusmlnh prhdg`ems eís
mn`gmlt`.
_i s` `lou`ltrm ohl mgaulm hpoiÿl shdr` `g Iltérpr`t` n` Zytfhl, ¡nékmgh `stmr!
Zhr ûgtieh, ti`l`s ulm v`ltmlm qu` t` p`nirí qu` `epi`o`s ul lu`vh prhy`oth.
Ohei`lzm `giai`lnh `g nir`othrih/omrp`tm nhln` qui`r`s aumrnmr `st` prhy`oth y
nmg` ul lhedr`. ^rmnioihlmge`lt`, lhs o`ýiehs m ghs lhedr`s n`g prie`r
prharmem qu` or`mehs, qu` pmrm lhshtrhs ghs prharmemnhr`s `s `g prharmem
"Fhgm Eulnh". Z`rh, prhe`tå qu` `st` gidrh s`råm niv`rtinh, ¸lh8 Mn`gmlt`, usm
oumgqui`r lhedr` qu` qui`rms y prho`n`.
Cmeigimrizmrs` ohl `g IN@
@l `st` ehe`lth, gm lu`vm s`lsmoiÿl n` ZyOfmre sÿgh mue`ltm tu ourihsinmn.
_md`s qu` `stís m sÿgh ulms phoms pugsmoihl`s n` `ep`zmr tu vimk` pmrm
ohlv`rtirt` `l ul prharmemnhr. Z`rh mlt`s n` fmo`rgh, `s vitmg qu` lhs nirikmehs
mg `g`cmlt` `l gm fmditmoiÿl h mg e`lhs m `sth, `l `st` omsh, gms hpoihl`s y ulhs
phohs dhthl`s n`sohghrinhs.
_i `sp`rmdms mgah cuturistm, pr`c`ridg`e`lt` ohl ul arml lûe`rh n` dhthl`s `
iohlhs, ¡gh si`lth!
Lh vmehs m r`pmsmr omnm ulm n` `ggms ym qu` `sh gg`vmråm dmstmlt` ti`eph, y
crmlome`lt`, li siqui`rm l`o`sitmråmis ohlho`r thnms `stms culoihl`s `l `st`
ehe`lth. Plm v`z qu` s`ms ul prharmemnhr n` Zytfhl di`l v`rsmnh, quizís
qui`rms ohlsugtmr ul emlumg h ul gidrh qu` t` prhphroihl` thnms gms r`c`r`loims y
r`ourshs l`o`smrihs pmrm mpr`ln`r gm ilt`rcmz ohepg`tm n` ZyOfmre, sus ushs y
culoihl`s. Gh e`khr `s mt`l`rs` mg ohlo`pth n` "@sth `s sÿgh ul `nithr n` t`xth
nhln` `soridiehs oÿniahs, y fmo` mgah phr lhshtrhs".
Lh sé phr qué t`em n` ohghr hptmst`, p`rh pr`ci`rh qu` `g eåh s` v`m hsourh. N`
`sm eml`rm, `g oÿniah mpmr`o` y e` cmoigitm gm g`oturm. @g tuyh pu`n` s`r dgmloh,
y `sh tmediél `stí di`l. @g pulth mquå `s qu` t` phlams oÿehnh ohl `g IN@.
Oumlth mlt`s hourrm, eís rípinh mpr`ln`rís.
Zmrm qu` lhs ohlhzomehs, sÿgh l`o`sitmehs mpr`ln`r mgaulms culoihl`s y
dhthl`s. @g r`sth pu`n` moueugmr phgvh niaitmg ym qu` rmrme`lt` ghs usmr`ehs.
O`ltréehlhs `l mgaulms ohsms.
@g pml`g izqui`rnh, h gm dmrrm gmt`rmg, `s nhln` `stíl tus prhy`oths. Kusth n`dmkh
 

n` gm pmgmdrm "prhy`oth", n`d`råms phn`r v`r `g lhedr` qu` g` nist` mg prhy`oth

oheh ulm omrp`tm. N`dmkh n` `sh `stíl gms didgiht`oms `xt`rlms qu` pu`n`s `stmr
usmlnh. Zhr mfhrm, lh t` pr`houp`s phr gh qu` shl2 gms oudrir`ehs `l n`tmgg`
o`rom n`g cilmg. @l gm pmrt` sup`rihr, n`d`råms v`r gms hpoihl`s r`augmr`s, s`auinms
n` mgaulms lu`vms. _i n`s`ms omedimr `g t`em, mýmnir ohephl`lt`s, oheprhdmr
htrhs mkust`s, fmz ogio `l `g mrofivh y `lohltrmrís thnh gh qu` dusoms `l Mkust`s.
Mpmrt` n` `sth, `g ûlioh htrh e`lû qu` lhs ilt`r`sm `s "@k`outmr". Mquå `s nhln`
s` `k`outm `g prharmem qu` `soridiehs. Fmy mtmkhs n` t`ogmnh, ` ilogush s`råm
prun`lt` r`ohrnmrghs, m pmrtir n` mfhrm.
"¡Armlnihsh! @lthlo`s, ¸nÿln` `soridh `g oÿniah8 Lh v`h lilaûl `spmoih."
Fmz ogio ohl `g dhtÿl n`r`ofh n`g rmtÿl `l gm omrp`tm n` prhy`oths ohl `g lhedr`
qu` `g`aist` mlt`s. Zms` `g rmtÿl phr `loiem n` "Lu`vh" y `gia` "Mrofivh
Zytfhl" y nmg` ul lhedr` mg prie`r prharmem n` tu vinm. Ggme`ehs m `st`
^`st=.py phr `g di`l n`g mpr`lnizmk`.
. py `s ulm `xt`lsiÿl qu` eu`strm qu` `g mrofivh `stí `sorith `l Zytfhl y n`d`
s`r `k`outmnh phr Zytfhl, mg iaumg qu` .nhox, .tmr, `to.
@l `g ehe`lth `l qu` pugs`s `lt`r, t`lnrís ile`nimtme`lt` `s` arml trhzh n` gm
pmltmggm `l `g o`ltrh vmoåm. Mquå `s nhln` `soridirís thnhs ghs oÿniahs n` ghs
prharmems qu` pmsmríl m gm fisthrim. Y, pmrm tu shrpr`sm, fmy ulh `l prho`sh n`
or`moiÿl `l `st` ehe`lth. ¸Oÿeh8 Mn`gmlt`, `soridml `g siaui`lt` oÿniah;
prilt("Gh gharé!")
 
Fee! Zr`sihlmst` `lt`r, y lh pmsÿ lmnm. Du`lh, `sh lh `s niv`rtinh, ¸v`rnmn8
¸T`ou`rnms `g e`lû 'Tul'8 Mn`gmlt`, fmz ogio `l ég y `gia`, du`lh, '@k`outmr' pmrm
ilioimr `g prharmem. Htrm v`ltmlm mpmr`o`rí n`sn` gm pmrt` ilc`rihr y ehstrmrí
`sth;
"O;WL-Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/MppNmtm/Ghomg/Zrharmes/Zytfhl/Zytfhl?1-
?4Wpytfhl.`x`" "O;WPsumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/^`st=.py"
¡Gh gharé!
 
Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm :
 
Nhs ohsms momdml n` suo`n`r mquå. Zrie`rh, pu`n` qu` lh t` fmyms nmnh ou`ltm
n` `sth, p`rh momdms n` fmo`r tu prie`r prharmem. ¡C`gioinmn`s! Momdms n`
hrn`lmr m tu oheputmnhrm qu` iepriem ul e`lsmk` n` tu `g`ooiÿl.
 

_`aulnh, `stm p`qu`ým omkm qu` mpmr`oiÿ n`sn` mdmkh s` ggmem ohlshgm, y momdms
n` n`soudrir gm ûgtiem pi`zm n`g puzg`. Gm ohlshgm `s nhln` s` ieprie` gm
ilchremoiÿl, `g prharmem y `g r`sugtmnh.
Mfhrm, fms visth thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms smd`r pmrm `ep`zmr. Lh l`o`sitms vmamr
phr lilaulm htrm hpoiÿl. Ilogush `g e`lû "@k`outmr" ym lh s` usmrí, mg e`lhs lh
thnh `g ti`eph
r`prhnuooiÿl `l n` thnhs ehnhs.
gm `squilm sup`rihrMfhrm n`d`råms
n`r`ofm, kulth phn`r v`r `goumnrh
mg p`qu`ýh dhtÿln`v`rn` n`
niíghah
qu` ti`l` `g lhedr` n` tu prharmem. Gm prÿxiem v`z, siepg`e`lt` fmz ogio `l
`sh y n`d`råms phn`r `k`outmr ul prharmem.
¸Mlsihsh phr `soridir ul phoh eís8 Mn`gmlt`, `sorid` gms siaui`lt`s gål`ms y
niviért`t` `k`outílnhgms.
prilt("Gh gharé!")
prilt("555555")
prilt ("_i supi`rm qu` s`råm mså n` cíoig")

prilt("555555")
prilt("Fmdråm themnh Zytfhl fmo` mýhs")
prilt("555555")
 
_mginm;
¡Gh gharé!
555555
_i supi`rm qu` s`råm mså n` cíoig
555555
Fmdråm themnh m Zytfhl fmo` mýhs
555555
 
¸Nhs prharmems ym8 ¡Du`l riteh! Zmr`o` qu` `stmehs gisths pmrm sue`rairlhs `l
`g eulnh n` Zytfhl y `ep`zmr m mpr`ln`r qué fmo`l `xmotme`lt` ohsms oheh `g
ohemlnh "prilt", phr qué usmehs oheiggms, y thnm `sm dhlnmn.
Fms ilstmgmnh Zytfhl, fms themnh tu ohpim n` ZyOfmre tmediél. Momdms n`
or`mr nhs siepg`s prharmems qu` shl ompmo`s n` ieprieir ilchremoiÿl `l gm
ohlshgm n` mou`rnh ohl gh qu` `sorid`s. Mfhrm `stmehs ohepg`tme`lt`
hp`rmtivhs, gisths y mdi`rths pmrm `g l`ahoih.
 

T`ou`rnm, lh pu`n`s `sp`rmr ohlv`rtirt` `l ulm s`lsmoiÿl n` prharmemoiÿl

lhoturlm. Gm prharmemoiÿl n` oumgqui`r tiph them ti`eph pmrm nheilmrgm y
n`smrrhggmrgm. Lh pu`n`s `sp`rmr mpr`ln`r lmnm lu`vh y ohlv`rtirt` `l ul
em`strh `l ul ohrth p`råhnh n` ti`eph. @xprie` ul phoh n` ti`eph n` tu rutilm
nimrim. ^mg v`z n`kmr n` kuamr n`emsimnhs ku`ahs, h pmsmr ti`eph n`spgmzílnhs`
ilûtige`lt` fmoim mrridm y fmoim mdmkh `l ghs sitihs n` r`n`s shoimg`s, h ilogush
smgir ohl meiahs thnhs ghs nåms. _i phl`s tu ohrmzÿl y tu mgem mquå nurmlt` `g
prÿxieh mýh, e` marmn`o`rís phr euofh ti`eph.
Niofh `sth, n`ehs lu`strh prie`r pmsh `l `s` vimk` n` eig eiggms. ^mofm `sh, ym
fms nmnh ulhs oumlths pmshs. Ohltilu`ehs ohl `g iepugsh y `sp`r`ehs mýmnir
ulm fmdiginmn m lu`strh lhedr` qu` lhs sirvm pmrm ghs ti`ephs v`lin`rhs.
Mpr`lnmehs Zytfhl.
 

Ompåtugh ?. Mpr`ln`r Zytfhl n`sn` o`rh

Ilogush mlt`s n` oheprmr `st` gidrh, t`låms ulm in`m n` gh iephrtmlt` y
n`emlnmnh qu` `s Zytfhl. ^mediél g`åehs ul phoh shdr` ég mlt`s y viehs oÿeh
`stí sup`rmlnh m euofhs n` ghs priloipmg`s g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl.
T`ohrriehs ulm auåm pmsh m pmsh pmrm n`somramr Zytfhl ?, `g `lthrlh n`
n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh, h `g `nithr n` t`xth/oÿniah, y gh ohlciaurmehs thnh. Zhr
ûgtieh, or`mst` tu prie`r prharmem; ¡di`l f`ofh!
Mfhrm, `s fhrm n` n`kmr n` rmsomr gm sup`rcioi` y sue`rairs` `l `g eulnh n`
Zytfhl. Fmy n`emsimnhs ohephl`lt`s y msp`oths pmrm mpr`ln`r shdr` Zytfhl,
p`rh sÿgh lhs o`ltrmr`ehs `l gh qu` `s `s`loimg pmrm qu` oumgqui`rm gh ohlhzom y
mpr`lnm oheh priloipimlt`.
Ohlsin`r` `sth oheh ulm armeítiom pmrm oumgqui`r htrh inihem. _il armeítiom, `g
g`laumk` su`lm rhth, y tmediél gh fmo` Zytfhl.
Zytfhl m prie`rm vistm
Ohe`lo`ehs ohl `g prharmem qu` momdmehs n` or`mr `l `g ûgtieh ompåtugh. Zmrm
r`ohrnmrlhs gh qu` `rm, mquå fmy ulm rípinm eirmnm m ghs ohemlnhs qu`
`soridiehs;
prilt("Gh gharé!")
prilt("555555")
prilt ("_i supi`rm qu` s`råm mså n` cíoig")
prilt("555555")

prilt("Fmdråm themnh Zytfhl fmo` mýhs")

prilt("555555")
Psmehs ul ohemlnh n` iepr`siÿl pmrm qu` lu`strh e`lsmk` s` iepriei`rm `l gm
omkm n` gm ohlshgm oheh smginm n`g prharmem. Ggmemr "prilt" m ul ohemlnh `s
téoliome`lt` `rrÿl`h2 `s ulm culoiÿl. Ei`ltrms qu` eís mn`gmlt` oudrir`ehs gms
culoihl`s y eéthnhs `l n`tmgg`, phr mfhrm, sÿgh r`ou`rnm qu` gms culoihl`s shl
lhedr`s n` ohemlnhs qu` vml s`auinhs n` ul pmrélt`sis "()" nhln` ghs
pmrélt`sis `stmríl vmoåhs h ohlt`lnríl mgaûl tiph n` nmths. Fmy pmríe`trhs
`stmdg`oinhs qu` `stíl pr`n`cilinhs, gh qu` sialiciom qu` oi`rtms culoihl`s sÿgh
phnríl mo`ptmr ul tiph `sp`oåcioh n` nmths.

@l
or`mr`g ul
`k`epgh mlt`rihr,
e`lsmk` y `shlh`susmehs lmnm
thnh. @l eís qu`
Zytfhl, gms t`xth.
ohsms Plms phoms n`
culoihlml g`trms pmrm
eml`rm
 

nic`r`lt`. @g t`xth lh s` in`lticiom oheh t`xth. ^`l`ehs qu` n`oirg` m Zytfhl

qu` qu`r`ehs qu` `sth s` iepriem oheh t`xth. ¸Oÿeh gh fmo`ehs8 Psmehs
oheiggms siepg`s h nhdg`s qu` p`reit`l m Zytfhl `lt`ln`r qu` oumgqui`r ohsm
n`ltrh n` gms oheiggms `s t`xth y l`o`sitm ieprieirgh oheh `s.
Mpu`sth m qu` gm emyhråm n` ust`n`s lh s` fml nmnh ou`ltm n` qu` thnms gms
gål`ms
qu` gh ohei`lzml ohl ulmn`oirg`s
lhtmrhl, nék`le` "p" eilûsougm `lfioiehs.
phr qué gh guamr n` gh ohltrmrih. ¡Mf, så! Mfhrm
@g Zytfhl `s ul g`laumk` qu` nistilau` `ltr` emyûsougms y eilûsougms.
Ohlsin`rm thnh oheh ul p`rshlmk`, lh oheh ulm omrtm h ul t`xth. @sth sialiciom
qu` gm "p" eilûsougm lh s`rí `g eiseh omríot`r qu` gm "Z" emyûsougm y mså
suo`sivme`lt`.
Zrilt
ZTIL^
prilt

Zril^
pTILt
^hnhs `sths s`ríl trmtmnhs n` eml`rm nic`r`lt` phr Zytfhl, y pmrm prhpÿsiths n`
iepr`siÿl `sths lh culoihlmríl `l mdshguth `xo`pth phr "prilt" ym qu` `s gm
eml`rm `stílnmr n` prhnuoir gms ohsms.
Zmrm lhedrmr oumgqui`r ohsm `l Zytfhl, lhremge`lt` usmehs eilûsougms pmrm
ghs ohemlnhs n` ulm pmgmdrm. @sth lh `s mgah `xogusivh n` Zytfhl, ym qu` thnhs
ghs inihems utigizml mgaulm chrem oheh `stílnmr pmrm `soridir oÿniahs. Gh qu`
fmo` nic`r`lt` m Zytfhl `s gm arml omltinmn n` p`lsmei`lth qu` s` push `l gm
ohlv`loiÿl n` lhedr`s pmrm fmo`r `g oÿniah eís cíoig n` g``r. T`ou`rnm `sth,
oumgqui`r ohsm ohl eís qu` ulm pmgmdrm, pu`n`s usmr mgaulms chrems n` fmo`rgh
oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
GmstXlme`
GmstLme`
gmstlme`
GM_^LME@
@l gm emyhråm n` ghs omshs, usmr`ehs gm prie`rm nhln` omnm g`trm ohei`lzm ohl
ulm eilûsougm. Zmrm ghs ohephl`lt`s ohl eís n` ulm pmgmdrm, usmr`ehs auiÿl
dmkh pmrm s`pmrmrghs. @g siaui`lt` `l gm gål`m s` utigizm a`l`rmge`lt` sÿgh `l
omshs
ogms`s.n`_ÿgh
ogms`s. @l `st`
r`ou`rnm qu`ehe`lth, lh ti`l`
gms pmgmdrms ohl gmqu`prie`rm
pr`houpmrs` phr ghemyûsougm
g`trm oheh qu` shl gmsy
 

qu` lh ti`l`l auiÿl dmkh `s ul `k`epgh n` Ome`g Oms`, y s` utigizm pmrm gms
ogms`s.
@g siaui`lt` `s gm chrem `l qu` lhedrmehs ghs pmqu`t`s. Mquå, thnms gms
pmgmdrms ohei`lzml y t`reilml ohl g`trms eilûsougms y lh ti`l`l auiÿl dmkh
`ltr` `ggms. @l `g phgh hpu`sth, t`l`ehs lu`strm ûgtiem `ltrmnm qu` s` utigizm
pmrm n`cilir
auihl`s gmsqu`
dmkhs ohlstmlt`s. Mquå,
s`pmr`l gms thnms gms g`trms `stíl `l emyûsougms y lh ti`l`l
pmgmdrms.
Mdurrinh, ¸v`rnmn8 ¡Ym gh sé! Z`rh `s mgah qu` qu`rrís r`ohrnmr ym qu` fmr`ehs
euofms n` `stms ohsms. N`d`råms smd`r ouílnh usmr qué ohlv`loiÿl ym qu` `sth
e`khrm euofh gm g`aidiginmn n`g oÿniah. @g hdk`tivh n` Zytfhl `s prhehv`r gm
g`aidiginmn n`g oÿniah, y si vmehs `l ohltrm n` `sh, lh ti`l` euofh s`ltinh
mpr`ln`r Zytfhl.
Mfhrm qu` f`ehs oudi`rth `sth, ohe`lo`ehs phr nisoutir ghs tiphs n` nmths qu`
`stíl `l culoihlmei`lth n`ltrh n` Zytfhl. _il `gghs, lilaûl g`laumk` n`
prharmemoiÿl hp`rmråm h culoihlmråm. _hl ghs qu` usmehs oheh `ltrmnms y `sths
shl ghs qu` niria`l `g prharmem s`aûl lu`strh n`s`h.
¸]ué shl ghs tiphs n` nmths8
Omnm prharmem ti`l` oi`rths nmths qu` g` p`reit`l culoihlmr y hp`rmr n` gm
eml`rm qu` qu`r`ehs. Ghs nmths pu`n`l s`r ul t`xth, ul lûe`rh, h oumgqui`r
htrm ohsm ilt`re`nim. Ym s`m n` lmturmg`zm ohepg`km h tml siepg` oheh s` qui`rm,
`sths tiphs n` nmths shl ghs `larmlmk`s n` ulm eíquilm qu` p`reit`l qu` `g r`sth
n`g e`omliseh s` ohl`ot` y culoihl`.
Zytfhl `s ul fhst n` ulhs phohs tiphs n` nmths y, m nic`r`loim n` sus
ohep`tinhr`s, lh s` houpm n` ulm mepgim amem n` ohsms. @sh `s du`lh phrqu`
t`l`ehs e`lhs n` qué pr`houpmrlhs y mul mså gharmehs r`sugtmnhs pr`oishs m
p`smr n`g gmpsh. Zytfhl cu` or`mnh pmrm fmo`r lu`strms vinms, oheh
prharmemnhr`s, euofh eís cíoig`s.
Omn`lms
@l Zytfhl, y htrhs g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl, oumgqui`r vmghr n` t`xth qu`
phnmehs usmr, oheh lhedr`s, guamr`s, crms`s, thnhs s` n`lheilml omn`lms. Plm
omn`lm `s ulm ohg`ooiÿl n` omrmot`r`s, lh pmgmdrms h g`trms, qu` s` emrom ohl `g
ush n` oheiggms siepg`s h nhdg`s.
Zmrm ehstrmr ulm omn`lm, us` `g ohemlnh n` iepr`siÿl, mdrm ul pmrélt`sis,
phlam ulm oheiggm y `soridm oumgqui`r ohsm. Plm v`z f`ofh, a`l`rmge`lt`
t`reilmehs gms oheiggms y o`rrmehs `g pmrélt`sis.
Ym qu` `stmehs usmlnh ZyOfmre, `g Ilt`ggi_`ls` n`t`otm gh qu` `stmehs m pulth
 

n` fmo`r y lhs `ltr`am `g r`sth ile`nimtme`lt`. Zu`n` qu` fmyms lhtmnh oÿeh
smgtÿ mg r`somt` oumlnh sÿgh t`og`ms `g shphrt` n` mp`rturm. Mutheítiome`lt` t`
prhphroihlmrí `g n` oi`rr`. N`g eiseh ehnh, pmrm gms oheiggms, ulm h nhs, g`
prhphroihlmrí gms n` oi`rr`. ¸S`s phr qué `stmehs usmlnh ZyOfmre8 Lhs myunm
euofh.

"^`lah
`g eisehulm pr`aultm. ¸Zhr qué usmehs oheiggms siepg`s h nhdg`s si medms nml
r`sugtmnh8"
¡Mf! Smym hkh. Fmy ulm rmzÿl phr gm qu` usmehs `sth, nékme` `xpgiomrt` usmlnh
`g `k`epgh n` mdmkh;
prilt('I'e mcrmin I whl't d` mdg` th emb` it')
prilt("F` smin "Qfy nh yhu omr`8"")
 Ilt`ltm pmsmr `sth phr ZyOfmre. T`ou`rnm, pmrm `k`outmrgh, siepg`e`lt` fmz ogio
`l `g dhtÿl v`rn` `l gm pmrt` sup`rihr n`r`ofm n` gm ilt`rcmz.
"O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/^`st=.py"
 Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/^`st=.py", gål`m =
  prilt('I'e mcrmin I whl't d` mdg` th emb` it')
  \
_yltmx@rrhr; siltmxis ilvíginm
 
Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm =
 
Plm pistm; ¡`s ul `rrhr!

@lthlo`s, ¸qué pmsÿ iepr`sm

prie`rm n`ogmrmoiÿl mquå8 Ilt`ltm r`vismr
ohl ulm shgmgmsoitm8
`ltrmnms. ¸S`s oÿeh t`reilmehs
Ile`nimtme`lt`, `ep`zmehs gm
gm
oitm ohl htrm oheiggm. @g prharmem sÿgh mo`ptÿ gm g`trm "I" oheh omn`lm. Fmdrí
lhtmnh oÿeh `g ohghr pu`n` fmd`r omedimnh pmrm omnm ulh n` ghs htrhs
omrmot`r`s n`sn` gm "e" fmstm gm "whl", n`spués n` gh oumg `g prharmem n`t`otm
htrm oheiggm y mo`ptm `g r`sth oheh htrm omn`lm. Dmstmlt` ohlcush, pmrm s`r
fhl`sth.
N`g eiseh ehnh, `l gm s`aulnm n`ogmrmoiÿl, hourriÿ gh eiseh. @g prharmem vih
gms oheiggms nhdg`s y gh `lt`lniÿ oheh ulm omn`lm, fmstm `g ehe`lth `l qu`
gg`am gm s`aulnm ilstmloim n` oheiggms nhdg`s. Mfå `s nhln` lh s` ehg`stÿ `l
oheprhdmr si s` trmtm n` ulm crms` h si thnmvåm pu`n` `stmr `l emrofm. Ghs
hrn`lmnhr`s lh `lti`ln`l `g ilagés2 `lti`ln`l gms oheuliomoihl`s dilmrims. @g
 

ohepigmnhr `s gh qu` s` `k`outm oumlnh pr`sihlmehs `g dhtÿl n` `k`ouoiÿl.

Ohepigm lu`strh oÿniah ` ilt`rpr`tm `g eiseh `l ulm s`ri` n` ulhs y o`rhs pmrm
qu` `g hrn`lmnhr pu`nm `lt`ln`r gh qu` g` p`niehs qu` fmam.
Zhr `sh, `l `g ehe`lth `l qu` n`t`otm gm prie`rm oheiggm, gm ohlsin`rm oheh `g
ohei`lzh n` ulm omn`lm, y gm t`reilm ile`nimtme`lt` oumlnh n`t`otm ulm
s`aulnm oheiggm, mulqu` gm crms` siam mn`gmlt`.
Zmrm sup`rmr `st` hdstíough, utigizmehs ulm e`zogm n` oheiggms siepg`s y nhdg`s
oumlnh smd`ehs qu` l`o`sitmehs utigizmr ulm n` `ggms n`ltrh n` gm crms`. Ilt`ltm
r``epgmzmr gms oheiggms n` mp`rturm y oi`rr` n`g prie`r `stmnh phr oheiggms
nhdg`s `l medhs `xtr`ehs. N`g eiseh ehnh, omedim gms oheiggms n` gm s`aulnm
n`ogmrmoiÿl phr oheiggms siepg`s oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
ieprieir ("I'e mcrmin I whl't d` mdg` th emb` it")
prilt('F` smin "Qfy nh yhu omr`8"')
 

Mfhrm gm smginm n`d`råm v`rs` mså;

I'e mcrmin I whl't d` mdg` th emb` it.
F` smin "Qfy nh yhu omr`8"
 
Zhr ûgtieh, pmrm gms omn`lms, gm ohlv`loiÿl n` lhedr`s lh s` mpgiom mg t`xth n`
gm prhpim omn`lm. Zu`n` usmr ghs eéthnhs n` `soriturm y ohlv`loihl`s ilag`sms
fmditumg`s sil pr`houpmoihl`s, si`epr` qu` `sté `ltr` oheiggms. Oumgqui`r ohsm
cu`rm n` `ggm lh s`rí ulm omn`lm `l prie`r guamr, y culoihlmrí h lh culoihlmrí si
omedims ghs omshs.

¸_mdåms
hånh `sh,qu` gms omn`lms
¸v`rnmn8 tmediél
¡Oudrir`ehs `shusml oheiggms tripg`s8 Lulom mlt`s fmdåms
`l dr`v`!
^iph n` nmths lueériohs
^mg oheh suai`r` `g lûe`rh, Zytfhl `s ompmz n` r`ohlho`r ghs lûe`rhs dmstmlt`
di`l. Ghs lûe`rhs `stíl nivininhs `l nhs pmr`s;
@lt`rh - Pl lûe`rh `lt`rh phsitivh y/h l`amtivh qu` s` r`pr`s`ltm sil pulths
n`oiemg`s.
N`oiemg - Pl lûe`rh r`mg qu` ti`l` ulm r`pr`s`ltmoiÿl n` pulth n`oiemg.
@sth sialiciom qu`, si s` usml =:: y =::,::, ulh s` in`lticiomrí oheh ul lûe`rh
`lt`rh ei`ltrms qu` `g htrh s` ohlsin`rmrí oheh ul n`oiemg. @lthlo`s, ¸phr qué
l`o`sitmehs usmr nhs r`pr`s`ltmoihl`s lueérioms nistiltms8
 

_i `stís nis`ýmlnh ul prharmem, suphlamehs ul p`qu`ýh ku`ah, qu` ti`l` gm

vinm n` ul p`rshlmk` n` =:, pu`n` qu` n`s``s emlt`l`r `g prharmem n` eml`rm
qu` omnm v`z qu` niofh p`rshlmk` r`oidm ul ahgp`, su vinm s` r`nuzom `l ulh h
nhs pulths. _il `edmrah, pmrm fmo`r gms ohsms ul phoh eís pr`oisms, pu`n` qu`
l`o`sit`s usmr lûe`rhs n`oiemg`s. Mfhrm, omnm ahgp` pu`n` vmrimr y pu`n`

quitmrg`
@g ush =,0, 4,= h =,6 pulths
n` n`oiemg`s mg thtmg n`
lhs p`reit` vinm.
usmr ulm emyhr pr`oisiÿl, `sp`oimge`lt`
oumlnh ghs oígoughs `stíl `l gms omrtms. _i lh t` pr`houpm n`emsimnh gm pr`oisiÿl,
h si tu prharmemoiÿl sÿgh iloguy` lûe`rhs `lt`rhs, oåý`t` m ghs `lt`rhs.
Dhhg`mls
¡Mf! @g qu` ti`l` ul lhedr` armoihsh. Dhhg`ml (h dhhg) `s ul tiph n` nmths qu`
sÿgh pu`n` hp`rmr y n`vhgv`r nhs vmghr`s; S`rnmn`rh h cmgsh. Ghs dhhg`mls shl
ulm pmrt` vitmg pmrm oumgqui`r prharmem, `xo`pth pmrm mqu`gghs `l ghs qu` lulom
gms l`o`sitms, oheh lu`strh prie`r prharmem. @s gh qu` p`reit` m ghs prharmems
themr vmrihs omeilhs si `g r`sugtmnh `s v`rnmn`rh h cmgsh.
Mquå fmy ul p`qu`ýh `k`epgh. _upÿl qu` `stís vimkmlnh m ul pmås `l `g qu`
lulom fm `stmnh. Fmy nhs hpoihl`s qu` `s eís prhdmdg` qu` `lcr`lt`s.
_i fmo` cråh, `stmrís `epmomlnh tu rhpm n` ilvi`rlh. _i fmo` omghr, `epmomrís
rhpm mprhpimnm pmrm `g ogiem oíginh. _iepg`, ¸v`rnmn8 Mså `s `xmotme`lt` oheh
culoihlml ghs Dhhg`mls. ^mediél v`r`ehs `g msp`oth n` gm ohniciomoiÿl. Zhr
mfhrm, r`ou`rn`l qu` oumlnh s` trmtm n` v`rnmn`rh y cmgsh, s` trmtm n` ul vmghr n`
dhhg.
Gistm
Ei`ltrms qu` `sth `s ul phoh eís mvmlzmnh pmrm mgaui`l `l `stm `tmpm n`
mpr`lnizmk`, gm gistm `s ul tiph n` nmths qu` fmo` `xmotme`lt` gh qu` su`lm.
@lue`rm hdk`ths, vmghr`s h mgemo`lm nmths `ltr` ohrof`t`s (RU). F` mquå oÿeh s`
v`råm ulm gistm;
e`s 5 R'@l`', 'C`d', 'Emrzh', 'Y mså suo`sivme`lt`!'U
Gh `stunimr`ehs phr s`pmrmnh nhln` nisoutir`ehs gms gistms, tupgms y
niooihlmrihs.
F`ehs `xmeilmnh dr`v`e`lt` `sths tiphs n` nmths. _`aurme`lt`, s` usml n`ltrh
n` Zytfhl, p`rh ¸oÿeh8 _i or``s qu` pu`n`s t`og`mr ghs lûe`rhs y v`rnmn`rh y
cmgsh, thnh phr så eiseh, lulom culoihlmrí.
Smrimdg`s
^i`l`s m ghs pmsmk`rhs, p`rh lh ti`l` ul ehnh n` vimkmr2 lh t`lnríl m nÿln` ir.
 

@sths pmsmk`rhs sÿgh s`råml a`lt` qu` `stí n` pi`, `sp`rmlnh mgaûl tiph n`
trmlsphrt` pmrm r`oha`rghs. N` eml`rm sieigmr, ghs tiphs n` nmths lh pu`n`l
culoihlmr shghs. L`o`sitml s`r "mgemo`lmnhs" `l `sths v`fåoughs qu` pu`n`l
gg`vmrghs m sus guamr`s. @sths v`fåoughs `sp`oimg`s, h oheh lhshtrhs ghs
prharmemnhr`s lhs r`c`riehs m ghs ohlt`l`nhr`s, s` ggmeml 'vmrimdg`s', y shl

`xmotme`lt`
Gms vmrimdg`sgh qu`
shlfmo`l gm emaim pmrm
ohlt`l`nhr`s lhshtrhs. qu` mgemo`lml ul vmghr
`sp`oimgizmnhs
`sp`oåcioh `l `gghs y m ghs qu` s` pu`n` moo`n`r, ggmemr, ehniciomr h ilogush
`gieilmr oumlnh s`m l`o`smrih. Omnm vmrimdg` qu` s` pu`nm or`mr ohlt`lnrí ul
tiph `sp`oåcioh n` nmths `l `gghs. Lh pu`n`s mýmnir eís n` ul tiph n` nmths
n`ltrh n` ulm vmrimdg`.
@l htrhs g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl, `lohltrmrís qu` pmrm or`mr ulm vmrimdg`,
l`o`sitms usmr gm pmgmdrm ogmv` "vmr" s`auinm n` ulm emrom iaumg "5" y gu`ah `g
vmghr. @l Zytfhl, `s euofh eís cíoig, oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;
lhedr` 5 "Khfl"
`nmn 5 ??
p`sh 5 =?=.0:
`stíXomsmnh 5 ^ru`
 
@l gh mlt`rihr, f`ehs or`mnh ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm "lhedr`" y g` f`ehs nmnh ul
vmghr n` omrmot`r`s. _i r`ou`rnms gms omn`lms, f`ehs usmnh oheiggms nhdg`s pmrm
qu` `g prharmem s`pm qu` s` trmtm n` ulm omn`lm.
Gu`ah or`mehs ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm `nmn. Mquå, siepg`e`lt` `soridiehs ??,
qu` `s ul lûe`rh `lt`rh ym qu` lh fmy oicrms n`oiemg`s n`spués n` `sh. Lh `s
l`o`smrih usmr oheiggms mquå `l mdshguth.
M ohltilumoiÿl, or`mehs ulm vmrimdg` "p`sh" y g` msialmehs ul vmghr n`oiemg.
Cilmge`lt`, or`mehs ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm '`stíXomsmnh' y g` msialmehs ul vmghr
'^ru`' n` dhhg. _i omedims gm '^' phr gm 't' `g sist`em lh gm r`ohlho`rí oheh ul
dhhg y t`reilmrí nmlnh ul `rrhr.
 @lcÿomt` `l oÿeh usmehs gm ohlv`loiÿl n` lhedr`s pmrm gm ûgtiem vmrimdg`.
 Lhs ms`aurmr`ehs n` qu` lu`strms vmrimdg`s siaml gm eisem ohlv`loiÿl n`
lhedr`s.
Ilogush pu`n`s or`mr vmrimdg`s `l dgmloh `l omsh n` qu` si`ltms qu` pu`n`s

l`o`sitmrgms `l ul ehe`lth
ilioih n` gm mpgiomoiÿl. phst`rihr,
@l `g omsh n` gmshvmrimdg`s
n`s`` ilioimrgms sil lilaûl
ohl vmghr`s vmghrpu`n`s
lueériohs, `l `g
 

or`mr ulm vmrimdg` ohl ul lhedr` n` tu `g`ooiÿl y msialmrg` ul vmghr n` o`rh.

Mgt`rlmtivme`lt`, tmediél pu`n` or`mr ulm omn`lm vmoåm utigizmlnh sÿgh oheiggms
n` mp`rturm y oi`rr`.
`eptyXvmrimdg`= 5 :
`eptyXvmrimdg`4 5 ""
 
Lh ti`l`s qu` lhedrmrghs l`o`smrime`lt` mså, pu`n`s ilv`ltmr lhedr`s eís
sialiciomtivhs, pmrm qu` tû y oumgqui`r htrh prharmemnhr qu` pu`nm g``r tu oÿniah
gh `lti`lnm. G`s f` nmnh `sths lhedr`s pmrm ms`aurmre` n` qu` oumgqui`rm pu`nm
`lt`ln`r ile`nimtme`lt` su prhpÿsith.
Mfhrm f`ehs mpr`lninh m or`mr vmrimdg`s, mpr`lnmehs m ggmemrgms. ¸]ué s`ltinh
ti`l` t`l`r `stms vmrimdg`s si lulom vmehs m usmrgms, v`rnmn8
Smehs m or`mr ul lu`vh ohlkulth n` vmrimdg`s. @ofm ul vistmzh mquå;
lhedr` 5 "Khlmf"
`nmn 5 >1
mgturmX`lXoe 5 =1:
houpmoiÿl 5 "Zrharmemnhr"
 
^` mlieh m qu` us`s tus prhpihs vmghr`s y ku`au`s ohl gms vmrimdg`s si qui`r`s.
Zmrm phn`r ggmemr m gm vmrimdg` n` lhedr`, siepg`e`lt` t`l`ehs qu` `soridir `g
lhedr` n` gm vmrimdg`. Zmrm ieprieirgh `l gm ohlshgm, fmr`ehs `sth;
Zrilt(lhedr`)

 
_mginm
Khlmf
 
Gh eiseh hourr` ohl gm `nmn, gm mgturm vmrimdg` y gm houpmoiÿl. Z`rh, ¸y si
quisiérmehs ieprieirgms kultms y lh phr s`pmrmnh8
Ilt`lt` `k`outmr `g oÿniah n` mdmkh y v`m qué pmsm;
prilt(lhedr` `nmn mgturmX`lXoe houpmoiÿl)
 
¸_hrpr`lninh8 ¸^`reilmst` ohl `sth8
 

prilt(lhedr` `nmn mgturmX`lXoe houpmoiÿl)

  \
_iltmxis@rrhr; siltmxis ilvíginm
 

Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm =

Mquå `stí gm rmzÿl phr gm qu` `sh suo`niÿ. Oumlnh s` usmdm ulm shgm vmrimdg`, `g
prharmem smdåm qué vmrimdg` `rm. @l `g ehe`lth `l qu` mar`amdms ulm s`aulnm,
ulm t`ro`rm y ulm oumrtm vmrimdg`, trmtmdm n` dusomr mgah qu` `stuvi`rm `sorith n`
`sm eml`rm. Oheh lh fmdåm lilaulm, r`ar`sÿ ohl ul `rrhr qu` nio` gh ohltrmrih;
"Pee... ¸@stí s`aurh, s`ýhr8 ^rmté n` dusomr `l thnms pmrt`s, p`rh lh pun`
`lohltrmr `st` `g`e`lth n` 'lhedr` `nmn mgturmX`lXoe houpmoiÿl' `l lilaulm
mrt`."
^hnh gh qu` l`o`sitms fmo`r `s mýmnir ulm ohem pmrm qu` motû` oheh s`pmrmnhr;
prilt(lhedr`, `nmn, mgturmX`lXoe, houpmoiÿl)
 
_mginm;
Khlmf >1 =1: Zrharmemnhr
 
"¡_us vmrimdg`s, s`ýhr!"
Y mfhrm, smdåm n` gh qu` `stídmehs fmdgmlnh. @g sist`em r`ohrnÿ `stms vmrimdg`s
y cu` ompmz n` ehstrmrlhs ohl éxith ouíg`s `rml sus vmghr`s. ¸Z`rh qué pmsm si
ilt`ltms suemr nhs omn`lms8 ¸]ué pmsm si n`s`m cusihlmr nhs omn`lms s`pmrmnms
y or`mr ulm t`ro`rm omn`lm oheh r`sugtmnh8
lhedr` 5 "Khfl"
mp`gginh 5 "Qiob"

Zmrm ulir `stms nhs omn`lms `l ulm, phn`ehs usmr `g sialh '+'. Gm omn`lm
r`sugtmlt` s` ggmemrí mfhrm Hdk`th n` Omn`lm, y oheh `stmehs trmtmlnh ohl
Zytfhl, thnh n`ltrh n` `st` g`laumk` s` ohlsin`rm ul hdk`th, phr gh tmlth gm
lmturmg`zm n` gm Zrharmemoiÿl Hri`ltmnm m Hdk`ths qu` nisoutiehs `l mgaûl
ehe`lth n`g ohei`lzh.
lhedr` 5 "Khfl"
mp`gginh 5 "Qiob"
 

lhedr` + mp`gginh
 
Mquå, lh g` p`niehs mg prharmem qu` iepriei`rm gms nhs ou`rnms. _i n`s`m
ieprieir `stms nhs `l su guamr, siepg`e`lt` mýmnm gm culoiÿl n` iepr`siÿl y
`soridm gms vmrimdg`s n` gm omn`lm ohl ul sialh + `l `g e`nih `ltr` pmrélt`sis.
_u`lm di`l, p`rh `g r`sugtmnh lh s`rí `g qu` `sp`rms;
lhedr` 5 "Khfl"
mp`gginh 5 "Qiob"
prilt(lhedr` + mp`gginh)
 
_mginm;
KhflQiob
 
Fee. ¸Zhr qué @g
nhs vmrimdg`s. or``s qu` pmsÿ`s`sh8
prhdg`em qu`Oi`rtme`lt`, usmehs s`
gms nhs omn`lms ul fml
`spmoih `ltr` gms
ohedilmnh,
git`rmge`lt` mquå, y lh prhphroihlmehs ul `spmoih `l dgmloh (`spmoih `l dgmloh)
n`spués n` Khfl h mlt`s n` Qiob, lh iloguirí `sh. Ilogush `g `spmoih `l dgmloh
pu`n` s`r pmrt` n` ulm omn`lm. Zmrm prhdmrgh, mýmn` ul omríot`r n` `spmoih `l gm
prie`rm gål`m n`g oÿniah pugsmlnh `l gm dmrrm `spmoimnhrm n`spués n` Khfl.
Mfhrm ilt`ltm `k`outmr `g eiseh ohemlnh n` lu`vh y n`d`råm v`r "Khfl Qiob"
oheh r`sugtmnh.
@g prho`sh n` cusiÿl n` nhs omn`lms s` ggmem ohlomt`lmoiÿl. Ei`ltrms qu`
pu`n`s ohlomt`lmr tmltms omn`lms oheh qui`rms, lh pu`n`s ohlomt`lmr ulm
omn`lm
téoliom ypmrm
ul `lt`rh kulths.
ohlv`rtir _i r`mge`lt`
prie`rh l`o`sitms
`g `lt`rh `l ulm fmo`r `sh,y t`lnrís
omn`lm qu` usmr htrm
gu`ah ohlomt`lmr gm
eisem. Zmrm ohlv`rtir ul `lt`rh, usmehs gm culoiÿl str().
t`xt= 5 "O`rh `s iaumg m"
t`xt4 5 :
prilt(t`xt= + str(t`xt4))
 
_mginm;
O`rh `s iaumg m :
 
 

Zytfhl g`` ghs oÿniahs `l ul eéthnh gål`m phr gål`m. Zrie`rh, g``rí gm prie`rm
gål`m, gu`ah gm s`aulnm, gu`ah gm t`ro`rm, y mså suo`sivme`lt`. @sth sialiciom qu`
tmediél phn`ehs fmo`r mgaulms ohsms n` mlt`emlh, pmrm mfhrrmrlhs mgah n`
ti`eph.
t`xt= 5 "@g o`rh siau` si`lnh iaumg m"
t`xt4 5 str(:)
prilt(t`xth= + t`xth4)
 
_mginm;
@g o`rh siau` si`lnh iaumg m :
 
^mg v`z qui`rms r`ohrnmr `sth ym qu` visitmr`ehs gm ohlv`rsiÿl n` ghs vmghr`s `l
omn`lms euofh mlt`s n` gh qu` phnråm `sp`rmrs`.

Fmy htrm chrem

lueérioms, thnms n` ieprieir
mg eiseh tmlth sil
ti`eph, gmsl`o`sinmn
vmrimdg`s n`
n` sialhs
omn`lm'+'oheh gms vmrimdg`s
h ohlv`rsiÿl. @stm
chrem s` ggmem chremth n` omn`lm. Zmrm or`mr ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm, s`auiehs
ul prho`sh siepg` oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
prilt(c‗ Mquå `s nhln` `stmrí {vmr =}. Gu`ah {vmr 4}, gu`ah {vmr ?} y mså
suo`sivme`lt`")
Smr =, 4 y ? shl vmrimdg`s. Zu`n`s t`l`r tmltms oheh qui`rms mquå. Cåkmt` `l gm
iephrtmloim n` ghs `spmoihs `l dgmloh. Ilt`ltm lh usmr tmlth gm dmrrm
`spmoimnhrm. Zu`n` qu` mg priloipih t` ou`st`, p`rh mg cilmg g` mamrrmrms `g
trmlquiggh.

Oumlnh `ep`zmehs
qu` `s ulm gm omn`lm, Mquå,
omn`lm chremt`mnm. ohghomehs `g omríot`r
ghs ohrof`t`s 'c' pmrm
rizmnhs qu`r`mgizmlnh
`stíl Zytfhl s`pm
ulm
pmrt` n` ghs emromnhr`s n` phsioiÿl. N`ltrh n` `sths pmrélt`sis rizmnhs, pu`n`s
r`ohrnmr tus vmrimdg`s. Pl ohlkulth n` ohrof`t`s s`rí ul emromnhr n` phsioiÿl
pmrm omnm vmrimdg` qu` qui`rms ggmemr. Zmrm phl`r `sth `l téreilhs príotiohs,
v`mehs ul `k`epgh;
sfhw 5 "AH^"
lhedr`= 5 "Nm`l`rys"
lhedr`4 5 "Khl"
lhedr`? 5 "^yrihl"
t`ephrmnms 5 6
 

prilt(c"@g prharmem ggmemnh {sfhw} t`låm p`rshlmk`s oheh {lhedr`=},

{lhedr`4} y {lhedr`?} `l gms {t`ephrmnms} t`ephrmnms. ")
 

_mginm;
@g prharmem ggmemnh AH^ t`låm p`rshlmk`s oheh Nm`l`rys, Khl y ^yrihl `l gms
6 t`ephrmnms.
 
Mulqu` `xist`l htrms vmrimoihl`s pmrm ohlv`rtir ghs lûe`rhs `lt`rhs `l omn`lms
y ohlomt`lmr gms omn`lms `ltr` så, gh e`khr `s mpr`ln`r gms qu` s` utigizml `l thnm
gm ilnustrim oheh `stílnmr.
¸T`ou`rnms gms oheiggms tripg`s qu` e`loihlé mlt`s8 Or`h qu` mfhrm `stís `l ulm
du`lm phsioiÿl pmrm `ep`zmr m usmrgms.
@ofm ul vistmzh m `st` r`sugtmnh, y t`l `l ou`ltm qu` lh f` usmnh lilaulm
vmrimdg` mquå `l mdshguth.
Mfhrm, fms visth oÿeh or`mr ulm vmrimdg`, r`ohrnmrgm y ohlomt`lmrgm. ^hnh su`lm
p`rc`oth, `xo`pth phr ulm ohsm2 `sths shl vmghr`s pr`n`cilinhs. ¸Y si l`o`sitmehs
ulm `ltrmnm nir`otme`lt` n`g usumrih cilmg8 ¸Oÿeh phn`ehs smd`r `sh8 Ilogush
si gh fmo`ehs, ¸nÿln` ghs mgemo`lmehs8
Smghr`s n` `ltrmnm n` usumrih
_uphlamehs qu` `stmehs trmtmlnh n` or`mr ul chreugmrih `l gål`m. @st`
chreugmrih ohlt`lnrí pr`aultms siepg`s oheh p`nir `g lhedr` n`g usumrih, `nmn,
oiunmn, nir`ooiÿl n` ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh, `to. N`d` fmd`r mgaulm eml`rm n`
p`reitir m ghs usumrihs
r`oup`r`ehs. Zhn`ehsiltrhnuoir
utigizmr `sths vmghr`spmrm
gm eisem phr såieprieir
eisehs yulqu`e`lsmk`
lhshtrhsqu`
ghs
marmn`zom mg usumrih phr usmr `g chreugmrih y qu` s` g` ohltmot` `l su nir`ooiÿl
n` ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh pmrm ghs prÿxiehs pmshs.
Zmrm `ggh, utigizmr`ehs gm culoiÿl  ilput(). Gm culoiÿl ilput pu`n` mo`ptmr
oumgqui`r tiph n` `ltrmnm. Zmrm usmr `stm culoiÿl, l`o`sitmr`ehs prhv``rgm ohl
mgaulm r`c`r`loim pmrm qu` `g usumrih cilmg pu`nm smd`r gh qu` `stí m pulth n`
gg`lmr.
S`mehs ul `k`epgh tåpioh y v`mehs oÿeh s` pu`n` or`mr ulm chrem mså;
prilt("Fhgm y di`lv`linhs m ei tuthrimg ilt`rmotivh.")
lme` 5 ilput("^u lhedr`; ")
 

ma` 5 ilt(ilput("^u `nmn; "))

oity 5 ilput("¸Nÿln` viv`s8")
`emig 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su nir`ooiÿl n` ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh; ")
 

prilt(c"Euofms armoims {lhedr`}, s` g` ohltmotmrí `l {ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh}.")

 
_mginm;
Fhgm y di`lv`linhs m ei tuthrimg ilt`rmotivh.
^u lhedr`; _me
^u `nmn; 46
¸Nÿln` viv`s8 Ghlnr`s
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su nir`ooiÿl n` ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh; smeJmdoxyz.ohe
Euofms armoims _me, t` ohltmotmr`ehs `l smeJmdoxyz.ohe.
 
@l gh mlt`rihr, ohe`lzmehs iepriei`lnh ul smgunh mg usumrih y nílnhg` gm
di`lv`linm mg tuthrimg. M ohltilumoiÿl, or`mehs ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm "lhedr`" y
g` msialmehs ul vmghr qu` lu`strh usumrih lhs prhphroihlmrí a`l`rhsme`lt`. @l
gm éphom, fmdríl lhtmnh qu` omedié gm `ltrmnm m ilt(), mså oheh omedimehs mlt`s
`g `lt`rh m omn`lm. @sth s` n`d` m qu` lu`strh e`lsmk` n`ltrh n` ghs pmríe`trhs
n` `ltrmnm `s ul vmghr n` omn`lm phr n`c`oth, ym qu` `stí `ltr` oheiggms. _i`epr`
t`lnrís qu` ms`aurmrt` n` smd`r qué tiph n` vmghr dusoms y fmo`r gh l`o`smrih
oheh s` eu`strm mrridm.

M ohltilumoiÿl,
`g`otrÿlioh. Mfhrm,p`niehs `g lhedr`
usmlnh ulm n` gm oiunmnieprieiehs
omn`lm chremt`mnm, y gm nir`ooiÿl n`e`lsmk`
lu`strh ohrr`h
cilmg.
"¡@sp`rm! ¸Oÿeh phn`ehs ieprieir mgah qu` mûl lh f`ehs r`oidinh h
ohlhoinh8"
E`loihlé qu` Zytfhl trmdmkm gål`m phr gål`m. @g prharmem ohe`lzmrí ohl ul
smgunh oheh s` eu`strm `l gm smginm. Gu`ah, s` ehv`rí m gm siaui`lt` gål`m y s`
nmrí ou`ltm n` qu` n`d` `sp`rmr m qu` `g usumrih iltrhnuzom mgah y pugs` `lt`r.
Zhr `sh, `g vmghr n` `ltrmnm fm sinh r`smgtmnh phr cu`lt`s `l l`aritm y oursivm
mquå. @g prharmem `lthlo`s s` eu`v` m gm siaui`lt` gål`m y `sp`rm ulm v`z eís m
qu` `g usumrih
n` `ltrmnm cilmgphlam mgah y pr`sihl`
s`m hrn`lmnh. Mfhrm `lt`r, y `sth ohltilûm
`g prharmem ti`l` ghs fmstm qu`mgemo`lmnhs,
vmghr`s `g ohemlnh
 

ile`nimtme`lt` r`ou`rnm `sths vmghr`s y ghs ieprie` pmrm qu` `g `sp`otmnhr ghs
v`m mg cilmg.
@g r`sugtmnh cu` dmstmlt` marmnmdg` ym qu` nih ul e`lsmk` p`rshlmgizmnh mg
usumrih y r`oidiehs gm ilchremoiÿl qu` l`o`sitmehs. ¡^hnh `g eulnh s` vm c`giz!
Mgemo`lmr gm ilchremoiÿl nir`otme`lt` n`g usumrih `s `s`loimg y m v`o`s
l`o`smrih. Iemailm ul ku`ah dmsmnh `l Zytfhl. @g ku`ah `s dmstmlt` siepg`, `l `g
qu` ulm p`ghtm smgtm oumlnh thoms gm pmltmggm. @g prhdg`em `s qu` tu pmltmggm lh
r`sphln` mg thqu` `l mdshguth phr mgaulm rmzÿl. Ei`ltrms `sh suo`n`, `g
prharmem emlt`lnrí gm p`ghtm `l culoihlmei`lth fmstm qu` s` n`t`ot` ulm
`ltrmnm h siepg`e`lt` lh culoihlmrí `l mdshguth.
^mediél utigizmehs culoihl`s n` `ltrmnm pmrm r`ulir ilchremoiÿl oheh `g IN n`
moo`sh y gms ohltrms`ýms pmrm fmo`rgms ohiloinir ohl gm dms` n` nmths, p`rh `s` `s
ul pulth qu` nisoutir`ehs eís mn`gmlt` oumlnh fmdg`ehs n` gms n`ogmrmoihl`s.
@s ul phoh eís ohepgiomnh n` gh qu` pmr`o` `l `st` ehe`lth, p`rh ulm v`z qu`
`lti`lnm oÿeh usmr gms n`ogmrmoihl`s, `stmrí ul pmsh eís o`rom qu` lulom n`
ohlv`rtirs` `l ul prharmemnhr.
 
 

Ompåtugh >. Iltrhnuooiÿl m gms

n`ogmrmoihl`s y ghs ghhps
¡E` austmråm ohlc`smr mgah! ¡@l r`mginmn p`rnå gm ou`ltm n` ghs prharmems qu`
fms or`mnh ohl éxith fmstm mfhrm! ¡Drmvh!
Lulom supist` qu` gh t`låms fmstm qu` n`oinist` oha`r `st` gidrh ` ilt`ltmrgh,
¸v`rnmn8 Mså `s `xmotme`lt` oheh gm emyhråm n` lhshtrhs ghs prharmemnhr`s
mpr`lniehs. Lh lmoiehs oheh ulm vmrimdg` pr`n`cilinm qu` ym smdåm si `rm ul
ila`li`rh, ul oi`ltåcioh n` ohf`t`s, ul prharmemnhr h ul eénioh. @stídmehs `l
dgmloh2 gm chrem `l qu` tmggmehs lu`strh omeilh cu`rhl lu`strms `g`ooihl`s
ilnivinumg`s.
Zytfhl hcr`o` tmltm cg`xidiginmn y cmoiginmn n` ohepr`lsiÿl qu` n`km phoh
`spmoih pmrm ou`stihlmr phr qué `st` g`laumk` s` `stí vhgvi`lnh tml phpugmr. Ym
fm or`mnh ulm chrem, ulm eml`rm n` or`mr ul smgunh p`rshlmgizmnh, y fm
mpr`lninh m themr `ltrmnms, nir`otme`lt` n` ghs usumrihs, y mgemo`lmrgms `l sus
"ohlt`l`nhr`s" `sp`oåciohs y `sh lh `s ulm fmzmým hrnilmrim pmrm mgaui`l qu` lh
t`låm li in`m n` prharmemr fmo` ul ti`eph.
Mfhrm, gms ohsms s` phlnríl ilt`r`smlt`s. Mquå `s nhln` ohei`lzm gm pmrt` n`g
oursh n` ofhqu`, nhln` lhs v`r`ehs hdgiamnhs m usmr gm omd`zm y p`lsmr gms
shguoihl`s. Mquå `s nhln` thnh lu`strh ohlhoiei`lth pr`vih s`rí pu`sth m
pru`dm. _i fml `stmnh prmotiomlnh ghs `k`roioihs y siaui`lnh ghs ohls`khs y
`xpgiomoihl`s, `sp`r`l niscrutmr n` su ti`eph m pmrtir n` `st` ehe`lth.
N`ogmrmoihl`s; ¸]ué shl8
Mlt`s n` `ep`zmr m `xpgiomr gh qu` `s ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl, nékme` fmo`rt` ulm
siepg` pr`aultm. ¸Ouílnh cu` gm ûgtiem v`z qu` tuvist` qu` `g`air `ltr` nhs
ohsms, n`p`lni`lnh n` ghs `g`e`lths oheh gh qu` pr`ci`r`s, gh qu` pu`n`s
p`reitirt`, gh qu` `stí o`rom y gh qu` lh8 _i`epr` qu` themehs n`oisihl`s,
t`l`ehs `l ou`ltm dmstmlt`s ohephl`lt`s y `g`e`lths qu` `v`ltumge`lt`
ilcguiríl `l lu`strm n`oisiÿl `l ohls`ou`loim. N`g eiseh ehnh, pmrm myunmrlhs
`l `stms ou`stihl`s, utigizmehs n`ogmrmoihl`s, y `sh `s `xmotme`lt` gh qu` vmehs
m ilv`stiamr.
@l gm n`cilioiÿl eís siepg`, mcirem lmnm eís qu` ilstruooihl`s qu` `g iltérpr`t`
n` Zytfhl `lti`ln` y `k`outm. Lhshtrhs eisehs f`ehs `stmnh `soridi`lnh
mgaulms oumlnh `stmdg`o`ehs vmghr`s m gms vmrimdg`s.
 

Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s `l gms qu` msialmehs vmghr`s m gms vmrimdg`s s` ggmeml

n`ogmrmoihl`s n` msialmoiÿl. _il `edmrah, ei`ltrms s` nisoutm shdr` Zytfhl,
a`l`rmge`lt` gms n`ogmrmoihl`s s` r`ci`r`l m n`ogmrmoihl`s "ic".
Gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic" `s gh qu` g` nm m Zytfhl ulm situmoiÿl y g` p`reit` themr
gms e`ninms mprhpimnms "ic" ulm situmoiÿl nmnm `s v`rnmn`rm. N` gh ohltrmrih,
them htrm rutm. _u`lm cíoig, y n` f`ofh tmediél `s ilt`r`smlt`. S`mehs oÿeh
phn`ehs or`mr lu`strm prie`rm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic".
@stm `s gm situmoiÿl. Pl usumrih n`s`m ilioimr s`siÿl usmlnh su ou`ltm. @g
e`lsmk` pin` sÿgh gm ogmv` n` moo`sh. _i `g usumrih iltrhnuo` gm ohltrms`ým
ohrr`otm, nistilaui`lnh `ltr` emyûsougms y eilûsougms, s` g` n`d`råm p`reitir `g
moo`sh. _i `g usumrih iltrhnuo` gm ohltrms`ým ilohrr`otm, lh n`d`råm pmsmr `
ilchremr mg usumrih n` qu` gm ohltrms`ým iltrhnuoinm `s ilohrr`otm.
Zmrm `ggh, prie`rh t`l`ehs qu` `stmdg`o`r ulm ohltrms`ým. Zu`n`s or`mr ulm
pr`n`cilinm h p`nirg` mg usumrih qu` or`` ulm lu`vm ohltrms`ým y gu`ah vhgv`r m
iltrhnuoirgm. ^` n`kh gm `g`ooiÿl m ti.
pmsswhrn 5 ilput("Or`mr ulm ohltrms`ým; ")
prilt("Di`lv`linh mg phrtmg")
 
Fmstm mfhrm, sÿgh f` p`ninh mg usumrih qu` iltrhnuzom ulm ohltrms`ým n` su
`g`ooiÿl. _i gh n`s`m, pu`n` `stmdg`o`r oumgqui`r omn`lm h lûe`rh oheh
ohltrms`ým. M ohltilumoiÿl, f` or`mnh ul p`qu`ýh smgunh n` di`lv`linm. Mfhrm,
g` p`nir`ehs mg usumrih qu` iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým;
pmsswhrnXof`ob 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým; ")
 
Gh ûlioh qu` vmg` gm p`lm s`ýmgmr mquå `s qu` omedié `g lhedr` n` gm vmrimdg`.
_i s` pr`aultml phr qué, `s phrqu` si fudi`rm usmnh `g eiseh lhedr` n` gm
vmrimdg`, fmdråm motumgizmnh gm ohltrms`ým, `l guamr n` ohepmrmrgm. Oheh
qu`r`ehs v`riciomr gm ohltrms`ým, t`lnr`ehs qu` usmr ulm vmrimdg` nic`r`lt`.
Mfhrm, `g ogi`lt` lhs fm nmnh nhs nmths. Mquå, g` n`oiehs m Zytfhl qué fmo`r si
gm ohltrms`ým ohiloin`.
ic pmsswhrnXof`ob 55 pmsswhrn;
  prilt("¡@xithsh! ¡Di`lv`linh n` lu`vh!")
 
Fmy nhs ohsms qu` fmy qu` t`l`r `l ou`ltm mquå. Omnm v`z qu` `soridms "ic"
 

oheh prie`rm pmgmdrm, ZyOfmre n`t`otmrí qu` n`s`ms or`mr ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic".
@g ohghr n` "ic" omedimrí pmrm n`lhtmr gh eiseh. N`spués n` "ic", l`o`sitmehs
n`cilir lu`strm ohlnioiÿl. Zmrm `ggh, fmdrís hds`rvmnh qu` f` usmnh "55" `l
guamr n` ul shgh sialh iaumg. @sths sialhs s` ggmeml Hp`rmnhr`s, qu`
nisoutir`ehs eís mn`gmlt`. ^hnh gh qu` l`o`sitms smd`r mquå `s `sth;
"5" s` utigizm pmrm msialmr ul vmghr
 
"55" s` utigizm pmrm iaumgmr nhs vmrimdg`s h ohepmrmr pmrm v`r si gms nhs shl
`xmotme`lt` iaumg`s.
@l `g omsh mlt`rihr, utigizmr`ehs `st` hp`rmnhr n` ohepmrmoiÿl. Mquå `stí gm
pmrt` eís ilt`r`smlt`2 m nic`r`loim n` thnhs ghs oÿniahs qu` f`ehs `sorith fmstm
mfhrm, `stm gål`m t`reilm ohl nhs pulths ';'.
Omnm n`ogmrmoiÿl ohlnioihlmg, oheh gm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic" t`reilm ohl ul pulth `l
Zytfhl pmrm or`mr ul dghqu` n` oÿniah qu` s` `k`outmrí dmkh `s` pulth. Gm
siaui`lt` gål`m ohe`lzmrí ohl ulm iln`ltmoiÿl. Lh `gieil`s `sm smlaråm ym qu`
`sh omusmråm ohlcusiÿl. Oheh ym fmdåm `stmdg`oinh gm ohlnioiÿl qu` git`rmge`lt`
s` g`` oheh, "Ic pmsswhrnXof`ob `s `xmotme`lt` gh eiseh qu` pmsswhrn" y
mfhrm f` mýmninh `g ohemlnh qu` n`d` gg`vmr m omdh si s` ouepg` gm ohlnioiÿl.
Oumlnh `k`out` `st` prharmem, ohe`lzmrí ohl `g mvish qu` g` p`nirí qu` `gikm
ulm ohltrms`ým. ]u` s` mgemo`lmrí oheh ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm pmsswhrn. Gu`ah,
`g prhept lhs p`nirí qu` `soridmehs gm ohltrms`ým ulm v`z eís pmrm v`riciomrgm h
pmrm `g moo`sh. ^hnh gh qu` `soridmehs mquå s` mgemo`lmrí `l ulm vmrimdg`
ggmemnm pmsswhrnXof`ob. Mfhrm, Zytfhl ohepmrmrí ghs nhs vmghr`s y v`rí si ghs
nhs shl `xmotme`lt` iaumg`s. _i `s mså, ieprieirí ul e`lsmk` n` éxith.
@sthy dmstmlt` s`aurh n` qu` fms ilt`ltmnh iltrhnuoir n`gid`rmnme`lt` gm
ohltrms`ým `quivhomnm. ^`reilÿ `g prharmem phr ohepg`th sil lilaulm
mnv`rt`loim, ¸v`rnmn8 Fmy ulm rmzÿl pmrm `ggh. _ÿgh f`ehs n`cilinh gm ohlnioiÿl
"ic". Lulom gg`amehs m gm pmrt` n` n`cilir gm ohlnioiÿl "`gs`".
Gm ohlnioiÿl "`gs`" `s gm ohlnioiÿl cilmg, y lhremge`lt` `ltrm `l ku`ah oumlnh
gm ohlnioiÿl "ic" u htrms lh shl v`rnmn`rms y lh s` ouepg`l. Zmrm `ggh,
mýmnir`ehs nhs gål`ms n` oÿniah n`dmkh n` gm prie`rm. Mfhrm, thnh `g prharmem
n`d`råm v`rs` mså;
pmsswhrn 5 ilput("Or`mr ulm ohltrms`ým; ")
prilt("Di`lv`linh mg phrtmg")

 
 

pmsswhrnXof`ob 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým; ")

 
ic pmsswhrnXof`ob 55 ohltrms`ým;
  prilt("¡@xithsh! ¡Di`lv`linh n` lu`vh!")

`gs`;
  prilt("Gh si`lth meiah! @sh `s ul Lmy!")
 
Cåkmt` oheh gm n`ogmrmoihl "`gs`" lh l`o`sitm smlaråm mquå, y tmephoh r`qui`r`
qu` prhphroihl`s ohlnioihl`s mnioihlmg`s.
Mfhrm, `k`outmré `g oÿniah nhs v`o`s. Plm v`z ohrr`oth y gm htrm ilohrr`oth.
S`mehs oÿeh culoihlm;
Ohltrms`ým ohrr`otm
Or`mr ulm ohltrms`ým; =4?
Di`lv`linh mg phrtmg
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým; =4?
¡@xithsh! ¡Di`lv`linh n` lu`vh!
 
Ohltrms`ým ilohrr`otm
Or`mr ulm ohltrms`ým; =4?
Di`lv`linh mg phrtmg
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým; =44
¡Gh si`lth, meiah! ¡@sh `s ul Lmy!
 
Mquå fmy ulm pr`aultm, ¸qué pmsm si fmy eís n` ulm ohlnioiÿl pmrm ulm
n`ogmrmoiÿl8 _uphlamehs qu` fmy qu` `g`air ul lûe`rh `ltr` ulh y tr`s y gu`ah
nmr ul e`lsmk` mprhpimnh, n`p`lni`lnh n`g lûe`rh qu` `g usumrih `gikm, ¸oÿeh
gh fmråmehs8
prilt("Di`lv`linh m ei p`qu`ýh ku`ah")
lued`r 5 ilt(ilput("@gia` ul lûe`rh `ltr` =-?; "))
ic lued`r 55 =;
  prilt("^` `lomltm ohlsin`rmrt` ul gån`r, ¸v`rnmn8")
 

lued`r `gic 55 4;
  prilt("Hnims `stmr shgh, ¸v`rnmn8")
lued`r `gic 55 ?;
  prilt("Oumlth eís, e`khr, ¸lh8")

`gs`;
  prilt("¸@l s`rih8 Lh pu`n`s s`auir ilstruooihl`s siepg`s, ¸v`rnmn8")
@s ulm chrem dmstmlt` cmeigimr n` n`oir gms ohsms, p`rh gh ûlioh qu` fmy qu`
t`l`r `l ou`ltm mquå `s gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "`gic". @g "`gic" s` `lou`ltrm `ltr` "ic" y
"`gs`", nhln` "ic" `s gm prie`rm ohlnioiÿl y "`gs`" `s oumlnh lh s` ouepg`l gms
ohlnioihl`s.
_å, gh sé. N`d`råm fmd`r sinh ggmemnh "ic`g" p`rh n` lu`vh, ¡`s gh qu` `s!
Zruédmgh tû eiseh, ohepru`dm omnm ulh n` `sths ohl vmrihs lûe`rhs s`aûl tus
`g`ooihl`s. Zmrm ul phoh n` niv`rsiÿl, usm oumgqui`r lûe`rh emyhr qu` tr`s y
eirm gh qu` pmsm.
Mså `s oheh Zytfhl eml`km gms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s. _i `r`s ul phoh
ame`r, pu`n` qu` fmyms visth vmrihs ku`ahs `l ghs qu` gms n`oisihl`s pu`n`l
ilcguir `l `g r`sugtmnh n`g prhpih ku`ah. ¡Mfhrm ym smd`s quiél `s `g ougpmdg`!
Lh fmy gåeit` pmrm `g lûe`rh n` n`ogmrmoihl`s "`gic". Zu`n`s or`mr tmltms oheh
qui`rms. Niofh `sth, fmamehs `sth ul phoh eís ilt`r`smlt`.
N`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s mlinmnms ("ic")
_uphlamehs qu` usmehs ghs eisehs lûe`rhs qu` mrridm, p`rh `stm v`z,
qu`r`ehs mýmnir ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic" n`ltrh n` ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic".
Iemail`ehs qu` qu`r`ehs qu` lu`strh usumrih s`g`ooihl` htrh vmghr lueérioh,
`stm v`z `l lûe`rhs n`oiemg`s, sÿgh si `g usumrih n`oin` `g`air `g prie`r vmghr
oheh lûe`rh.
@ofm ul vistmzh mg oÿniah n` mdmkh ` ilt`ltm mv`riaumr oÿeh s` `k`outmrí `g
oÿniah.
 
prilt("Di`lv`linh m ei p`qu`ýh ku`ah")
lued`r 5 ilt(ilput("@gia` ul lûe`rh `ltr` =-?; "))
 
ic lued`r 55 =;
  prilt("^` `lomltm ohlsin`rmrt` ul gån`r, ¸v`rnmn8")
 

  lued`r4 5 cghmt(ilput("Iltrhnuoir ul lûe`rh ohl ulm oicrm n`oiemg `ltr` =

y 4; " ))
  ic lued`r4 55 4.::;
  prilt("¡@stí di`l! ¡]uis` n`oir ul phoh e`lhs qu` `sh!")

   lued`r `gic 7vmehs!

prilt("¡Hf, =.0:; ¡Zu`n`s ir eís mgth!")
  `gs`;
  prilt("_md`s qué, hgvånmgh!")
 
lued`r `gic 55 4;
  prilt("Hnims `stmr shgh, ¸v`rnmn8")
lued`r `gic 55 ?;
  ieprieir ("Oumlth eís, e`khr, ¸lh8")
`gs`;
  prilt("¸@l s`rih8 Lh pu`n`s s`auir ilstruooihl`s siepg`s, ¸v`rnmn8")
 
Or`mehs htrm vmrimdg` n`ltrh n` gm prie`rm ohlnioiÿl. _i `g usumrih n`oin`
ohlchremrs` ohl ulm, `g mvish g` p`nirí qu` iltrhnuzom htrh lûe`rh. Psmehs gm
ohlv`rsiÿl mquå pmrm ohlv`rtir `g lûe`rh `ltrmlt` `l ul n`oiemg, ym qu` t`lnrí
ulm oicrm n`oiemg.
Gu`ah or`mehs htrm ohlnioiÿl qu` n`cil` `g gåeit` sup`rihr y `g gåeit` ilc`rihr.
Zmrm mýmnirg` ul phoh n` niv`rsiÿl, lh fmy ul lûe`rh ohrr`oth pmrm `g`air mquå.
Iln`p`lni`lt`e`lt` n` gh qu` `g usumrih pu`nm `g`air, r`oidirí ul e`lsmk` qu` g`
ilniomrí qu` s` fm pmsmnh ul phoh n` gm rmym, h ulh qu` g` mliemrí m ir eís mgth.
@g r`sth si`epr` n`kmrí mg usumrih `l ul `stmnh ul phoh n`sohlo`rtmnh.
@st` tiph n` n`ogmrmoiÿl ohlnioihlmg n`ltrh n` ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl ohlnioihlmg s`
n`lheilm n`ogmrmoiÿl mlinmnm. @st` dghqu` ohepg`th n` oÿniah pu`n` s`r
`vitmnh si `g usumrih n`oin` ir phr oumgqui`r htrh lûe`rh qu` lh s`m `g pulth n`
motivmoiÿl.
@sths pu`n`l s`r m v`o`s euy ûtig`s. Zu`n` qu` ym fmyms `stmnh usílnhgms `l
Cmo`dhhb, L`tcgix y htrms pgmtmchrems iephrtmlt`s. @sths `stíl nis`ýmnhs pmrm
r`cilmr mûl eís ghs r`sugtmnhs.
Ei`ltrms fmoåmehs thnh `sth, fmdåm mgah qu` `sp`rmdm qu` e` pr`aultmrms.
 

"¸Zhr qué t`l`ehs qu` phl`r ul vmghr y r`ilioimr `g prharmem omnm v`z pmrm
prhdmr htrh vmghr8"
^i`l` s`ltinh. _`rí euy ehg`sth si tu prharmem s` r`ilioim n`sn` `g priloipih
omnm v`z qu` mgomlo` mgaûl r`sugtmnh, ym s`m phsitivh h lh. _`råm oheh `l ghs
vi`khs ti`ephs, `l ghs qu` ghs ku`ahs n` Lilt`lnh `rml niv`rtinhs, fmstm qu` s` t`
momdmdml gms vinms y gm pmltmggm n`oåm "Ame` hv`r" y s` r`ilioimdm n`sn` `g
priloipih. Cu`rhl nåms crustrmlt`s, ¸lh8
Zmrm mdhrnmr tmg ou`stiÿl, utigizmehs gh qu` s` ggmem 'Ghhps' y `sths shl tml
iephrtmlt`s oheh gms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s qu` viehs mlt`rihre`lt`.
Ghhps - @g oiogh sil cil
Iemailm qu` `stís or`mlnh ul prharmem qu` pin` mg usumrih qu` mnivil` ul
lûe`rh. Gh in`mg s`råm qu` `g oÿniah s` `k`outmrm tr`s v`o`s mlt`s n` qu` `g
usumrih supi`rm qu` ohlsueiÿ sus tr`s hphrtulinmn`s y cmggÿ. N`g eiseh ehnh,
`g prharmem n`d`råm s`r gh sucioi`lt`e`lt` ilt`gia`lt` pmrm smd`r si `g usumrih
mnivilÿ `g lûe`rh ohrr`oth, `l ouyh omsh, t`reilmråm gm `k`ouoiÿl n`g prharmem
ehstrmlnh "¡Mnivilÿ `g lûe`rh ohrr`otme`lt`!"
Ptigizmehs duog`s pmrm mdhrnmr tmg`s situmoihl`s. Ghs duog`s shl oumlnh ul
dghqu` `lt`rh n` oÿniah ohltilûm ohrri`lnh ulm y htrm v`z, fmstm qu` gm
ohlnioiÿl `stmdg`oinm ym lh `s víginm. _i hgvinms `stmdg`o`r ulm ohlnioiÿl, h si
ulm ohlnioiÿl lh `stí n`cilinm ohrr`otme`lt`, pu`n` ilioimr ul duog`
ilt`reilmdg` qu` lulom o`smrí, fmoi`lnh qu` `g prharmem s` dghqu`` phr
ohepg`th.
Lh t` pr`houp`s, tu sist`em lh s` dghqu`mrí. Zu`n`s t`reilmr `g prharmem
usmlnh `g dhtÿl rhkh/rhsm n` pmrmr qu` si`epr` mpmr`o` phr mrt` n` emaim
n`spués n` pugsmr `g dhtÿl v`rn` n` `k`ouoiÿl.
Fmy `s`loimge`lt` nhs tiphs n` duog`s qu` usmehs `l Zytfhl. @g prie`rh `s `g
duog` "wfig`", y `g s`aulnh `s `g duog` "chr".
@g duog` 'Qfig`'.
@st` tiph n` duog` `k`outm ul dghqu` `sp`oåcioh n` oÿniah ei`ltrms gm ohlnioiÿl
nmnm p`reml`zom v`rnmn`rm. Plm v`z qu` gm ohlnioiÿl nmnm ym lh `s víginm, h s`
ohlvi`rt` `l cmgsm, `g dghqu` n` oÿniah t`reilmrí n` ile`nimth.
@stm `s ulm omrmot`råstiom dmstmlt` ûtig, ym qu` pu`n` fmd`r oÿniahs `l ghs qu` s`
pu`n` ohlcimr pmrm prho`smr gm ilchremoiÿl rípinme`lt`. Zmrm nmrt` ulm in`m,
suphlamehs qu` ti`l`s qu` mnivilmr ul lûe`rh. ^i`l`s tr`s ilt`lths. ]ui`r`s
qu` `g prhept
mnivil` pinm`quivhomnh,
`g lûe`rh mg usumrih qu` mnivil`
r`nuoirí `g lûe`rh.
`g lûe`rh Plmn`v`z
eíxieh qu` `gn`usumrih
ilt`lths tr`s m
 

nhs, ilchremrí mg usumrih qu` `g lûe`rh `s ilohrr`oth y gu`ah g` p`nirí qu`

mnivil` htrm v`z. @sth ohltilumrí fmstm qu` `g usumrih mnivil` `g lûe`rh ohrr`oth
h s` utigio` `g lûe`rh `stmdg`oinh n` mnivilmlzms y `g usumrih lh ghar` in`lticiomr
`g lûe`rh.
Iemailm ouíltms v`o`s t`lnråms qu` `soridir `g oÿniah ulm y htrm v`z. Mfhrm,
armoims m Zytfhl, sÿgh gh `soridiehs ulm v`z dmkh `g duog` 'wfig`' y `g r`sth s`
fmo` phr lhshtrhs.
Mså `s oheh s` v` gm siltmxis n`g duog` "wfig`";
wfig` ohlnitihl;
oÿniah
  oÿniah
  …
 
Ohei`lzm `soridi`lnh gm pmgmdrm "wfig`" s`auinm n` gm ohlnioiÿl. Gu`ah
mýmniehs nhs pulths, oheh fioiehs ohl gm crms` "ic". @sth sialiciom qu`, gh qu`
s`m qu` siam n`spués, s` smlarmrí pmrm ehstrmr qu` gh eiseh `stí culoihlmlnh
n`dmkh n`g duog` h gm n`ogmrmoiÿl.
Smehs m or`mr ul siepg` `k`epgh n` `sth. @ep`zmehs phr or`mr ulm vmrimdg`.
Néehsg` m `stm vmrimdg` ul lhedr` y ul vmghr oheh `st`;
x5:
 
Lh fmy lmnm niv`rtinh mquå, mså qu` vmehs m mýmnir mgah pmrm fmo`rgh eís
`ehoihlmlt`. Mfhrm, or`mr`ehs ulm ohlnioiÿl pmrm ul duog` n` ti`eph. Gm
ohlnioiÿl `stmdg`o`råm qu` ei`ltrms x s`m iaumg h e`lhr qu` =:, `g mvish
ohltilumrí iepriei`lnh `g vmghr n` x. Mså `s oheh gh fmråms;
x5:
wfig` x 75 =:;
  prilt(x)
 
¡Mfhrm trmtm n` ohrr`r `sh pmrm v`r qué pmsm!
_u ohlshgm `stí mfhrm dhedmrn`mnm ohl ul ilt`reilmdg` duog` n` o`rhs. ¸Zhr
qué fm pmsmnh `sh8 _i eirms gh sucioi`lt`e`lt` o`rom n`g oÿniah, sÿgh msialmehs
ul vmghr m lu`strm vmrimdg`. Lh fmy lilaûl oÿniah pmrm omedimr `g vmghr h
 

mue`ltmrgh `l ulh h nhs, h lmnm n` `sh.

Zmrm phn`r or`mr ulm vmrimdg` qu` ohltilû` omedimlnh n`spués n` qu` fmym
iepr`sh `g vmghr ilioimg, l`o`sitmehs mýmnir ulm gål`m eís mg oÿniah. Ggíemgh
oheh `g oÿniah n` ilor`e`lth, nhln` x mue`ltmrí `l ulh n`spués n` ieprieir
ul vmghr. @g duog` s` r`ilioimrí `lthlo`s, `stm v`z ohl ul vmghr eís mgth, ieprie`
`sh y gu`ah mar`am ulm eís. @g duog` ohltilumrí fmstm qu` x s`m iaumg m =:. @l `g
ehe`lth `l qu` mgomlo` `g vmghr n` ==, `g iltérpr`t` smdrí qu` gm ohlnioiÿl ym
lh `s v`rnmn`rm h víginm, y phr gh tmlth smgnr`ehs n`g duog`.
x5:
wfig` x 75 =:;
  prilt(x)
  x5x+=
 
Gm ûgtiem gål`m `k`outmrí y r`ohrnmrí `g vmghr motumg n` x, y gu`ah mýmnirí ulh mg
vmghr. @g r`sugtmnh s` v`råm mså.
=
4
?
>
0
3
1

6
9
=:
_i lh t` austml gms ohsms qu` s` mýmn`l mså, mýmn` ulm p`qu`ým n`ogmrmoiÿl
iepr`sm qu` niam "@g cil" y `sh n`d`råm s`rvir.
¡Omsi gh hgvinh! _i ti`l`s ilt`loiÿl n` mýmnir ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm mg cilmg,
ms`aûrmt` n` pugsmr gm t`ogm n` r`trho`sh pmrm dhrrmr gm smlaråm prie`rh.
Smehs m fmo`r gms ohsms ul phoh eís niv`rtinms mfhrm, y pmrm `ggh, vmehs m or`mr
lu`strh prie`r ku`ah dísioh.
Nékme` piltmr `g `so`lmrih prie`rh. _i qui`r`s, them ul dhgåarmch y ul pmp`g, h
siepg`e`lt` mdr` `g dgho n` lhtms n` tu oheputmnhrm. Ilt`ltm `soridir gh qu`
 

or``s qu` `s gm phsidg` shguoiÿl pmrm `sth.

@g ku`ah ti`l` ul lûe`rh s`or`th qu` `g usumrih cilmg lh pu`n` v`r. _uphlamehs
qu` `g lûe`rh `stí cikmnh `l =9. Z`reitir`ehs qu` `g usumrih t`lam tr`s ilt`lths
pmrm mnivilmr `g lûe`rh ohrr`otme`lt`. @g ku`ah s` ohepg`tm n` vmrims eml`rms
phsidg`s;
@g usumrih mnivilm `g lûe`rh ohrr`otme`lt` mlt`s n` qu` s` g` momd`l gms vinms.
@g usumrih s` qu`nm sil gms tr`s hphrtulinmn`s y lh pu`n` mnivilmr `g lûe`rh.
@g usumrih mnivilm `g lûe`rh `l `g ûgtieh ilt`lth.
Psm tu iemailmoiÿl y pi`lsm ouíg pu`n` s`r `g oÿniah phsidg`. Plm v`z gisth,
prho`nmehs m gm ohniciomoiÿl r`mg n` `st` ku`ah y v`mehs oÿeh culoihlm `sth.
Zistm; ¡Ptigizm tmlth ul duog` n` "wfig`" oheh ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic"!
Di`l f`ofh pmrm ghs qu` gh ilt`ltmrhl. Lh fmy qu` mv`rahlzmrs` n` lh
ohls`auirgh. ¡Yh eiseh lh fio` gh eiseh fmstm qu` vi gm shguoiÿl y
príotiome`lt` e` pmt`é m eå eiseh!
eyXlued`r 5 =9
au`ss 5 :
emxXau`ss 5 ?
wfig` au`ss 7 emxXau`ss;
  lued`r 5 ilt(ilput("Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; "))
  au`ss +5 =
  ic lued`r 55 eyXlued`r;
  prilt("¡Qhw! ¡Eårmt`, a`lih!")
  dr`mb
  `gs`;
  prilt("¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!")
 
`gs`;
  prilt("_` t` momdmrhl gms hphrtulinmn`s")
 
"¡@sp`rm! ¸Zhr qué usmst` ul '`gs`' ohl `g duog` 'wfig`'8 ¡Lh smdåm si phnåms fmo`r

`sh!"
¡Mfhrm gh smd`s! @g "`gs`" lh s` gieitm m gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` "ic", tmediél
 

pu`n`s usmrgh ohl "wfig`".

Mså `s oheh s` v` `g r`sugtmnh cilmg;
^hnms gms suphsioihl`s ilohrr`otms
 
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; =
¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; 4
¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; ?
¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!
^` qu`nmst` sil phsidiginmn`s
 

_uphsioiÿl ohrr`otm
 
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; =1
¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; =6
¡Lh! ¡Li `l ul eiggÿl n` mýhs! ¡Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh!
Mnivilm `g lûe`rh; =9
¡Smym! ¡Eårmt`, a`lih!
 
¸T`ou`rnms gms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s mlinmnms8 @sth `s `xmotme`lt` `sh.
@g prharmem ohei`lzm phr `lt`ln`r prie`rh oi`rtms vmrimdg`s. Eirm oÿeh gms f`
lhedrmnh pmrm qu` s`m ul phoh eís cíoig n` g``r.
G` niehs m "au`ss" ul vmghr n` o`rh pmrm `ep`zmr. @sh `s `xmotme`lt` gh qu`
fmy qu` fmo`r, ym qu` `g prie`r ilt`lth mûl lh fm sinh r`aistrmnh phr `g sist`em.
_i`epr` `epi`zm tmg`s suphsioihl`s/ilt`lths n`sn` o`rh y gu`ah mýmn`
ilor`e`lths. Gu`ah s`auiehs cikmlnh ul gåeit` sup`rihr. Zhnråmehs fmd`r
 

`sorith gh eiseh n` `stm eml`rm;

wfig` au`ss 75 ?;
 
@g prhdg`em ohl `sth fmdråm sinh qu` `g nåaith "?" sÿgh `rm r`ohlhoidg` phr
lhshtrhs.
tmlth, gh Zmrm oumgqui`r htrh
r``epgmzmehs phrprharmemnhr,
ulm vmrimdg``sthpmrm
lh t`lnråm lilaûl s`ltinh.
qu` git`rmge`lt` Zhr gm
e`khr` gh
g`aidiginmn. Mfhrm, s` g`` mså;
"Ei`ltrms qu` gm suphsioiÿl `s e`lhr h iaumg m tr`s;"
Mså `s oheh si`epr` n`d`s mpultmr tus oÿniahs. N`d`råml s`r g`aidg`s y cíoig`s
n` `lt`ln`r pmrm thnhs.
"75" `s htrh hp`rmnhr. Mquå, ghs vmghr`s shl e`lhr`s h iaumg`s m gh qu` s`m `g
vmghr n` gm vmrimdg` `l `g htrh gmnh.
@ep`zmehs pini`lnh mg usumrih qu` mnivil`, y `sh `s gh qu` l`o`sitmehs oheh
`ltrmnm. _il `edmrah, oheh s`rí ul lûe`rh `lt`rh, tmediél ohlv`rtiehs `g
eiseh `l ul lûe`rh `lt`rh. N`spués n` qu` `g usumrih mnivilÿ `g lûe`rh, ym
s`m ohrr`oth h ilohrr`oth, l`o`sitmehs ile`nimtme`lt` qu` `g prharmem mar`au`
ul vmghr n` '=' mg lûe`rh n` mnivilmlzms. Mquå `s nhln` usmehs ul ilor`e`lth.
Z`rh, m nic`r`loim n` gh qu` fioiehs mlt`s, omedié ul phoh y usé `g hp`rmnhr
'+5'. Dísiome`lt` sialiciom ilor`e`ltmr `g vmghr `l oumgqui`r nåaith qu` `gikms
`soridir `l `g htrh gmnh. _i t` si`lt`s eís oÿehnh usmlnh `g eéthnh mlt`rihr,
tmediél culoihlmråm p`rc`otme`lt`.
Mfhrm, mquå `stí `g airh. Psmehs ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic" pmrm qu` `g prharmem
s`pm qu` si `g usumrih mnivilm `g lûe`rh `xmoth, n`d` ieprieir ul e`lsmk`
mprhpimnh pmrm gm homsiÿl. N` gh ohltrmrih, gm ohlnioiÿl '`gs`' t`lnrí guamr,
si`epr` y oumlnh lh s`m gm t`ro`rm y ûgtiem suphsioiÿl.
_i gm suphsioiÿl cilmg `s `rrÿl`m, gm ou`ltm mue`ltmrí phr `g lûe`rh n`
suphsioihl`s y gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "wfig`" ym lh s`rí v`rnmn`rm, `l ouyh omsh, gm
pmrt` n` "`gs`" `ltrmrí `l ku`ah y t`reilmrí `g ku`ah.
Gh qu` fmy qu` lhtmr mquå `s gm pmgmdrm "dr`mb" qu` usé n`ltrh n`g oÿniah.
Mn`gmlt`, v`mehs qué pmsm oumlnh quit`s `sth. _i mnivilmst` emg ghs lûe`rhs, `g
oÿniah culoihlmrí di`l. Y, si t`reilms iltrhnuoi`lnh `g vmghr ohrr`oth, `l guamr
n` t`reilmr `g ku`ah, s`auirí fmstm `g t`ro`r ilt`lth.
Zmrm `vitmr qu` `sh suo`nm, utigizmehs gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "dr`mb" pmrm qu` `g
prharmem s`pm qué fmo`r si s` ouepg` gm ohlnioiÿl mlt`rihr m gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n`
"dr`mb".
 

Mfhrm, lh qu`nm omsi lmnm shdr` `g duog` "wfig`", pms`ehs m ghs duog`s "chr".
Gia`rme`lt` nic`r`lt` m gh qu` s` phnråm `sp`rmr, p`rh ilt`r`smlt` sil `edmrah.
@g duog` 'Chr'.
@g duog` 'wfig`' `k`outm oumgqui`r dghqu` n` oÿniah qu` s` `soridm `l eûgtipg`s
homsihl`s, fmstm qu` gm ohlnioiÿl ym lh s` ouepgm h s`m ilvíginm. @g duog` 'chr'
`stí nis`ýmnh pmrm "it`rmr shdr` ghs `g`e`lths n` gms ohg`ooihl`s" y n`
ile`nimth, `sh `stí omusmlnh oi`rtm ohlcusiÿl.
Lh t` n`k`s iltieinmr phr pmgmdrms `xtrmvmamlt`s h g`laumk` téolioh, ulm v`z qu`
v`ms `g duog` `l mooiÿl, mutheítiome`lt` `ep`zmrí m t`l`r s`ltinh.
Zmrm nmrg` ul phoh n` s`ltinh, v`mehs `g `k`epgh siaui`lt`;
Chr ofmr il "Ghhps";
  prilt(ofmr)
 
Zmrm or`mr ul duog` "chr", ohe`lzmehs usmlnh gm pmgmdrm ogmv` mquå. Gm pmgmdrm
'ofmr' `s sÿgh ulm vmrimdg` qu` f`ehs or`mnh. Cåkmt` `l oÿeh lh n`ciliehs `stm
vmrimdg` mlt`s. _i`epr` qu` usmehs duog`s 'chr', or`mehs gh qu` s` ggmem
vmrimdg`s n` duog`. Éstms `xist`l sÿgh n`ltrh n`g prhpih duog`, pmrm gg`vmr m omdh
`g duog` y sus hp`rmoihl`s. Mquå, usé 'ofmr' pmrm r`pr`s`ltmr 'omrmot`r`s' ym qu`
Zytfhl lh in`lticiom gms g`trms oheh g`trms.
Gh qu` `sth sialiciom `s "pmrm omnm omríot`r n` gm pmgmdrm 'Duog`s'", ieprie` ghs
omrmot`r`s. _`aurme`lt`, si `k`outms `st` oÿniah, t`reilmrís ohl `sth;
G
h
h
p
s
 
@g sist`em it`rm shdr` omnm ulh n` ghs ohephl`lt`s y gu`ah ghs utigizm s`aûl gh
qu` nio` `g prharmem. Mquå, sÿgh g` p`niehs qu` iepriei`rm ghs omrmot`r`s.
@ep`zÿ ohl gm 'G' y gu`ah pmsÿ m gm 'h' y ohltiluÿ fmstm qu` lh qu`nmdml
omrmot`r`s.
Lh `s l`o`smrih qu` us`s ulm omn`lm, pu`n`s usmr gh qu` s` ggmeml gistms. _`
trmtm
n`ltrhn`n`ulm
ulmohg`ooiÿl
gistm. Gms n` vmghr`s,
gistms ym s`ml omn`lms
`stíl r`pr`s`ltmnms phr hullûe`rhs, mgemo`lmnhs
ohrof`t` 'RU' y pu`n`l
 

ohlt`l`r tmlths `g`e`lths oheh qui`rms.

Ilt`lt`ehs `sh y v`mehs qué pmsm;
chr ofmr il R"Yh", "Meh", "Zrharmemr"U;
  prilt(ofmr)
 
_mginm;
Yh
Meh
Zrharmemr
 
¸S`s oÿeh `sh nici`r`8 @sh `s phrqu` oumlnh usídmehs ulm shgm omn`lm, omnm
p`rshlmk` `rm ul hdk`th nic`r`lt`. Mquå, gm gistm ohlti`l` eûgtipg`s hdk`ths, `l
guamr n` ieprieirghs phr s`pmrmnh, ieprieåm gh qu` cu`rm `g vmghr n`ltrh n` omnm
ohephl`lt` n` gm gistm.
Mquå fmy ul `k`epgh eís, y `st` ti`l` ulm lu`vm culoiÿl pmrm qu` lhs
sue`rkmehs. _uphlamehs qu` n`s`ms ieprieir ghs lûe`rhs n`g = mg 4:. @l guamr
n` `soridir ghs lûe`rhs `lt`rhs, usmehs ulm culoiÿl ilohrphrmnm ggmemnm
rmla`();
chr lued`r il rmla`(4:);
  prilt(lued`r)
 
Mquå, pmsmehs `g `xtr`eh sup`rihr n`g rmlah oheh pmríe`trh. Mfhrm, Zytfhl
`k`outmrí
iemailml; `sth pmrm lhshtrhs y ghs r`sugtmnhs s`ríl `xmotme`lt` oheh s`
:
=
4
?
>
0
3
1
 

6
9
=:
==
=4
=?
=>
=0
=3
=1
=6
=9

 
¸S`s oÿeh ieprieiÿ ghs lûe`rhs m =9 y lh m 4:8 @sh `s phrqu` pmrm Zytfhl, gm
prie`rm phsioiÿl si`epr` s` ohlsin`rm oheh o`rh. _i t` n`spgmzms fmoim mrridm,
v`rís qu` `g ohlt`h ohe`lzÿ n`sn` o`rh. Zhr mfhrm, lh t` mtmsqu`s mfå mdmkh.
Nisoutir`ehs `sh oumlnh fmdg`ehs n` ghs lûe`rhs n` ålnio`.
_i n`s`m `stmdg`o`r ul pulth n` pmrtinm `sp`oåcioh, pu`n` fmo`rgh mýmni`lnh ul
vmghr, s`auinh n` ulm ohem, kusth mlt`s n`g 4:;
chr lued`r il rmla`(=:, 4:);
 
Mfhrm `g ohlt`h ohe`lzmrí n`sn` =: y t`reilmrí `l =9. _udmehs `sh ul phoh
eís. _uphlamehs qu` qui`rh ieprieir ghs lûe`rhs n`g =: mg 4:, y qui`rh qu` s`
iepriem `g 4:, p`rh lh qui`rh thnhs ghs lûe`rhs. ]ui`rh qu` `g prharmem
iepriem omnm 4 lûe`rhs, oheh =4, =>, =3 y mså suo`sivme`lt`. @l r`mginmn
pu`n`s fmo`rgh ym qu` `stm culoiÿl n` rmlah vi`l` ohl gh qu` s` n`lheilm ul
"st`p" pmrm `stm culoiÿl.
chr lued`r il rmla`(=:, 4=, 4);
  prilt(lued`r)
 
_mginm;
=:
 

=4
=>
=3
=6
4:
 
Mfhrm, `g prharmem s` `k`outm, ohei`lzm ohl `g prie`r lûe`rh y smd` qu`
l`o`sitm smgtmr nhs ` ieprieir `s` lûe`rh. @sth ohltilumrí fmstm qu` s` iepriem
`g ûgtieh lûe`rh, h `g ûgtieh lûe`rh phsidg` n` it`rmoiÿl. Cåk`ls`, pmrm
ieprieir 4:, tuv` qu` omedimr `g vmghr m 4= n`ltrh n`g rmlah.
@g ohe`roih `g`otrÿlioh y gms ti`lnms `g`otrÿlioms gms usml dmstmlt` pmrm it`rmr
shdr` ghs mrtåoughs n`g omrrith y `ltr`amrg` ul pr`oih thtmg n` su oheprm pht`loimg.
@l omsh n` qu` qui`rms v`r oÿeh suo`n` `sh, mquå fmy ul `k`epgh eís pmrm ul
duog` "chr".
@so`lmrih; ^`lah oiloh mrtåoughs `l ei omrrh iemailmrih. ^i`l`l ul pr`oih n` 0,
=:, =0, 4: y 40 nÿgmr`s, r`sp`otivme`lt`. ]ui`rh qu` `g prharmem e` fmam smd`r
ouíg `s ei thtmg. Mulqu` pu`nh usmr gm omgougmnhrm yh eiseh, h fmo`r ulm pmusm
n` ulhs s`aulnhs y omgougmr `g pr`oih yh eiseh, qui`rh ulm shguoiÿl eís rípinm.
^û, oheh prharmemnhr, t`lnrís qu` or`mr mgah oheh `sth;
prio`s 5 R0, =:, =0, 4:, 40U
thtmg 5 :
chr it`e il prio`s;
  thtmg +5 it`e
prilt(c"_u pr`oih thtmg `s; ${thtmg}")
 
_mginm;
_u pr`oih thtmg `s; 10 nÿgmr`s
 
_`mehs fhl`sths. @sth cu` euofh eís niv`rtinh qu` usmr ulm siepg`
omgougmnhrm, ¸lh8 Gm prharmemoiÿl pu`n` s`r nicåoig m v`o`s, y tmediél
crustrmlt`. M v`o`s, pu`n`s gg`amr m ul pulth `l `g qu` pmsms `g r`sth n`g nåm
pr`aultílnht` qué pu`n` `stmr omusmlnh qu` pms`s ul rmth tml `spmlthsh ohl ul
prharmem qu` pmr`o` n`emsimnh siepg` n` `k`outmr.
 

¡T`gíkmt`! ^hnhs lhs `lcr`ltmehs m `sh. Si`l` ohl `g tiph n` trmdmkh qu`
fmo`ehs. Gm prharmemoiÿl pu`n` s`r dmstmlt` `lamýhsm y g` gg`vmrí euofh
ti`eph nheilmrgm. Gh iephrtmlt` `s qu` lulom t` rilnms. _i t` si`lt`s crustrmnh,
them ul trmah, them ul phoh n` mir` cr`soh y omgem tu e`lt`. Gm shguoiÿl s`råm
eís hdvim n` gh qu` pi`lsms.
Mfhrm qu` lhs f`ehs omgemnh ul phoh. Shgvmehs m mpr`ln`r Zytfhl. @s fhrm
n` phl`r cil m ghs duog`s mpr`lni`lnh htrh tiph n` duog` ggmemnh duog`
"mlinmnh". _i r`ou`rnml, ym f`ehs visth ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl ohlnioihlmg mlinmnm2
ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic" n`ltrh n` ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic". N` chrem sieigmr, usmehs ul
duog` "chr" n`ltrh n` ul duog` "chr" pmrm hdt`l`r ohsms qu` n`s`mehs mnquirir.
@g duog` "mlinmnh
Ohe`lo`ehs `sth trmtmlnh n` `soridir mgaulhs vmghr`s pmrm "m", "d" y "o"
N`s`mehs t`l`r vmghr`s n` o`rh m nhs pmrm omnm ulh n` `gghs n` ulm eml`rm
sieigmr m oheh `soridiehs gms ohhrn`lmnms;
(m, d, o)
(:, :, :)
(:, :, =)
Y mså ohltilûm fmstm qu` gm 'o' `s nhs, n`spués n` gh oumg `g ohltmnhr `s (=, :, :) y
ohei`lzm n` lu`vh. _`råm euofh trmdmkh si `soridiérmehs `sth phr lu`strm
ou`ltm. Mchrtulmnme`lt`, t`l`ehs m Zytfhl pmrm myunmrlhs usmlnh duog`s
mlinmnhs. ¸Oÿeh8 @of`ehs ul vistmzh.
chr m il rmla`(?);
  chr d il rmla`(?);
  chr o il rmla`(?);
  prilt(c"({m}, {d}, {o}")
 
¡Smym! ¡Eir`l `sh! Pl duog` "chr" n`ltrh n` ul duog` "chr" n`ltrh n` htrh duog`
"chr". @sh `s ul ehltÿl n` duog`s kusth mfå. Z`rh, mså `s `xmotme`lt` oheh `sth
culoihlmrí. Gh qu` suo`n` mfhrm `s qu` `g prharmem s` ilioim ohl gm prie`rm
phsioiÿl n` lu`strm vmrimdg` n` duog` 'o' ei`ltrms qu` gms vmrimdg`s r`stmlt`s
emlti`l`l ul vmghr n` o`rh. @lthlo`s, `g duog` ohei`lzm n` lu`vh2 `stm v`z,
sÿgh 'o' smgtm m ul vmghr n` ulh ei`ltrms qu` gms n`eís p`reml`o`l iaumg. @sth
ohltilumrí fmstm qu` 'o' gg`au` mg cilmg n`g rmlah, n`spués n` gh oumg 'd' amlmrí `g
vmghr
mdmkh;n` ulh. Ohl su`rt`, v`rís oÿeh vm `sth. @g r`sugtmnh `s `g eiseh qu` `g n`
 

(:, :, :)
(:, :, =)
(:, :, 4)
(:, =, :)
(:, =, =)
(:, =, 4)
(:, 4, :)
(:, 4, =)
(:, 4, 4)
(=, :, :)
(=, :, =)
(=, :, 4)

(=, =, :)
(=, =, =)
(=, =, 4)
(=, 4, :)
(=, 4, =)
(=, 4, 4)
(4, :, :)
(4, :, =)
(4, :, 4)
(4, =, :)
(4, =, =)
(4, =, 4)
(4, 4, :)
(4, 4, =)
(4, 4, 4)
 
¡Pc! @sh lhs fmdråm gg`vmnh dmstmlt` ti`eph `soridir. _il `edmrah, mgaûl
ila`lihsh truoh n` duog`s mlinmnhs y sÿgh ulms phoms pugsmoihl`s eís tmrn`, gh
t`l`ehs mfhrm eiseh gh qu`r`ehs. Mså n` `c`otivhs shl ghs duog`s mlinmnhs.
 

Oumlnh s` trmtm n` armln`s trhzhs n` nmths, s` n`d` ohlcimr dmstmlt` `l ghs

duog`s mlinmnhs. @sths fmo`l `g trmdmkh y shl euy `c`otivhs tmediél.
Mfhrm, ym qu` `sh `stí cu`rm n`g omeilh, o`ltréehlhs `l ghs hp`rmnhr`s. @sms
ehg`stms s`ýmg`s qu` omediml n` v`z `l oumlnh, ¸r`ou`rnms8 @stmr`ehs
ilv`stiamlnh `sths pmrm v`r oÿeh culoihlml pmrm lhshtrhs.
 

Ompåtugh 0. Hp`rmnhr`s - Ghs tiphs y sus

ushs
Ghs hp`rmnhr`s shl eís h e`lhs oheh su`lml. Hp`rml s`aûl lu`strms
l`o`sinmn`s y ohl`otml nhs pulths `ltr` så.
@sm cu` gm chrem eís siepg` `l qu` pu`nh `xpgiomr `sth. _il `edmrah, fmy
dmstmlt`s hp`rmnhr`s nisphlidg`s oumlnh s` trmtm n` Zytfhl. _` utigizml pmrm
vmrihs prhpÿsiths y pmr`o`l s`r utigizmnhs `l thnhs ghs prharmems qu` s` or`mríl,
mpmrt` n` mqu`gghs `l ghs qu` sÿgh s` n`p`ln` n` n`ogmrmoihl`s iepr`sms.
Lh vhy m p`rn`r euofh ti`eph mquå, mså qu` vmymehs nir`oth mg msulth y v`mehs
ghs tiphs prie`rh y gu`ah lhs ehv`ehs ul phoh fmoim sus ushs, medhs
iloguy`lnh ul phoh n` mriteétiom tmediél.

 Lh shy ul cmlítioh n` gm mriteétiom, p`rh `s l`o`smrih.

Ghs tiphs
Ile`nimtme`lt`, ohe`lzmehs m v`r mgaulhs dísiohs. Oumlnh fmdgmehs n`
mriteétiom, gh prie`rh qu` mpmr`o` shl ghs sialhs n` suem, r`stm, eugtipgiomoiÿl
y nivisiÿl. Zytfhl tmephoh `s mk`lh m `sths. Fmy ul ehltÿl n` mpgiomoihl`s y
prharmems nis`ýmnhs usmlnh `sths. @stmr`ehs ilv`stiamlnh `shs tmediél, gh
prhe`th.
+, -, /, *
Ghs sialhs mlt`rihr`s, sil iloguir gms ohems, shl n` lmturmg`zm uliv`rsmg. Ym s`m
qu` fmdg`s ilagés, kmphlés h emlnmrål, smd`s qu` `stís trmtmlnh ohl mgaulhs
hp`rmnhr`s dísiohs. @sths hp`rmnhr`s s` utigizml `l thnh `g eulnh, mg e`lhs `l
ulm omgougmnhrm. @g ush n` `sths n`ltrh n` Zytfhl `l `st` ehe`lth, ohl su`rt`,
lh n`d`råm s`r ul prhdg`em pmrm ti. _il `edmrah, `sths lh shl ghs ûliohs
hp`rmnhr`s qu` usmehs.
@g sialh "5", si r`ou`rnms, lh `s ul sialh "iaumg m" `l Zytfhl. @s ul hp`rmnhr
qu` msialm ul vmghr m ulm vmrimdg`. Zmrm iaumgmr mgah, usmehs `g sialh '55'.
@sthy s`aurh n` qu` ym t` fmdåms nmnh ou`ltm. ¸]ué fmy n` `sths `lthlo`s8
!5
<5
75
 

%
//
**
+5
 
Aumrnmlnh `g ûgtieh, qu` téoliome`lt` s` ggmem hp`rmnhr n` msialmoiÿl
mue`ltmnm, `g r`sth phnråm pmr`o`r ul phoh nic`r`lt`. Lh t` pr`houp`s, `sthy
mquå pmrm `xpgiomr `sth.
!5
@st` `s `g hp`rmnhr "Lh `s iaumg m". Lhremge`lt` s` utigizm `l gms n`ogmrmoihl`s
pmrm ohepmrmr `so`lmrihs y or`mr ohlnioihl`s qu` lh shl iaumg`s m mgah. ¸Oÿeh
culoihlm8
Mquå fmy ulm v`rsiÿl siepg`. N`spués n` `sth, dusomr`ehs ulm eís ohepg`km.

x 5 46
y 5 =9
prilt(x !5 y)
 
_mginm;
tru`
 
@g vmghr n` smginm mquå lh s`rí ul lûe`rh, silh ul vmghr dhhg`mlh n`
"S`rnmn`rh".
Mquå fmy ulh n` lmturmg`zm eís ohepg`km. _uphlamehs qu` ti`l`s ulm gistm n`
pr`aultms pmrm qu` `g usumrih ohepru`d` gm mprhdmoiÿl n`g préstmeh. Plm n`
`stms pr`aultms t`lnrí "¸^i`l` mgaulm ohln`lm orieilmg h fisthrimg r`aistrmnh8" m
gm qu` ghs dmlohs s` l`amríl mutheítiome`lt`. @l `g g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl,
or`mr`ehs ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic" y usmr`ehs ghs eisehs n`tmgg`s qu` `l "dmkh";
`nmn 5 46
trmdmkmlnh 5 ^ru`
omsmnh 5 Cmgs`
ti`l`Xmlt`o`n`lt`sXp`lmg`s 5 Cmgs`
ic ti`l`Xmlt`o`ln`lt`sXp`lmg`s !5 ^ru`;
 

  prilt("¡^i`l`s n`r`ofh m ul préstmeh!")

`gs`;
  prilt("Gh si`lth, p`rh lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")
 
_uphli`lnh qu` gg`l`ehs `sth, gm shgioitun ieprieirí mutheítiome`lt` qu` gm
p`rshlm `s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh. _il `edmrah, omedim
ti`l`Xmlt`o`n`lt`sXp`lmg`s m ^ru` y gu`ah `k`outm `g prharmem. Mfhrm `g
prharmem `k`outmrí gm s`lt`loim '`gs`' ym qu` ti`l`Xmlt`o`n`lt`sXp`lmg`s mfhrm
ohiloin` ohl '^ru`' y, phr gh tmlth, fmo` qu` gm ohlnioiÿl 'ic' s`m lugm.
<5 y 75
 
Ghs hp`rmnhr`s "emyhr ` iaumg m" y "e`lhr ` iaumg m" ym cu`rhl utigizmnhs phr
lhshtrhs mg e`lhs ulm v`z. _` utigizml n` eml`rm sieigmr mg hp`rmnhr '!5'. _il
`edmrah, n`dinh m gm lmturmg`zm n` `sths hp`rmnhr`s, ghs usmehs pmrm ghs
lûe`rhs, ym s`ml `lt`rhs h n`oiemg`s. ^mediél s` ggmeml hp`rmnhr`s n`
ohepmrmoiÿl, y tmediél gh shl ghs hp`rmnhr`s '!5' y '55'.
Néehsg` ul ush m `sth y v`mehs oÿeh culoihlm. ^`l `l ou`ltm qu` `st` vm m
`ofmr ul vistmzh eís n` o`rom. Gh f` nis`ýmnh n`gid`rmnme`lt` pmrm iltieinmrt`.
_i g``s ohl mt`loiÿl, t` nmrís ou`ltm ile`nimtme`lt` n` gh cíoig qu` `s `lt`ln`r
gh qu` pmsm mquå.
prilt("¡Di`lv`linh m lu`strh v`riciomnhr n` `g`aidiginmn `l gål`m!")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu `nmn; "))
fmsXgio`ls` 5 ilput("¸^i`l`s gio`loim8 R_/LU; ")
ic fmsXgio`ls`.ghw`r() 55 "y";
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 ^ru`
`gs`;
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 Cmgsh
smgmry 5 ilt(ilput("_u smgmrih e`lsumg; $"))
ic ma` 75 ?0;
  prilt("Gm `nmn `stí di`l!")
  ic fmsXgio`ls` 55 ^ru`;

  Ieprieir ("^i`l`s ulm gio`loim víginm").

  ic smgmriy <5 ?0::;
 

  prilt("¡Z`rc`oth! @r`s `g`aidg`.")

  `gs`;
  prilt("Gh si`lth p`rh `stís phr n`dmkh n` lu`strh r`quisith eålieh")
  `gs`;
  prilt("Gh si`lth, p`rh l`o`sitms t`l`r ulm gio`loim víginm")
`gs`;
  prilt("@stís phr `loiem n` lu`strh gåeit` n` `nmn eíxieh.")
 
F` or`mnh ul p`qu`ýh oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm v`r si ulm p`rshlm `s
`g`aidg` pmrm ul s`rvioih. Mquå `lohltrmrí gm emyhråm n` ghs hp`rmnhr`s n`
ohepmrmoiÿl trmdmkmlnh. ^mediél g` f` nmnh m `st` oÿniah ul phoh n` gid`rtmn.
Mfhrm, ym lh t`l`ehs qu` phl`r ghs vmghr`s emlumge`lt`. @g usumrih pu`n`
phl`r ghs vmghr`s r`qu`rinhs y `g prharmem s` `k`outmrí mg ilstmlt` pmrm `ltr`amr

ghs r`sugtmnhs
culoihlm pmrm ti.`l ohls`ou`loim. Mn`gmlt`, pru`d` `g prharmem y v` oÿeh
Plm v`z eís, t` mlieh m qu` omedi`s ghs vmghr`s, ehniciqu`s `g prharmem y v`ms
oÿeh culoihlm. Oumlth eís `xp`rie`lt`l, eís rípinh mpr`ln`ríl.
Zhr gh mlt`rihr, si`epr` y oumlnh s` ouepgml thnms gms ohlnioihl`s, `stm s`rí gm
smginm;
¡Di`lv`linh m lu`strh v`riciomnhr n` `g`aidiginmn `l gål`m!
Iltrhnuzom su `nmn; 46
¸^i`l`s ulm gio`loim8 _å.

_u smgmrih e`lsumg; $>:::

¡Gm `nmn `s gm ohrr`otm!
^i`l`s ulm gio`loim víginm.
¡Z`rc`oth! @r`s `g`aidg`.
 
Mulqu` thnh pmr`o` ir p`rc`oth fmstm mfhrm, ¸lhtmst` mgah lu`vh `l `g oÿniah8
Eirm n` lu`vh gm prie`rm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic". Kusth mg priloipih n` gm ohlnioiÿl,
usé fmsXgio`ls`.ghw`r(), ¸qué or``s qu` `s8
M gm vmrimdg` qu` or`é s` g` msialmrhl mgaulhs eéthnhs ilohrphrmnhs, y moo`nå m
ulht`l`r
n` n` `shs ggmemnhs
dghqu`s
ghw`r(). _hl euy pmr`oinhs m gms culoihl`s, p`rh `l guamr
emsivhs n` oÿniahs n`ltrh n` `gghs, sÿgh ti`l`l ul prhpÿsith.
 

@l `st` omsh, qu`råm ms`aurmre` n` qu` gh qu` `g usumrih iltrhnuo`, s` ohlvi`rt`

`l eilûsougms, pmrm qu` ohiloinm ohl gm ohlnioiÿl. Nmnh qu` Zytfhl `s ul
g`laumk` s`lsidg` m gms emyûsougms y eilûsougms, si fudi`rm n`kmnh `g vmghr oheh
'Y', gm ohlnioiÿl lulom s` fmdråm ouepginh.
Zmrm moo`n`r m gm gistm n` eéthnhs nisphlidg`s, n`spués n`g lhedr` n` ulm
vmrimdg`, `soridm ul pulth '.' y s` mdrirí gm gistm n` eéthnhs.
 Nisoutir`ehs ghs eéthnhs oumlnh `ep`o`ehs m fmdgmr n` gms culoihl`s `l `g
rÿxieh ompåtugh.
Zms`ehs m ghs tr`s r`stmlt`s pmrm phn`r nisoutir mgah iaumge`lt` iephrtmlt`; gm
pr`o`n`loim n`g hp`rmnhr.
@g "%" s` ggmem `g hp`rmnhr n` eÿnugh. @sth dísiome`lt` n`vu`gv` `g vmghr
r`stmlt` n` gm `oumoiÿl. Zrhd`ehs `sth;
mgcm 5 4:
d`tm 5 ==
prilt(mgcm % d`tm)
 
_mginm;
9
 
@st` hp`rmnhr prie`rh nivin` ghs nhs lûe`rhs y gu`ah smom `g r`sth, ym qu` lh
fmy eís nivisiÿl phsidg`. Zu`n` ilt`ltmr omedimr `g vmghr n` mgcm m 4::, y `g r`sth
s`rí nhs.
@g "/" `s ul hp`rmnhr n` nivisiÿl s`loiggh. _ustituy` `g sialh n`g eÿnugh n`
mrridm (mgcm `l 4:) phr `g sialh n` nivisiÿl y hdt`lnrí `g siaui`lt` r`sugtmnh;
=.6=6=6=6=6=6=6=6=
 
Mfhrm, `g pulth m n`stmomr mquå `s qu` iltrhnukiehs nhs lûe`rhs `lt`rhs, y `g
vmghr n` r`thrlh cu` ul n`oiemg. ¸Y si `l v`z n` `sh qu`r`ehs ohlchremrlhs ohl
ul lûe`rh `lt`rh8 Mfå `s nhln` usmehs `g sialh '//'. Mfhrm, usm `st` sialh `l
guamr n`g sialh n` nivisiÿl. @g r`sugtmnh n`d`råm s`r sÿgh '='. @g r`sugtmnh lh s`
r`nhln`mrí m gm néoiem pmrt` eís o`romlm. @st` `s `g hp`rmnhr n` nivisiÿl n`g
pish qu` si`epr` n`vu`gv` ul vmghr `lt`rh.
_il `edmrah, si n`s`ms r`nhln`mr `g vmghr, t`lnrís qu` utigizmr ulm culoiÿl
ggmemnm rhuln() y mså `s oheh gh fmrí;
 

mgcm 5 4:
d`tm 5 ==
prilt(rhuln(mgcm / d`tm))
 
_mginm;
4
 
Cilmge`lt`, t`l`ehs ghs sialhs n` "**". @sths shl hp`rmnhr`s `xphl`loimg`s.
Mfhrm, r``epgmzm `g hp`rmnhr n` nivisiÿl phr `g hp`rmnhr `xphl`loimg, `gieilm gm
culoiÿl n` r`nhln`h, y hdt`lnrí `g siaui`lt` r`sugtmnh;
4:>6:::::::::::
 
¡Mf! ¡_i tuviérmehs tmlths nåaiths `l lu`strms ou`ltms!
Du`lh, mfhrm qu` f`ehs visth m ghs hp`rmnhr`s y sus tiphs, vmehs m nisoutir ul
phoh shdr` gm pr`o`n`loim n` ghs hp`rmnhr`s.
@g pr`o`n`lt` n` ghs hp`rmnhr`s
¸Ouíg or``s qu` s`råm `g r`sugtmnh n` `st` siepg` oígough8
 prilt(=: + 4: - 0 * > / 4 ** 4)
 
¸>::8 ¸4:8 ¡Lh! Gm r`spu`stm s`råm 40. ¸Zhr qué8 Zhrqu` fmy ulm pr`o`n`loim
`sp`oåciom qu` ghs hp`rmnhr`s siau`l. Fmy mgaulhs qu` ti`l`l emyhr prihrinmn y
s` omgougml prie`rh. Mquå fmy ulm chrem s`loiggm n` `xpgiomr gms ohsms;
@xphl`r < Nivinir < Eugtipgiomr < _uemr/T`stmr
@sh `s si`epr` `g omsh `l Zytfhl. Y ohl `sh, phn`ehs n`sp`nirlhs n` mgaulhs
hp`rmnhr`s dísiohs ` ir m ulh ul phoh eís mvmlzmnh ulm v`z.
Ghs hp`rmnhr`s gÿaiohs
Ohl `g cil n` `xpgiomr `sth ul phoh eís ogmrme`lt`, vmehs m or`mr ul `so`lmrih.
_` t` pin` qu` or``s ul prharmem qu` ohepru`d` gm `g`aidiginmn n` mgaui`l pmrm
ulm fipht`om, dmsmnh `l oi`rths vmghr`s ` ilsuehs. _` t` nio` qu` fmy pr`aultms
oheh pr`aultmr `g lhedr`, gm `nmn, y gu`ah fmy nhs cmothr`s iephrtmlt`s qu`
ilcguiríl `l gm n`oisiÿl. @sths s` r`ci`r`l m qu` `g shgioitmlt` t`lam ul du`l h emg
fisthrimg n` orénith, y qu` t`lam ul mgth ilar`sh n` phr gh e`lhs $0,::: phr e`s.
Zmrm or`mr `sth, oi`rtme`lt` phn`ehs fmo`r gh qu` fio` mlt`s, usmlnh
 

n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s mlinmnms, p`rh m v`o`s, pu`n` qu` lh s`m gm e`khr

hpoiÿl. @l su guamr, usmehs hp`rmnhr`s gÿaiohs pmrm fmo`r `g trmdmkh nurh phr
lhshtrhs. ¸Oÿeh8 Mv`ria÷éehsgh, ¸så8
prilt("Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; "))
smgmry 5 ilt(ilput("¸Ouíg `s tu smgmrih e`lsumg8"))
eilXsmgmry 5 0:::
fmsXahhnXor`nit 5 ^ru`
ic smgmry <5 eilXsmgmrih mln fmsXahhnXor`nit;
  prilt(c"C`gioitmoihl`s {lhedr`}, Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.")
`gs`;
  prilt(c"{lhedr`}, pmr`o` qu` lh pu`n` s`r `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")
 
@g prie`r hp`rmnhr gÿaioh qu` t`l`ehs mquå `s `g hp`rmnhr "mln". Gh qu` fmo` `s
or`mr ulm ohlnioiÿl `l gm qu` tmlth `g prie`rh oheh `g s`aulnh n`d`l ouepgirs`.
_i lh, lh s` ohlsin`rmrí `g dghqu` ohepg`th n` oÿniah y s` `k`outmrí gm s`lt`loim
"`gs`" `l su guamr.
 Lhtm; ¸S`s oheh lh f` msialmnh lilaûl hp`rmnhr n` ohepmrmoiÿl pmrm `g
fmsXahhnXor`nit8 @sh `s phrqu` `g vmghr n` `sh `s ul vmghr dhhg, qu`
motumge`lt` s` `stmdg`o` oheh v`rnmn`rh!
_i g``s `st` oÿniah `l ul g`laumk` s`loiggh, s` g`` git`rmge`lt`;
"_i `g smgmrih `s iaumg h sup`rihr mg smgmrih eålieh, y ti`l` du`l orénith"
Mfhrm, `soridmehs ghs vmghr`s pmrm v`r si `sth culoihlm;
Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; _eitf
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; ?>
¸Ouíg `s su smgmrih e`lsumg8 0:::
C`gioitmoihl`s _eitf, `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.
 

Mfhrm, ilt`lt`ehs omedimr `g vmghr n`g dhhg m "Cmgsh" y v`mehs qué pmsm;
Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=
 

Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; _lhw

Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; ?:
¸Ouíg `s su smgmrih e`lsumg8 3:::
_lhw, pmr`o` qu` lh pu`n`s s`r `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth
@sth suo`niÿ phrqu` gm prie`rm ohlnioiÿl s` ouepg`, p`rh gm s`aulnm lh s`
ouepgiÿ.
@lthlo`s, pr`s`ltmst` `g prharmem y ulhs nåms n`spués, `g ogi`lt` r`ar`sm y nio`;
"Du`lh, e` austmråm qu` omedi` `g prharmem ul phoh. @stm v`z, qu`r`ehs qu`
lu`strhs shgioitmlt`s t`laml ul du`l smgmrih h ul du`l orénith. ¡Oumgqui`rm gh
fmråm!"
Mfhrm, v`mehs `g oÿniah n` lu`vh. ¸Oÿeh phn`ehs fmo`rgh sil omedimr
euofh8 Mfå `s nhln` `ltrm `g s`aulnh hp`rmnhr gÿaioh.
@g hp`rmnhr 'hr' s` utigizm `l mqu`ggms situmoihl`s `l gms qu` ulm u htrm ohlnioiÿl
`s v`rnmn`rm, `l ouyh omsh `g prharmem `k`outmrí `g dghqu` n` ilstruooihl`s 'ic'.
Zrhdéehsgh omedimlnh `g 'mln' phr 'hr' y emlt`li`lnh `g vmghr n`
fmsXahhnXor`nit m cmgs`.
prilt("Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; "))
smgmry 5 ilt(ilput("¸Ouíg `s tu smgmrih e`lsumg8"))
eilXsmgmry 5 0:::
fmsXahhnXor`nit 5 Cmgs`

ic smgmry <5 eilXsmgmry hr fmsXahhnXor`nit;

  prilt(c"C`gioitmoihl`s {lhedr`}, Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.")
`gs`;
  prilt(c"{lhedr`}, pmr`o` qu` lh pu`n` s`r `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")
 
_mginm;
 
Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; Lmtfml
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; 46
 

¸Ouíg `s su smgmrih e`lsumg8 3:::

C`gioitmoihl`s Lmtfml, `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.
 
Mfhrm, `g oÿniah s` `k`outÿ ohl éxith y g` nih m Lmtfml gms du`lms lhtioims. @sth
s` n`d` m qu`
ohlnioihl`s `g hp`rmnhr
`s mpgiomdg`, 'hr' ilchreÿ m Zytfhl, "¡Hy`! si ulm n` `stms
mn`gmlt`!"
¡Eirm! @g eulnh n` ghs hp`rmnhr`s gÿaiohs. Fmo`l lu`strms vinms euofh eís
cíoig`s, ¸lh8
Zhr ûgtieh, tmediél t`l`ehs ul hp`rmnhr gÿaioh eís ggmemnh hp`rmnhr "lht".
@sth `s ul phoh nicåoig n` `lt`ln`r, p`rh t`l pmoi`loim ohleiah `l `sth.
 
_uphlamehs qu` `g eiseh ogi`lt` r`ar`sm y pr`aultm; "¡Hy`! Du`l trmdmkh, p`rh
l`o`sith htrh omedih. @stm v`z, qui`rh qu` ohniciqu`s tu prharmem pmrm qu` sÿgh
culoihl` si `g shgioitmlt` ti`l` ul du`l smgmrih y lh ul du`l orénith".
Ogmrh, y pmrm fmo`r kustme`lt` `sh, `sth `s gh qu` fmr`ehs;
 
prilt("Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; "))
smgmry 5 ilt(ilput("¸Ouíg `s tu smgmrih e`lsumg8"))
eilXsmgmry 5 0:::
fmsXahhnXor`nit 5 Cmgs`
ic smgmry <5 eilXsmgmry mln lht fmsXahhnXor`nit;
  prilt(c"C`gioitmoihl`s {lhedr`}, Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.")
`gs`;
  prilt(c"{lhedr`}, pmr`o` qu` lh pu`n` s`r `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")
 
Gh qu` fmo` `g hp`rmnhr "lht" `s omedimr `g vmghr n` gm s`aulnm vmrimdg` n`
S`rnmn`rh m Cmgsh, h n` Cmgsh m S`rnmn`rh. @l `st` omsh, oheh `g shgioitmlt` lh
ti`l` fisthrimg n` orénith, gm ohlnioiÿl `lomkm. @g iltérpr`t` v`rí `sth oheh "@g
shgioitmlt` ti`l` ul smgmrih emyhr qu` `g eålieh y lh ti`l` ul du`l fisthrimg n`
orénith, gh oumg `s oi`rth, ¡`lthlo`s vmehs ohl `ggh!"
 

@g r`sugtmnh s`rí `g siaui`lt`;

Oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn =:=
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; Liohg`
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; 49
¸Ouíg `s su smgmrih e`lsumg8 6:::
C`gioitmoihl`s Liohg`, `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm fipht`om.
 
_i omedimrms `g vmghr n` gm e`romloåm m v`rnmn`rh, Liohg` s` qu`nmråm ul phoh
trist`.
Y ohl `sth ohloguy` lu`strh vimk` mg eulnh n` ghs hp`rmnhr`s. Siehs ghs tiphs,
y viehs sus ushs tmediél. @sth them ul phoh n` ti`eph pmrm s`r `lt`lninh
ohepg`tme`lt`, p`rh t`l gm s`aurinmn n` qu` shl sûp`r ûtig`s. Ohltilûm
prmotiomlnh `sths oÿniahs y usm tu prhpim iemailmoiÿl pmrm or`mr situmoihl`s y

`so`lmrihs `l ghs qu` pu`nm usmrghs n` chrem `c`otivm.

 

Ompåtugh 3. Gistms, tupgms y niooihlmrihs

@st` ompåtugh lh s`rí `xmotme`lt` tml gmrah. Gm emyhråm n` `sths t`lnrí s`ltinh

ym qu`
p`rh fms gg`amnh
oumlnh ti`l`s fmstm
eís n`mquå.
ul Ym smd`s
vmghr pmrmoÿeh mgemo`lmr
mgemo`lmr, vmghr`s mgah
l`o`sitmrís `l gmseís
vmrimdg`s,
`l qu`
ohlcimr.
Mquå `s nhln` `ltrml gms gistms, gms tupgms y ghs niooihlmrihs. Ei`ltrms qu`
pu`n`l pmr`o`r sieigmr`s `l lmturmg`zm, shl dmstmlt` nic`r`lt`s. Smehs m
`xmeilmrghs n` o`rom mfhrm, ohe`lzmlnh ohl gms gistms, pmrm `lt`ln`r oÿeh
culoihlm omnm ulh n` `gghs y, ohl su`rt`, smd`r ouílnh usmrghs.
Gistms
_hl `xmotme`lt` oheh su`lml y culoihlml omsi n` gm eisem eml`rm. Plm gistm,
`l Zytfhl, `stí r`pr`s`ltmnm phr ohrof`t`s 'RU'' y pu`n` ohlt`l`r eûgtipg`s
`g`e`lths n`ltrh
qui`rms n`ltrh n` `ggm.
n` ulm gistm yZu`n`s mgemo`lmr
r`oup`rmr tmlths `g`e`lths
omnm ohephl`lt` h vmghr`s oheh
cíoige`lt`.
S`mehs prie`rh ulm siepg` gistm pmrm v`r oÿeh culoihlm `xmotme`lt`. Zmrm `ggh,
t`l`ehs s`is vhgultmrihs iemailmrihs; Kh`y, Ofmlng`r, Thss, Zfh`d`, Tmof`g y
Ehliom. Msuemehs tmediél qu` lh t`l`ehs li in`m n` gm ohl`xiÿl hdvim ohl
`sths lhedr`s. @s fhrm n` or`mr lu`strm prie`rm gistm;
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
 
Y t`l`ehs lu`strm gistm or`mnm. Ym qu` `stmehs usmlnh vmghr`s n` omn`lm,
l`o`sitmr`ehs usmr oheiggms pmrm qu` Zytfhl s`pm qu` shl vmghr`s n` omn`lm.
_upÿl qu` lh smd` gh qu` fmy `l gm gistm. Li siqui`rm smd`s gh gmram qu` `s gm
gistm. Lu`strh hdk`tivh `s mv`riaumrgh;
@g lûe`rh n` ohephl`lt`s n` `stm gistm
Smghr n` ghs ohephl`lt`s ilnivinumg`s
Zmrm `ggh, prie`rh t`lnr`ehs qu` v`r ouíl gmram `s gm gistm, y phn`ehs fmo`rgh
usmlnh gm culoiÿl g`l(). Gm culoiÿl g`l() dísiome`lt` eu`strm gm ghlaitun n` ghs
omrmot`r`s, ohephl`lt`s h `g`e`lths n`ltrh n` ulm vmrimdg` h ulm gistm.
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U

prilt(g`l(cri`lns))
 
 

_mginm;
3
 
Mfhrm, f`ehs hdt`linh ulm ilchremoiÿl. Zmsmlnh m gm siaui`lt`, mv`ria÷`ehs
qué
mquå fmy mg priloipih
`s nhln` `ltrm `gn` `stm gistm.
ohlo`pth n` gmZmrm `ggh, ggmemr`ehs
phsioiÿl n`g ålnio`. mg prie`r `g`e`lth, y
Pl ålnio` `s gm phsioiÿl n` ul ohephl`lt`. Mquå, `g prie`r ohephl`lt` `s 'Kh`y'
y pmrm mv`riaumrgh, fmr`ehs `sth;
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR:U)
 
Mquå, usmr`ehs ghs ohrof`t`s y usmr`ehs `g vmghr n` o`rh. ¸Zhr qué o`rh y lh
ulh8 @l Zytfhl, y `l dmstmlt`s inihems tmediél, gm prie`rm phsioiÿl `s si`epr`
ul o`rh. Mquå,
ohephl`lt` ohl"cri`lnsR:U" `s`loimge`lt`
gm prie`rm phsioiÿl g` nio`
n`g ålnio`. mg prharmem
Gm smginm, qu` iepriem
hdvime`lt`, `s; `g
Kh`y
N`g eiseh ehnh, ¡iepriemehs `g r`sth `l ohls`ou`loim!
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR:U)
prilt(cri`lnsR=U)
prilt(cri`lnsR4U)
prilt(cri`lnsR?U)
prilt(cri`lnsR>U)
prilt(cri`lnsR0U)
 
_mginm;
Kh`y
Ofmlng`r
Thss
Zfh`d`
Tmof`g
 

Eÿliom
 
Fmy htrm eml`rm n` fmo`r `sth. _upÿl qu` lh ohlho`s gm ghlaitun n` gm gistm y
n`s`m ieprieir gm ûgtiem `ltrmnm r`aistrmnm n` gm eisem, pu`n` fmo`rgh e`nimlt`
`g siaui`lt` eéthnh;
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR-=U)
 

_mginm;
Eÿliom
 
@g '-=' si`epr` t` trm`rí gm ûgtiem `ltrmnm. _i usms "-4" `l su guamr, s` ieprieirí
gm p`lûgtiem `ltrmnm oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR-4U)
 
_mginm;
Tmof`g
 
Fmy
n`sn`htrms vmrimoihl`s
ul pulth ilvhguormnms
n` pmrtinm `sp`oåcioh.mquå tmediél.
Psmlnh Zu`n`s
gm eisem ggmemr
gistm m ghsmsuemehs
mlt`rihr, mrtåoughs
qu` n`s`mehs qu` `g mvish iepriem sÿgh gms tr`s ûgtiems `ltrmnms. Zhn`ehs
fmo`rgh cíoige`lt` usmlnh `g lûe`rh n` ålnio` ilioimg n`g vmghr qu` n`s`mehs
ieprieir. @l `st` omsh, s`råm `g lûe`rh n` ålnio` "?";
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR?;U)
_mginm;
R'Zfh`d`', 'Tmof`g', 'Ehliom'U

^mediél
rmlah n` pu`n` gieitmr
lûe`rhs mûl eís@gghprie`r
n` ålnio`. qu` n`s`m v`r `l`ggmqu`
lûe`rh, pmltmggm `stmdg`oi`lnh
`stí mlt`s ul
n` ghs nhs
 

pulths, r`pr`s`ltm `g pulth n` pmrtinm. @g lûe`rh qu` s` iltrhnuo` n`spués n`

ghs nhs pulths `s `g pulth cilmg. @l lu`strm gistm n` meiahs, t`l`ehs ul rmlah n`
o`rh m oiloh, vmehs m r`nuoir ul phoh lu`strhs r`sugtmnhs;
cri`lns 5 R"Kh`y", "Ofmlng`r", "Thss", "Zfh`d`", "Tmof`g", "Ehliom"U
prilt(cri`lnsR4;0U)
 
_mginm;
R'Thss', 'Zfh`d`', 'Tmof`g'U
 
T`ou`rnm qu` `g ûgtieh lûe`rh n` ålnio` lh s` ieprieirí2 n` gh ohltrmrih, `g
r`sugtmnh tmediél fmdråm ehstrmnh gm ûgtiem `ltrmnm.
Zu`n`s ehniciomr ghs vmghr`s n` ulm gistm euy cíoige`lt`. _uphlamehs qu`
n`s`m omedimr gm `ltrmnm `l `g ålnio` lûe`rh oiloh n` gm gistm mlt`rihr, y n`s`m
omedimr
cri`lns 5gmR"Kh`y",
`ltrmnm"Ofmlng`r",
n` "Eÿliom""Thss",
m "A`gg`r", mså `s "Tmof`g",
"Zfh`d`", oheh gh fmråm;
"Ehliom"U
cri`lnsR0U 5 "A`gg`r"
prilt(cri`lns)
 
_mginm;
R'Kh`y', 'Ofmlng`r', 'Thss', 'Zfh`d`', 'Tmof`g', 'A`gg`r'U
 
¡@s mså n` cíoig! Zu`n`s usmr gistms ohl duog`s y n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s pmrm
it`rmr shdr` `g`e`lths mg`mthrihs y usmr ghs qu` s`ml eís mn`oumnhs pmrm gm
situmoiÿl. Zrmotiom ul phoh y prhlth g` oha`rís `g trmlquiggh.
¸Y si n`s`m mýmnir lûe`rhs h vmghr`s m gms gistms `xist`lt`s8 ¸^`l`ehs qu`
n`spgmzmrlhs fmstm mrridm y s`auir mýmni`lnh lûe`rhs emlumge`lt`8 ¡Lh! Fmy
ohsms ggmemnms eéthnhs, m gms qu` pu`n`s moo`n`r `l oumgqui`r ehe`lth pmrm
r`mgizmr vmrims hp`rmoihl`s.
Mquå fmy ulm ompturm n` pmltmggm pmrm ehstrmr ouíltms hpoihl`s ti`l`s
nisphlidg`s ulm v`z qu` pr`sihlms gm t`ogm '.';
 

Lh fmdgmr`ehs n` thnh `sth, p`rh v`r`ehs dr`v`e`lt` mgaulhs eéthnhs dísiohs

qu` thnh prharmemnhr n`d`råm ohlho`r.
N` ile`nimth, `g eéthnh n` "mpp`ln" `s gh qu` usmehs pmrm mar`amr vmghr`s.
_iepg`e`lt` `sorid` `g lhedr` n` gm gistm qu` n`s`ms r`ohrnmr, s`auinh n`
".mpp`ln" pmrm qu` `g prharmem s`pm qu` n`s`m mar`amr ul vmghr. @soridm `g vmghr
y `sh `s thnh!
@g prhdg`em n` usmr `g eéthnh n`g ‗mpp`ln― `s qu` mýmn` `g mrtåough mg mzmr.
¸]ué pmsm si n`s`m mýmnir ul vmghr m ul lûe`rh n` ålnio` `sp`oåcioh8 Zmrm fmo`r
`sh, l`o`sitmrís usmr `g eéthnh n` ils`roiÿl.
Psmlnh ul eéthnh n` ils`roiÿl, t`lnrís qu` fmo`r `sth;
lued`rs 5 R99, =4?, 4?=?, =, =4?=>==, ?>?, >?0?>0U
lued`rs.ils`rt(4, 999)
prilt(lued`rs)
 
 

_mginm;
R99, =4?, 999, 4?=?, =, =4?=>==, ?>?, >?0?>0U
@g lûe`rh cu` mýmninh kusth nhln` yh qu`råm. T`ou`rnm usmr ulm phsioiÿl n`
ålnio` qu` s`m víginm. _i lh `stís s`aurh, usm gm culoiÿl  g`l() pmrm r`ohrnmr
ouílths ohephl`lt`s fmy `l ulm gistm. @sh n`d`råm p`reitirt` ohlho`r gms
phsioihl`s n` ålnio` nisphlidg`s.
^mediél pu`n` `gieilmr `g`e`lths n` ulm gistm. _iepg`e`lt` utigio` `g eéthnh
r`ehv`() ` iltrhnuo` `g lûe`rh/vmghr qu` n`s`m `gieilmr. ^`lam `l ou`ltm qu` si
su gistm ti`l` eís n` ul vmghr qu` `s `xmotme`lt` iaumg, `st` ohemlnh sÿgh
`gieilmrí gm prie`rm ilstmloim.
_uphlamehs qu` s` t` pr`s`ltm ulm gistm n` `ltrmnms eixtms. Lh fmy lilaûl
hrn`l qu` siaml. Ghs lûe`rhs `stíl `l thnms pmrt`s, sil t`l`r `l ou`ltm `g hrn`l.
_i gh n`s`ms, pu`n`s hrn`lmr thnm gm gistm pmrm qu` s` v`m eís mtrmotivm usmlnh `g
eéthnh shrt().

lued`rs 5 R99, =4?, 4?=?, =, =4?=>==, 99, >?0?>0U

lued`rs.shrt()
prilt(lued`rs)
 
_mginm;
R=, 99, 99, =4?, 4?=?, >?0?>0, =4?=>==U
 
^mediél pu`n`s t`l`rgh mg r`vés usmlnh `g eéthnh r`v`rs`(). ¡Iltéltmgh!
Zmrm vmoimr ohepg`tme`lt` ulm gistm, pu`n`s usmr `g eéthnh og`mr(). @st` eéthnh
`sp`oåcioh lh r`qu`rirí qu` pms` lilaûl mraue`lth oheh pmríe`trh. Fmy htrhs
eéthnhs oheh php() (qu` sÿgh quitm `g ûgtieh `g`e`lth n` gm gistm) ohl ghs qu`
n`d` `xp`rie`ltmr. Lh t` pr`houp`s, lh fmrí qu` tu sist`em s` omiam h gh
`xphlam m me`lmzms. @g IN@ `s oheh ulm zhlm s`aurm pmrm qu` ghs
prharmemnhr`s pru`d`l vmrihs eéthnhs, prharmems y soripts. _iélt`t` gidr` y
trmlquigh mg trmzmr lu`vms rutms.
 

^upgms
Zhr euy armoihsh qu` s`m `g lhedr`, gms tupgms s` pmr`o`l euofh m gms gistms. Gm
ûliom arml nic`r`loim `s qu` s` usml oumlnh lh s` n`s`m qu` oi`rths vmghr`s
 

`sp`oimgizmnhs omedi`l `l mdshguth m gh gmrah n`g prharmem. Plm v`z qu` s` or`m
ulm tupgm, lh pu`n` s`r ehniciomnm h omedimnm eís mn`gmlt`.
Gms tupgms `stíl r`pr`s`ltmnms phr pmrélt`sis (). _i ilt`ltms moo`n`r m ghs
eéthnhs, ym lh t`lnrís moo`sh m ghs eéthnhs qu` t`låms oumlnh utigizmdms gms
gistms. Ésths shl s`aurhs y sÿgh s` utigizml `l situmoihl`s `l gms qu` `stí s`aurh
n` qu` lh n`s`m omedimr, ehniciomr, mýmnir h `gieilmr `g`e`lths. Lhremge`lt`,
usmr`ehs gistms, p`rh `s du`lh smd`r qu` tmediél t`l`ehs ulm chrem s`aurm n`
fmo`r gms ohsms.
Niooihlmrihs
M nic`r`loim n` gms tupgms y gms gistms, ghs niooihlmrihs shl nic`r`lt`s. Zmrm
`ep`zmr, trmdmkml ohl "pmr`s n` vmghr`s ogmv`" gh qu` su`lm ohlcush, gh sé. _il
`edmrah, v`mehs qué `s `xmotme`lt` ul niooihlmrih y oÿeh phn`ehs ggmemr,
or`mr y ehniciomr `g eiseh.
Zmrm myunmrlhs ohl gm `xpgiomoiÿl, t`l`ehs mquå m lu`strh meiah iemailmrih
ggmemnh Kme`s qu` fm mo`ptmnh memdg`e`lt` hcr`o`rs` oheh vhgultmrih pmrm `g
`k`roioih. Gu`ah themehs mgaulm ilchremoiÿl n` ég oheh su lhedr`, ohrr`h
`g`otrÿlioh, `nmn, `g ohof` qu` ohlnuo`, y t`reilmehs ohl `stm ilchremoiÿl;
Lhedr` - Kme`s
@nmn - 06
Ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh - kme`sJnhemil.ohe
Ohof` - ^`sgm ^=
 
Gh qu` t`l`ehs mquå s` ggmem pmr`s n` ggmv`s. Zmrm r`pr`s`ltmr gh eiseh n`ltrh
n` ul niooihlmrih,
@of`ehs ul vistmzh.thnh gh qu` l`o`sitmehs `s or`mr ulh. ¸Oÿeh gh fmo`ehs8
meiah 5 {
  "lhedr`"; "Kme`s",
  "`nmn"; ?:,
  "Ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh"; "kme`sJnhemil.ohe",
  "Ohof`"; "^`sgm ^="
}
 
N`ciliehs ul niooihlmrih usmlnh ggmv`s. Mýmniehs omnm pmr oheh s` eu`strm
 

mrridm ohl nhs pulths `l `g e`nih. Ps` ulm ohem pmrm s`pmrmr ghs `g`e`lths
`ltr` så. Mfhrm, ti`l`s ul niooihlmrih ggmemnh 'meiah' y pu`n`s moo`n`r m gm
ilchremoiÿl cíoige`lt`.
Mfhrm, pmrm ggmemr mg ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh, usmr`ehs ohrof`t`s oheh s` eu`strm
mquå;
meiah 5 {
  "lhedr`"; "Kme`s",
  "`nmn"; ?:,
  "ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh"; "kme`sJnhemil.ohe",
  "ohof`"; "^`sgm ^="
}
prilt(meiahR"ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh"U)
 
_mginm;
me`sJnhemil.ohe
 
N`g eiseh ehnh, ilt`ltm r`ohrnmr ghs htrhs `g`e`lths pmrm prhdmrghs tû eiseh.
Plm v`z eís, g`s r`ou`rnh qu` Zytfhl `s s`lsidg` m gms emyûsougms y
eilûsougms. _i r`ou`rnms "`nmn" oheh "@nmn", lh culoihlmrí `l mdshguth.
_uphlamehs qu` n`s`m r`ohrnmr ul `g`e`lth sil ohlho`r ghs pmr`s n` t`ogms n`
ul niooihlmrih. _i t`og`ms ulm t`ogm ggmemnm 'nhd', `g prharmem t` n`vhgv`rí ul
`rrhr oheh `st`;
Tmstr`h (gm ûgtiem ggmemnm eís r`oi`lt`);
Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/Gists4.py", gål`m 1, `l
7eÿnugh<
  prilt(cri`lnR"nhd"U)
B`y@rrhr; "nhd
 
Fmy ulm chrem n` oheprhdmr ghs vmghr`s sil qu` `g prharmem t` arit` ohl cu`lt`s
rhkms/rhsmnms. Psm `g eéthnh .a`t() `l su guamr y `g prharmem siepg`e`lt` nirí
'Lhl`', qu` r`pr`s`ltm gm mus`loim n` vmghr.
^mediél pu`n` nmr m oumgqui`r pmr n` ogmv`s, qu` pu`n` lh fmd`r `xistinh mlt`s,
ul vmghr phr n`c`oth tmediél.
 

meiah 5 {
  "lhedr`"; "Kme`s",
  "`nmn"; ?:,
  "Ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh"; "kme`sJnhemil.ohe",
  "Ohof`"; "^`sgm ^="
}
prilt(cri`ln.a`t("nhd", "=, =, =9::"))
 
_mginm;
=, =, =9::
 
M nic`r`loim n` gms tupgms, `l r`mginmn pu`n`s mýmnir, ehniciomr h omedimr
vmghr`s n`ltrh n` ul niooihlmrih. Ym t` f` ehstrmnh oÿeh fmo`rgh ohl gms gistms,
p`rh sÿgh pmrm n`ehstrmrgh, mquå ti`l`s ulm chrem n` fmo`rgh.
meiahR"`nmn"U 5 3:
prilt(meiahR"`nmn"U)
 
_mginm;
3:
 
Mfhrm, `sh lh cu` tml emgh, ¸v`rnmn8 @sth `lthlo`s t`reilm lu`strh vimk` mg
eulnh n` gms gistms, tupgms y niooihlmrihs. @s vitmg qu` pr`st` euofm mt`loiÿl m
`sths ym qu` l`o`sitmrí usmr mgaulhs n` `gghs, si lh thnhs m gm v`z, eís m e`lunh
n` gh qu` s` iemailm. Oumlth eís prmotiqu` y s` cmeigimrio` ohl gms gistms, tupgms
y niooihlmrihs, eís cíoig s`rí or`mr mgaulhs prharmems ilor`ådg`s y ohniciomr `l
oÿniahs `cioi`lt`s mg eiseh ti`eph.
 
 

 
 

Ompåtugh 1. Culoihl`s
Ohe`lzmehs sil omsi lilaûl ohlhoiei`lth pr`vih shdr` Zytfhl, `xo`pth phr
ulm pistm `l
n`emlnm n` `sths
qu` `rm ulmMfhrm,
nåms. `sp`oi`eår`ls`2
n` g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl
or`mlnh qu` `stí
prharmems siepg`s, `l arml
`k`outmlnh
oÿniahs y mrr`agmlnh prhdg`ems n` p`qu`ým `somgm phr su ou`ltm. ¡Lh `stí lmnm
emg! _il `edmrah, `g mpr`lnizmk` si`epr` gg`am m ul pulth `l `g qu` gms ohsms s`
pu`n`l phl`r eís nicåoig`s.
N` eml`rm sieigmr, gms culoihl`s shl ohsms n` msp`oth nÿoig2 gms ggmems oumlnh
l`o`sitms fmo`r mgah. ¸Z`rh smdåms qu` `stms culoihl`s ti`l`l tmlth qu` v`r ohl gm
pmrt` n` mtrís8 Iemailm omnm culoiÿl oheh ul eili-prharmem. ^mediél `stí
`sorith phr prharmemnhr`s oheh lhshtrhs pmrm gg`vmr m omdh ohsms `sp`oåcioms sil
t`l`r qu` `soridir gål`ms y gål`ms n` oÿniahs. _ÿgh gh fmo`s ulm v`z, gh aumrnms
oheh ulm culoiÿl y gu`ah sÿgh ggmems m gm culoiÿl nhln` `s mpgiomdg` h
l`o`smrim.
Fm gg`amnh `g ehe`lth n` qu` lhs sue`rkmehs `l ul ohepg`kh eulnh n`
culoihl`s `l `g qu` lh sÿgh mpr`ln`ehs m utigizmrgms `ciomze`lt`, silh qu`
tmediél ilv`stiamehs gh qu` fmy n`trís n` `stms culoihl`s, y oÿeh phn`ehs
or`mr lu`strm prhpim culoiÿl p`rshlmgizmnm. @sth s`rí ul phoh n`smcimlt`, p`rh
prhe`th qu` fmy eís r`c`r`loims qu` niscrutmríl pmrm emlt`l`r `g iepugsh.
@lt`ln`r e`khr gms culoihl`s
Gms culoihl`s shl oheh ohlt`l`nhr`s qu` mgemo`lml gål`ms y gål`ms n` oÿniahs
n`ltrh n` så eisehs, mg iaumg qu` ulm vmrimdg` qu` ohlti`l` ul vmghr `sp`oåcioh.
Fmy nhs tiphs
prie`rms `stíln`ilohrphrmnms
culoihl`s ohl
h gms qu` t`l`ehs
pr`n`cilinms, gmsqu` ginimr
htrms shln`ltrh n` Zytfhl.
culoihl`s f`ofmsGmsm
e`ninm h or`mnms phr `g usumrih.
N` oumgqui`r eml`rm, omnm culoiÿl ti`l` ulm tmr`m `sp`oåciom qu` pu`n` gg`vmr m
omdh. @g oÿniah qu` s` `sorid` mlt`s n` or`mr oumgqui`r culoiÿl `s gh qu` g` nm m
`sm culoiÿl ulm in`ltinmn y ulm tmr`m. Mfhrm, gm culoiÿl smd` gh qu` ti`l` qu`
fmo`r omnm v`z qu` `s ggmemnm.
Oumlnh ohe`lzmehs lu`strh vimk`, `soridiehs "¡Gh gharé!" `l gm ohlshgm oheh
lu`strh prie`r prharmem... ^mediél usmehs lu`strm prie`rm culoiÿl mggå; gm
culoiÿl prilt(). Gms culoihl`s s` in`lticioml a`l`rmge`lt` ohl pmrélt`sis qu`

siau`l mg lhedr`
ggmemnhs n` gm Mgaulms
pmríe`trhs. culoiÿl. culoihl`s
N`ltrh n` `sths pmrélt`sis,
mo`ptml ul oi`rthpmsmehs
tiph n`mraue`lths
pmrélt`sis
 

ei`ltrms qu` htrms mo`ptml htrhs nic`r`lt`s.

Eir`ehs ul phoh eís prhculnh y v`mehs oÿeh gms culoihl`s lhs myunml
`lhre`e`lt` m r`nuoir lu`strh trmdmkh y m hramlizmr e`khr lu`strhs oÿniahs.
Iemailm, t`l`ehs ul prharmem qu` s` `k`outm nurmlt` ulm trmlseisiÿl `l vivh
n` ul `v`lth. @g prhpÿsith n`g prharmem `s prhphroihlmr m lu`strhs usumrihs ul
smgunh p`rshlmgizmnh. Iemailm ouíltms v`o`s t`lnråms qu` `soridir `g eiseh
oÿniah ulm y htrm v`z si fudi`rm dmstmlt`s usumrihs qu` n`oini`rml ulirs` m tu
trmlseisiÿl. Ohl gms culoihl`s, pu`n`s r`nuoir tu prhpih trmdmkh cíoige`lt`.
Zmrm phn`r or`mr ulm culoiÿl, prie`rh t`l`ehs qu` "n`cilir" gm eisem. Mfå `s
nhln` mpmr`o` ulm pmgmdrm ogmv` ggmemnm 'n`c'. Oumlnh `epi`zms m `soridir 'n`c'
Zytfhl ile`nimtme`lt` smd` qu` `stís m pulth n` n`cilir ulm culoiÿl. S`rís qu`
`g ohghr n` gms tr`s g`trms omedim m lmrmlkm (si utigizms ZyOfmre oheh IN@). @sm
`s htrm s`ýmg n` ohlciremoiÿl n` qu` Zytfhl smd` gh qu` `stís m pulth n` fmo`r.
n`c niXfhgm();

 Mquå, niXfhgm `s `g lhedr` ohl `g qu` f` n`oininh ir, pu`n`s `g`air `g qu`
pr`ci`rms. T`ou`rnm, emltél tu lhedr` n`soriptivh pmrm qu` s`m ohepr`lsidg` y
cíoig n` g``r pmrm oumgqui`rm. N`spués n` lhedrmr tu culoiÿl, siau` ohl
pmrélt`sis. Zhr ûgtieh, mýmn` `g vi`kh y meisthsh nhs pulths pmrm qu` Zytfhl
s`pm qu` `stmehs m pulth n` mýmnir ul dghqu` n` oÿniah. Zr`sihlm `lt`r pmrm
ohe`lzmr ulm lu`vm gål`m smlarmnm.
Mfhrm, ieprieir`ehs nhs n`ogmrmoihl`s pmrm omnm usumrih qu` s` ulirí m gm
ohrri`lt`.
prilt("Fhgm!")
prilt('¡Di`lv`linh m ei trmlseisiÿl `l vivh!')
N`spués n` `sth, nmg` nhs gål`ms n` `spmoih pmrm quitmr `sms gål`ms hlnugmnms qu`
mpmr`o`l `l `g ehe`lth `l qu` `epi`zm m `soridir mgah eís. Mfhrm, pmrm
ieprieir `sth cíoige`lt`, sÿgh ggmem m gm culoiÿl `soridi`lnh su lhedr` y
`k`outm `g prharmem. @l lu`strh omsh, s`råm;
niXfhgm()
_mginm;
¡Fhgm!
¡Di`lv`linh m ei trmlseisiÿl `l vivh!
 
 

¸S`s gh cíoig qu` `sth pu`n` culoihlmr pmrm lhshtrhs `l `g cuturh8 Lh t`l`ehs
qu` r`p`tir `sth ulm y htrm v`z. Fmamehs `stm culoiÿl ul phoh eís ilt`r`smlt`
nílnhg` ul pmríe`trh. ¸Kusth `l gm gål`m sup`rihr, nhln` nio` "n`c niXfhgm()"8
Mýmnmehs ul pmríe`trh mquå. @soridm gm pmgmdrm "lhedr`" oheh ul pmríe`trh
n`ltrh n`g pmrélt`sis. Mfhrm, gm pmgmdrm n`d`råm `stmr `l aris pmrm ohlciremr qu`
Zytfhl fm `lt`lninh gh eiseh oheh ul pmríe`trh.
Mfhrm, pu`n`s usmr `sth m tu cmvhr y p`rshlmgizmr mûl eís ghs smgunhs m mgah
oheh `sth;
n`c niXfhgm(lhedr`);
  prilt(c"Fhgm, {usumrih}!")
  prilt('¡Di`lv`linh m ei trmlseisiÿl `l vivh!')
 
usumrih 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` pmrm `ep`zmr; ")
niXfhgm(usumrih)
 
Gm smginm mfhrm pr`aultmråm mg usumrih shdr` su lhedr`. @sth s` mgemo`lmrí `l
ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm usumrih. Nmnh qu` s` trmtm n` ul vmghr n` omn`lm, niXfhgm()
n`d`råm phn`r mo`ptmrgh cíoige`lt`. Mg pmsmr 'usumrih' oheh mraue`lth,
hdt`l`ehs `sth oheh smginm;
Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` pmrm `ep`zmr; Khflly
¡Fhgm, Khflly!
¡Di`lv`linh m ei trmlseisiÿl `l vivh!

 ¡@sh `stí e`khr! Z`rshlmgizmnh m gm p`rc`ooiÿl. Zhn`ehs mýmnir tmltms gål`ms

oheh qu`rmehs, gm culoiÿl s`auirí motumgizílnhs` y prhphroihlmrí smgunhs m
vmrihs usumrihs ohl nic`r`lt`s lhedr`s.
Zu`n` qu` fmym ehe`lths `l ghs qu` l`o`sit` mgah eís qu` `g lhedr` n` pigm
n`g usumrih. Zu`n` qu` tmediél qui`rms pr`aultmr phr `g mp`gginh n`g usumrih.
Zmrm mýmnirgh, mýmn` `sth m gm prie`rm gål`m y siau` gh eiseh `l ohls`ou`loim;
n`c niXfhgm(lhedr`, mp`gginh);
  prilt(c"Fhgm, {lhedr`} {mp`gginh}!")
  prilt('¡Di`lv`linh m ei trmlseisiÿl `l vivh!')
 
 

 
lhedr` 5 ilput("Iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
mp`gginh 5 ilput("Ilar`sm tu mp`gginh; ")
niXfhgm(lhedr`, mp`gginh)
 
Mfhrm, `g prharmem ohe`lzmrí pr`aultmlnh mg usumrih su lhedr`, s`auinh n`g
mp`gginh. Plm v`z qu` `sth `sté hrn`lmnh, `g prharmem prhphroihlmrí ul smgunh
p`rshlmgizmnh ohl `g lhedr` y `g mp`gginh.
_il `edmrah, `sths shl mraue`lths phsioihlmg`s, gh qu` sialiciom qu` omnm vmghr
qu` s` iltrhnuo` `stí `l hrn`l. _i omedims gms phsioihl`s n` ghs lhedr`s pmrm
Khfl Nh`, Nh` s` ohlv`rtirí `l `g lhedr` y Khfl s` ohlv`rtirí `l `g mp`gginh.
Zu`n` qu` qui`rms s`r ul phoh ouinmnhsh ohl `sh.
Ohl su`rt`, mfhrm ti`l`s ulm du`lm in`m n` gh qu` shl gms culoihl`s y oÿeh
pu`n`s moo`n`r m `ggms y or`mrgms. Mfhrm, smgtmr`ehs m ul cr`lt` eís ohepg`kh n`
n`ogmrmoihl`s n` "r`thrlh".
"¡@sp`rm! ¸Fmy eís8" Zhnråm fmd`r `xpgiomnh `sth mlt`s, p`rh `lthlo`s, oumlnh
nisoutåmehs gms n`ogmrmoihl`s, pu`n` qu` lh gh `lt`lni`rms n`g thnh. Ym qu`
f`ehs oudi`rth thnms gms dms`s, `s gh sucioi`lt`e`lt` mprhpimnh pmrm qu` v`mehs
`xmotme`lt` gh qu` shl y oÿeh culoihlml.
N`ogmrmoiÿl n` n`vhguoiÿl
Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` r`thrlh shl ûtig`s oumlnh s` n`s`m or`mr culoihl`s ouyh
ûlioh trmdmkh `s n`vhgv`r mgaulhs vmghr`s. @sths pu`n`l s`r pmrm ghs usumrihs h
pmrm ghs prharmemnhr`s phr iaumg. @s euofh eís cíoig si fmo`ehs `sth `l guamr
n` fmdgmr n` t`hråms, mså qu` smgt`ehs m lu`strh ZyOfmre y or``ehs htrm culoiÿl.
Ohe`lo`ehs n`cili`lnh ulm culoiÿl ggmemnm "oudh" qu` dísiome`lt`
eugtipgiomrí `g lûe`rh phr så eiseh tr`s v`o`s. _il `edmrah, oheh qu`r`ehs
qu` Zytfhl n`vu`gvm ul vmghr, usmr`ehs `g siaui`lt` oÿniah;
n`c oudh(lued`r);
  r`turl lued`r* lued`r * lued`r
 
Mg `soridir 'r`turl' `stís ilchremlnh m Zytfhl qu` n`s`ms qu` t` n`vu`gvm ul
vmghr qu` eís tmrn` pu`n` s`r mgemo`lmnh `l ulm vmrimdg` h utigizmnh `l htrh

yguamr. @sn`vu`gv`.
lhs gh eís h e`lhs oheh gm culoiÿl ilput() nhln` ul usumrih iltrhnuo` mgah
 

n`c oudh(lued`r);
  r`turl lued`r * lued`r * lued`r
 
lued`r 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuoir `g lûe`rh; "))
prilt(oudh(lued`r))
 
Mn`gmlt`, pru`dm `g oÿniah pmrm v`r oÿeh culoihlm. Lh `s l`o`smrih qu`
n`cilmehs culoihl`s oheh `stms. Zu`n`s or`mr tus prhpims culoihl`s ohepg`kms
qu` ohlvi`rt`l ghs bighs `l gidrms, gms eiggms `l bigÿe`trhs, h ilogush gg`vmr m
omdh trmdmkhs euofh eís armln`s y ohepg`khs. @g ûlioh gåeit` `s tu
iemailmoiÿl. Oumlth eís prmotioms, eís `xpghrms.
Niofh `sth, `s fhrm n` n`sp`nirs` n`g eulnh n` gms culoihl`s y niriairs` m ghs
t`rrithrihs mvmlzmnhs n` Zytfhl. M `stms mgturms, ym ti`l`s thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms
smd`r pmrm `ep`zmr m `soridir tus prhpihs oÿniahs. Gh qu` mpr`lnms `l `g
prÿxieh ompåtugh t` myunmrí m gharmr ulm emyhr ohepr`lsiÿl y moo`sh m mgaulms
ohsms mshedrhsms qu` lh shl phsidg`s n` htrm eml`rm.
 
 

Ompåtugh 6. Ogms`s y eml`kh n`

`xo`poihl`s
N` ile`nimth, phr ogms`s, lh e` r`ci`rh m gms ogms`s r`augmr`s qu` s` `sp`rml `l
gms `sou`gms, ohg`aihs y uliv`rsinmn`s, li tmephoh qui`rh n`oir qu` fmym
oumginmn`s n` Zytfhl n` lilaulm eml`rm2 shl ohsms ohepg`tme`lt` nic`r`lt`s.
Gms ogms`s lh shl `xogusivms n` Zytfhl, p`rh shl tml iephrtmlt`s oheh oumgqui`r
htrm ohsm pmrm oumgqui`r prharmemnhr n`g eulnh. _` `lou`ltrml `l omsi thnhs ghs
g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl ohlhoinhs.
@l gm n`cilioiÿl eís siepg`, gms ogms`s shl gh qu` usmehs pmrm n`cilir ghs lu`vhs
tiphs n` nmths qu` utigizmehs. Nik` qu` fmdåm tr`s mg priloipih, omn`lms, lûe`rhs
y dhhg`mlhs. Gu`ah lhs `lohltrmehs ohl ohsms ul phoh eís ohepg`kms ggmemnms

gistms, tupgms
r`sugtmnh y niooihlmrihs.
n`s`mnh ¸Z`rh
n`g prharmem quéqu`
`l `g pmsm
fmssi`stmnh
thnmvåm lh pu`n`s
trmdmkmlnh hdt`l`r
nurmlt` `g
tmlth
ti`eph8 ¸]ué pmsm si si`lt`s qu` n`d` fmd`r mgah eís mpmrt` n` `sths tiphs qu`
pu`nm myunmrt` m ohls`auir emyhr`s r`sugtmnhs8 Mchrtulmnme`lt`, gms ogms`s shl
tu r`spu`stm.
Plm ogms` pu`n` t`l`r vmrims culoihl`s y eéthnhs n`ltrh n` så eisem. Lh
l`o`sitm pmrélt`sis oheh culoihl`s y eéthnhs, li ghs or`mehs usmlnh gm pmgmdrm
ogmv` "n`c". @stms s` or`ml usmlnh gm pmgmdrm 'ogmss' y pu`n`l s`r sûp`r ûtig`s,
`sp`oimge`lt` pmrm ghs prharmemnhr`s ohl ul arml ilt`rés `l gm prharmemoiÿl
hri`ltmnm m hdk`ths.

Or`mlnhn`lu`strm
Mlt`s `ep`zmrprie`rm ogms`ulm ogms`, h culoiÿl h oumgqui`r htrh tiph n`
m or`mr
ohephl`lt`, si`epr` visumgizm gh qu` qui`r`s hdt`l`r n` ég. Fmo` gms ohsms
euofh eís cíoig`s pmrm ti oheh prharmemnhr.
@l `st` ehe`lth, pu`n` qu` `stés `l dgmloh y qu` `stés guofmlnh phr or`mr ulm
ogms`. Nékme` myunmrt` ohl ulm. Smehs m or`mr ulm ogms` m gm qu` qu`r`ehs qu`
s` g` msial`l culoihl`s y eéthnhs `sp`oåciohs. ]u`r`ehs qu` `stm ogms` fmam
ohsms qu` htrhs tiphs n` nmths lh puni`rhl fmo`r.
Lh vhy m or`mr lmnm qu` pu`nm qu`nmr cu`rm n`g mgomlo` n` `st` gidrh, mså qu` gh
qu` t`lah mquå `s mgah qu` `s cíoige`lt` ohepr`lsidg`. _il `edmrah, fmy
mgaulms
n`gid`rmnmohsms qu` t`lams
pmrm qu` pu`n`l themrt`
thnms phr shrpr`sm,
gms phsidiginmn`s p`rh shl
n` `lt`ln`r n`shl.
gh qu` lmturmg`zm
 

Ilstruothr n` gm ogms`;
  n`c XXilitXX(s`gc, lme`);
  s`gc.lme` 5 lme`
 
n`c tmgb (s`gc);
  prilt("tmgb")
 
e` 5 Ilstruothr("B`mlu T``v`s")
prilt(e`.lme`)
e`.tmgb()
 
Gh prie`rh qu` fmy qu` lhtmr `s gm ohlv`loiÿl n` lhedr`s qu` f` usmnh pmrm
lhedrmrqu`
pmgmdrm gm ogms`.
pu`nm _i`epr` us`lhedrmr
`soridir mg ulm emyûsougm pmrm
ulm ogms`. gm prie`rm
^mephoh g`trm n` omnm
`s l`o`smrih usmr
auihl`s dmkhs pmrm s`pmrmr gms pmgmdrms. _i lhedrmrms m `stm ogms` oheh tu
prie`rm ogms`, s` v`råm mså;
ogms` EyCirstOgmss
 
M ohltilumoiÿl, t`l`ehs gm ohlhoinm pmgmdrm ogmv` "n`c". Z`rh, ¸qué fmy n` ghs
nhdg`s auihl`s dmkhs y `g ilit8 Zu`n` qu` ym s` fmyml nmnh ou`ltm n` `sth
oumlnh ggmemrhl m ghs eéthnhs. @sths s` ggmeml ohlstruothr`s. Zhr mfhrm, thnh gh
qu` l`o`sitms smd`r `s qu` ghs ggmemehs pmrm ilioimr mgah.
@lthlo`s, t`l`ehs ul pmríe`trh qu` nio` "s`gc" y yh lh gh pus` mfå. @s mgah qu`
mpmr`o`rí mutheítiome`lt`. Dísiome`lt` s` r`ci`r` m så eiseh. _ÿgh f`ehs
mýmninh htrh pmríe`trh ggmemnh "lme`" pmrm p`reitirlhs usmr omn`lms oheh
lhedr`s pmrm ehstrmr. M ohltilumoiÿl, g` niehs mg hdk`th ul mtriduth ggmemnh
"lme`" oheh s` vih mlt`rihre`lt`. Ghs mtriduths shl l`o`smrihs pmrm
prhphroihlmr m sus culoihl`s ul emyhr n`tmgg`.
Gm siaui`lt` culoiÿl `s dmstmlt` siepg`. Momdmehs n` or`mr ulm culoiÿl ggmemnm
"tmgb" y g` p`niehs m Zytfhl qu` iepriei`rm gh eiseh `l `g prhept.
Mvmlzmlnh h dmkmlnh nhs `spmoihs, or`mehs ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm "e`" ohl ul
vmghr msialmnh n` gm ogms` qu` momdmehs n` or`mr. Cåkmt` `l oÿeh f` usmnh gm
ogms` oheh ulm culoiÿl (ohl pmrélt`sis). _` pr`aultmríl qu` momdh n` n`oir fmo`
ulhs ehe`lths qu` gms ogms`s lh l`o`sitml pmrélt`sis, y sil `edmrah, ghs `sthy
 

usmlnh mquå. Oumlnh `stís n`cili`lnh ogms`s, lh ghs l`o`sitms2 sil `edmrah,
oumlnh ghs `stís usmlnh, l`o`sitmrís ohlcimr `l `gghs pmrm pmsmr ilchremoiÿl
mnioihlmg.
Mfhrm, ohl `g ohemlnh n` iepr`siÿl gisth, usé ei ogms` r`oiél or`mnm pmrm
ilvhomr ul mtriduth n` '.lme`', qu` or`é n`ltrh n` `stm ogms`. @sth p`reit` qu` `g
ohemlnh iepriem `g lhedr`, s`auinh n` gm ûgtiem culoiÿl, qu` `rm htrm v`z htrm
n`ogmrmoiÿl n` iepr`siÿl oheh s` n`ciliÿ mlt`rihre`lt`.
Gms ogms`s shl a`l`rmge`lt` or`mnms pmrm qu` htrhs hdk`ths pu`nml s`r or`mnhs
usmlnh `stms ogms`s. Iemailm nhs p`rshlmk`s, ^hly y _t`v`. ]u`r`ehs qu` omnm
ulh n` `gghs s`m ul hdk`th ohl nic`r`lt`s mtriduths oheh `g lhedr`, gm `nmn y `g
ohghr n`g trmk`. Zmrm `ggh, prie`rh t`lnr`ehs qu` or`mr ulm ogms`. _iamehs
mn`gmlt` y fmaíehsgh.
Férh`s n` gm ogms`;
  n`c XXilitXX (s`gc, lme`, ma`, ohghr);
  s`gc.lme` 5 lhedr`
  s`gc.ma` 5 `nmn
  s`gc.ohghr 5 ohghr
 
n`c iltrhnuo`Xs`gc(s`gc);
  prilt("Ei lhedr` `s " + s`gc.lme`)
  prilt(c"^`lah ulhs {s`gc.ma`} mýhs ")
  prilt("@g ohghr n` ei niscrmz `s " + s`gc.ohghr)

 
f`rh= 5 F`rh`s("_t`v`", >:, "mzug")
f`rh4 5 F`rh`s("^hly", ?6, "Thkh")
 
F`rh=.iltrhnuo`Xs`gc()
F`rh 4.iltrhnuo`Xs`gc().
 
_mginm;
Ei lhedr` `s _t`v`
 

^`lah ulhs >: mýhs

@g ohghr n` ei trmk` `s mzug
Ei lhedr` `s ^hly
^`lah ulhs ?6 mýhs.
@g ohghr n` ei trmk` `s rhkh
 
@ep`zmehs lhedrmlnh lu`strms ogms`s, mprhpimnme`lt`. Gu`ah or`mehs ul
ohlstruothr pmrm myunmrlhs m or`mr vmrihs mtriduths m ghs qu` phn`ehs r`ourrir
eís tmrn`. Mlt`s n` fmo`rgh, ms`aûrmt` n` qu` pmsms `shs pmríe`trhs n`spués n`
"s`gc" pmrm qu` s`ml r`ohlhoidg`s phr `g iltérpr`t` n`g prharmem. N`spués n`
n`cilir ghs mtriduths y msialmrg`s vmghr`s, or`mehs ulm culoiÿl ggmemnm
'iltrhnuo`Xs`gc' `l gm qu` fioiehs ieprieir tr`s n`ogmrmoihl`s. Cåkmt` `l oÿeh gm
s`aulnm `s ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm. @sth s` n`d` m qu` gm `nmn `s ul lûe`rh
`lt`rh, y lh culoihlmrí si ilt`ltms cusihlmr ulm omn`lm y ul lûe`rh `lt`rh phr så
shghs.
Plm v`z hrn`lmnhs y c`gio`s, pmsmehs m or`mr hdk`ths ggmemnhs "f`rh=" y
"f`rh4" n` gm eisem ogms`. Mfhrm, `l guamr n` `soridir `stm ilchremoiÿl phr
s`pmrmnh, sÿgh pmsmehs gm ilchremoiÿl oheh mraue`lths `l gm ogms` 'F`rh`s()'.
M ohltilumoiÿl, `k`outmehs ulm culoiÿl qu` or`mehs mlt`rihre`lt` y `g r`sth
cu` siepg`e`lt` fisthrim.
_é qu` `sth pu`n` s`r ul phoh ohepgiomnh mg priloipih. Gms ogms`s shl ulm
emt`rim qu` lhremge`lt` `s mptm pmrm `stunimlt`s mvmlzmnhs n` Zytfhl, p`rh `s
`s`loimg qu` tû, oheh prharmemnhr, lh n`k`s n` p`lsmr qu` gh smd`s thnh y t`
pi`rnms mgaulms n` gms hphrtulinmn`s n` mpr`lnizmk` eís mvmlzmnms. Gms ogms`s
n` em`stråm themríl dmstmlt` ti`eph. Pl ompåtugh h ilogush ul gidrh phnråm lh
s`r sucioi`lt` pmrm nmrt` `g nheilih p`rc`oth n` gms ogms`s y mgaulhs htrhs
msp`oths n` gm prharmemoiÿl. Ei ilt`loiÿl `rm iltrhnuoirt` `l `st` vmsth eulnh
n` t`ems mvmlzmnhs. Gm chrem `l qu` prmotiqu`l ` ilv`stiau`l shdr` `gghs `s
mdshgutme`lt` su n`oisiÿl.
Eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s
¸]ué shl `xmotme`lt` gms `xo`poihl`s8 ¸Zhr qué lh lhs f`ehs `lohltrmnh ohl
`sth fmstm mfhrm8 Du`lh, gh f`ehs f`ofh, h mg e`lhs pu`n` qu` t`lams euofh
ti`eph p`rh lulom gh fmdåms lhtmnh mlt`s. Or`mr oumgqui`r prharmem pmrm fmo`r
qu` s` `str`gg` n`gid`rmnme`lt`. Mquå fmy ulh qu` f` or`mnh;
lme` 5 "Druo` Qmyl`"
 

ma`5 >0
prilt(lme` + ma`)
 
_mginm;
^rmo`dmob (gm ûgtiem ggmemnm eís r`oi`lt`);
Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/`xo`poiÿl.py", gål`m
?, `l 7eÿnugh<
  prilt(lme` + ma`)
^yp`@rrhr; oml hlgy ohlomt`lmt` str (lht "ilt") th str
 
Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` =
 

¸S`s `g `rrhr8t`reilÿ
`g prharmem Lh `g n`g
ohle`nih, `l r`mginmn
ul oÿniah n` smginme`s`auinh
r`ci`rhn`g
m gmlûe`rh
ûgtiem ulh.
gål`m.@s`
Nio` qu`
"ulh"
lhs ilchrem n` qu` mgah smgiÿ emg y `g prharmem t`reilÿ `l ul ofhqu` h t`reilÿ
mdruptme`lt`. _i `g oÿniah cu`rm o`rh, sialiciområm qu` lu`strh oÿniah pmsÿ y s`
`k`outÿ emrmvigghsme`lt`.
Lhshtrhs, oheh prharmemnhr`s n` Zytfhl, `stmehs hdgiamnhs m smd`r oumlnh
tmg`s `rrhr`s `stíl m pulth n` gg`amr. _` ggmem mltioipmrs`, y `s mgah qu` ym
n`d`råms fmd`r f`ofh oumlnh nio`s gms prie`rms tr`s gål`ms n` ei ûgtieh oÿniah.
@g prhdg`em `s qu` lhshtrhs ghs prharmemnhr`s smdråmehs gh qu` `st` oÿniah
sialiciom. Zmrm oumgqui`r usumrih hrnilmrih, lh t`lnråml li in`m n` gh qu` `sth
sialiciom
`lohltrmr yult`reilmråml dusomlnhgh `l
vån`h qu` `xpgiqu` qu`gms didgiht`oms
sialiciom n` Yhu^ud`,
`g oÿniah n` `rrhr =.sÿgh
Fmy pmrm
ulm
chrem n` mdhrnmr `stm situmoiÿl, y s` ggmem eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s.
Mlt`s n` `ep`zmr, r`ou`rn` `g t`xth `l l`aritm qu` nio` "^yp`@rrhr" `l lu`strh
`rrhr qu` hourriÿ fmo` ul ehe`lth. L`o`sitmr`ehs r`ohrnmr `sh ul phoh eís
tmrn`.
@g eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s `s oumlnh g` n`oiehs m ul prharmem qu` pru`d`  ul
dghqu` n` oÿniah y v`m si `g eiseh culoihlm di`l. _i lh, mltioipm `g tiph n` `rrhr
qu` hdt`lnrís. _mgvh qu` s` eu`str` ulm ohlshgm igueilmnm ohl amgiemtåms, g`
n`oiehs m Zytfhl qu` iepriem ul t`xth cíoig n` usmr qu` r`mge`lt` sialiciqu`
mgah. Lh s`ghpr`houp`
`xmotme`lt` phr gmsmfhrm.
qu` g` ehstrmré pmgmdrms "pru`d`" y "smgvh" phrqu` `sh `s
 

 
Iltéltmgh;
  lme`5 "Druo` Qmyl`;"
  ma` 5 >0
  prilt(lme` + ma`)
`xo`pt ^yp`@rrhr;
  prilt("Zhr cmvhr, usm ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm h ohlvi`rt` gm `nmn `l ulm
omn`lm")
 
Momdmehs n` p`nirg` m Zytfhl qu` prie`rh pru`d` ulm situmoiÿl. _i `g oÿniah s`
`k`outm sil n`vhgv`r lilaûl `rrhr, `stí di`l. _i lh, `soridirí ul e`lsmk` meisthsh
pmrm qu` ghs usumrihs s`pml qué fmo`r pmrm `vitmrgh. @sth `vitmrí qu` gm
mpgiomoiÿl s` dghqu`` y emlt`lnrí m ghs usumrihs ilchremnhs n` ghs `rrhr`s qu`
pu`nml
hdt`l`ehs.fmd`r ohe`tinh. Mfhrm, ilt`lt`ehs y `k`out`ehs `sth pmrm v`r qué
Zhr cmvhr, usm ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm h ohlvi`rt` gm `nmn `l ulm omn`lm
 
Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` :
 
N`sn` qu` supiehs qu` lhs `lohltrídmehs ohl ul '^yp`@rrhr' momdmehs n`
r`oticiomr gm situmoiÿl y mfhrm eirm2 `g prharmem t`reilÿ ohl ul oÿniah n` smginm
n` o`rh. Ymy!
¡Mquå fmy mgah qu` n`d`s smd`r! Gm `xo`poiÿl qu` f`ehs or`mnh mquå sÿgh s`
r`ci`r` m ul tiph `sp`oåcioh n` `rrhr. _i `st` `rrhr cu`rm Smgu`@rrhr, `g oÿniah lh
s` `k`outmrí y `g prharmem s`auirí cmggmlnh.
Mg iaumg qu` "`gic" qu` usmehs `l `g ompåtugh n` gm n`ogmrmoiÿl "ic", pu`n`s
mýmnir tmlths oÿniahs "`xo`pt" oheh qui`rms pmrm omptmr tmg`s ou`stihl`s y
mdhrnmrgms `l ohls`ou`loim.
S`mehs oÿeh culoihlm `sh tmediél, ¸så8
Iltéltmgh;
  ma` 5 >0

  ma`= 5 :
  mv`rma` 5 ma` / ma`=
 

  prilt(mv`ra`)
`xo`pt ^yp`@rrhr;
  prilt("Zhr cmvhr, usm ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm h ohlvi`rt` gm `nmn `l ulm
omn`lm")
 
¸]ué or``s qu` pmsmrí mquå8 ¸_`auirí `g prharmem8 ¸_`råm ompmz `st` prharmem
n` omptmr gm `xo`poiÿl qu` phnråm s`r omusmnm, `l omsh n` qu` `g prharmem
n`oinm ohgmpsmr8 Mv`ria֎ehsgh.
^rmo`dmob (gm ûgtiem ggmemnm eís r`oi`lt`);
Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/`xo`poiÿl.py", gål`m
>, `l 7eÿnugh<
  prhe`nih 5 `nmn / `nmn=
[`rhNivisihl@rrhr; nivisihl dy z`rh
 
Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` =
 
@sh `rm n` `sp`rmr. Oheh gm `xo`poiÿl omusmnm mquå `s nic`r`lt` n` gm qu`
f`ehs or`mnh mlt`s, siepg`e`lt` pmsÿ y s` `str`ggÿ. @s fhrm n` phl`r lu`strhs
gåeit`s n` p`lsmei`lth y p`lsmr `l ulm `xo`poiÿl pmrm eml`kmr `stm situmoiÿl.
Iltéltmgh;
  ma` 5 >0
  ma`= 5 :
  mv`rma` 5 ma` / ma`=
  prilt(mv`rma`)
`xo`pt [`rhNivisihl@rrhr;
  prilt("¡Zhr `g mehr n` Nihs! ¸]uiél nivin` ul lûe`rh ohl ul :8")
`xo`pt ^yp`@rrhr;
  prilt("Zhr cmvhr, usm ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm h ohlvi`rt` gm `nmn `l ulm
omn`lm")
 
¸]ué
smginm pi`lsms
n` =8 mfhrm8 ¸Culoihlmrí `sth h mûl mså t`reilmr`ehs ohl ul oÿniah n`
 

¡Zhr `g mehr n` Nihs! ¸]uiél nivin` ul lûe`rh ohl ul :8

 
Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` :
 
¡Y mså `s oheh s` fmo` `sth! Mfhrm, thnh `g eulnh smd` gh qu` smgiÿ emg y oÿeh
pu`n`l ohrr`air `g `rrhr qu` pu`n`l fmd`r omusmnh ilvhgultmrime`lt`.
@s ulm `sp`oi` n` rmsah `g t`l`r qu` s`r ompmz n` mltioipmrs` m ghs `rrhr`s qu` s`
pr`s`lt`l n` mlt`emlh. Si`l` ohl gm príotiom, p`rh `s oi`rtme`lt` ul rmsah qu`
n`d` t`l`r oumgqui`r prharmemnhr n` oumgqui`r riloÿl n`g eulnh.
Oumlth e`khr eml`k`s gms `xo`poihl`s, eís cíoig s`rí pmrm tus usumrihs `lohltrmr
`g prharmem/mpgiomoiÿl m utigizmr. @gghs smdríl gh qu` fmy qu` fmo`r, oÿeh
r`shgv`r ghs msulths, y oÿeh ohltilumr t`li`lnh ulm arml `xp`ri`loim ei`ltrms
usml sus prharmems `soriths.
@sth `s omsi thnh gh qu` l`o`sitmråm smd`r shdr` `g eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s. Mfhrm,
ym lh `stmrís mtmnh m ghs thlths `rrhr`s qu` siau`l mpmr`oi`lnh. Du`lh, mg e`lhs
tus usumrihs lh t`lnríl qu` `lcr`ltmrs` m `gghs n` thnms chrems. Or`m e`lsmk`s
pmrm tmg`s `xo`poihl`s qu` t`laml ul sialiciomnh pr`oish y `ltr`am ilchremoiÿl m
ghs usumrihs cilmg`s pmrm qu` lh t`laml qu` n`p`ln`r n` htrm p`rshlm pmrm
mv`riaumr gh qu` momdm n` smgir emg mquå. Zmrm ghs prharmemnhr`s, tmediél
pu`n`s mýmnir mgaulms lhtms n`ltrh n` tu oÿniah. Éstms lh s` v`l oheh pmrt` n`
ul oÿniah oumlnh s` `stíl `k`outmlnh. _` ggmeml ohe`ltmrihs y s` r`pr`s`ltml
ohl `g sialh #. Zmrm nmrt` ul `k`epgh, mquå fmy ulh;
Iltéltmgh;
  ma` 5 >0
  ma`= 5 : #Omedimr `stm `nmn phr htrm.
  mv`rma` 5 ma` / ma`= #pmrm mv`riaumr gm `nmn prhe`nih
  prilt(mv`rma`)
`xo`pt [`rhNivisihl@rrhr;
  prilt("¡Zhr `g mehr n` Nihs! ¸]uiél nivin` ul lûe`rh ohl ul :8")
`xo`pt ^yp`@rrhr;
  prilt("Zhr cmvhr, usm ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm h ohlvi`rt` gm `nmn `l ulm
omn`lm")
 
 

_i `k`outms `g prharmem, s`auirí culoihlmlnh lhremge`lt`. @stms shl lhtms qu`

`lohltrmrí `l dmstmlt`s prharmems, y pu`n` qu` ym fmym visth mgaulhs. @s ulm
du`lm in`m usmrgms si n`s`ms ohepmrtir tu prharmem y oÿniah ohl htrhs
prharmemnhr`s h usumrihs.
Niofh `sth, `s fhrm n` t`reilmr ohl `sth y pmsmr m lu`strm ûgtiem crhlt`rm. ^`
`sp`rmré `l `g ompåtugh 9.
 
 

Ompåtugh 9. F`r`loim, eÿnughs y

pmqu`t`s
@g vimk` fmstm mfhrm fm `stmnh gg`lh n` mgtidmkhs. Fudh ohsms qu` pu`n`s fmd`r
mltioipmnh y gu`ah fudh ohsms qu` lh mltioipmrhl `l mdshguth. Fms mpr`lninh
thnh gh qu` ul priloipimlt` n`d`råm smd`r, y n` f`ofh fioist` ul trmdmkh driggmlt`
r`mgizmlnh ghs `k`roioihs phr tu ou`ltm, ehniciomlnh oi`rths msp`oths pmrm
`xp`rie`ltmr ohl ZyOfmre y Zytfhl, ¡drmvh!
# Msueh qu` gh fioist`, ¸v`rnmn8
F`ehs pmsmnh `g pulth nhln` gm emyhråm n` ghs priloipimlt`s t`reilml y f`ehs
pmsmnh m liv`g`s mvmlzmnhs n` Zytfhl. Ym lhs f`ehs `lohltrmnh ohl `g ohlcush
eulnh n` gms ogms`s y `g eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s. N`spués n` t`l`r ul ohlo`pth
tmlqué
n` vmahs`n` `sh,gm`s
trmtm fhrm n` ghs
f`r`loim, qu`eÿnughs
lhs ehvmehs m lu`strmphr
y ghs pmqu`t`s, ûgtiem
qué crhlt`rm y v`mehsy
ghs l`o`sitmehs
oÿeh phn`ehs usmrghs `l Zytfhl pmrm fmo`r lu`strm prharmemoiÿl eís `c`otivm
y cíoig.
F`r`loim - ¡Omsi oheh su`lm!
_å, `sh `s oi`rth. N` f`ofh shl omsi iaumg`s `l sialiciomnh. Gm f`r`loim lh `s eís
qu` ul e`omliseh pmrm r`utigizmr `g oÿniah ulm y htrm v`z.
"Pee... ¸Lh `rm `sh culoihl`s8"
Zu`n` qu` qui`rms mc`rrmrt` m `s` p`lsmei`lth phr mfhrm. Plm v`z qu` s` lhs
pr`s`lt` chremge`lt` gm f`r`loim, gm r`spu`stm s`rí gh sucioi`lt`e`lt` hdvim
oheh pmrm v`r `l qué nici`r` n` gms culoihl`s h eéthnhs h duog`s.
Gm f`r`loim `s ulm chrem n` `vitmr r`p`tirs`, `soridi`lnh gms eisems ohsms ulm y
htrm v`z. ¸Oÿeh8 _uphlamehs qu` n`s`mehs or`mr ulm ogms` ggmemnm Omrs. G`
nmehs ulm culoiÿl ggmemnm sp``n, ouyh hdk`tivh priloipmg `s ieprieir gm pmgmdrm
"cmst" `l gm ohlshgm.
 @l ulm situmoiÿl n` gm vinm r`mg, lh s` trmtmrí n` ulm h nhs gål`ms n` oÿniahs
mrm n`cilir ulm culoiÿl. @stmrís eml`kmlnh eûgtipg`s gål`ms sÿgh pmrm ulm
culoiÿl.
Mfhrm, n`s`mehs or`mr htrm ogms` ggmemnm Dib`s. ^mediél qu`r`ehs nmrg` gm
eisem culoiÿl n` v`ghoinmn ` ieprieir `g eiseh e`lsmk` nioi`lnh gh eiseh.
Mfhrm, si r``sorid`s `g oÿniah, fms cmggmnh oheh prharmemnhr. Oheh
 

prharmemnhr, `s lu`strh trmdmkh fmo`r gms ohsms eís cíoig`s pmrm lhshtrhs. @l
guamr n` r`p`tir, siepg`e`lt` f`r`nmehs `stm culoiÿl n` gm htrm ogms`. S`mehs
oÿeh culoihlm `sth.
ogmss Omrs;

  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("Cmst")
  ogmss Dib`s;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("Cmst")
 
Zhr supu`sth, `sh pmr`o` siepg`, p`rh iemailm ouíltms gål`ms t`lnråms qu`
r``soridir `l ulm situmoiÿl n` gm vinm r`mg. @sth pgmlt`m eís prhdg`ems n` ghs qu`
phnråms p`lsmr. Iemailm qu` tuvi`rms qu` ohpimr y p`amr gm eisem gål`m n`
oÿniah pmrm eís qu`
cilmg, n`soudr`s n` 4:t`låms
ogms`smgaulhs
qu` n`cilist`
vmghr`seís mn`gmlt` `lmg tupriloipih.
`quivhomnhs prharmem.@sth
Mg
sialiciom qu` `g r`sth tmediél t`lnrí qu` s`r omedimnh ilnivinumge`lt`. ¸Zhr
qué pmsmr phr tmlth trmdmkh8 @l guamr n` `sh, v`mehs oÿeh gm f`r`loim pu`n`
myunmrlhs mquå.
@ep`zmehs phr or`mr prie`rh ulm ogms` dms`. Ym qu` ghs ohof`s y gms dioiog`tms
shl e`nihs n` trmlsphrt`, or`mr`ehs ulm ogms` ggmemnm "^rmlsphrt" pmrm
ohe`lzmr `g prho`sh. Plm v`z f`ofh, siepg`e`lt` ehv`ehs thnh `g dghqu` n`
oÿniah qu` lhs ilt`r`sm, kusth n`ltrh n` `stm lu`vm ogms`. Mfhrm n`d`råm v`rs`
mså;

ogmss ^rmlsphrt;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("Cmst")
 Cíoig, ¸v`rnmn8 _` fmo` euofh eís cíoig mfhrm. Zmrm f`r`nmr `stms oumginmn`s,
thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms fmo`r `s `sth;
ogmss ^rmlsphrt;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("Cmst")
ogmss Omrs(^rmlsphrt);
 
 

ogmss dib`s(^rmlsphrt);
 
Zmsmlnh `g lhedr` n` gm ogms` "^rmlsphrt" `ltr` pmrélt`sis n` gms lu`vms ogms`s,
g` n`oiehs m Zytfhl, "¡Hy`! F`r`nmríl gms oumginmn`s n` su ogms` dms`." Z`rh,
mquå fmy ul prhdg`em. Zmrm ehstrmr `g prhdg`em, `s e`khr eirmr `stm ompturm n`
pmltmggm.

¸S`s oheh `l gm gål`m 9 gm g`trm o ti`l` ulm gål`m rhkm n`dmkh8 @sm `s gm chrem n`
Zytfhl n` n`oir qu` lh `stí c`giz ohl lhshtrhs. Zmrm `vitmr `sh, thnh gh qu`
l`o`sitmehs `s pmsmr ulm pmgmdrm ggmemnm "pmss" n`ltrh n` gms sudogms`s. N` `stm
eml`rm, Zytfhl smd` qu` lh l`o`sitm pr`houpmrs` phr lmnm n`ltrh n` gms ogms`s.
ogmss ^rmlsphrt;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);

  prilt("Cmst")
 
 

ogmss Omrs(^rmlsphrt);
  pmss
 
ogmss Dib`s(^rmlsphrt);
  pmss
 
Mfhrm, pu`n`s or`mr cíoige`lt` hdk`ths oheh fioiehs mlt`s ohl lu`strhs nhs
férh`s "_t`v`" y "^hly". ^mediél pu`n`s r`ourrir m sus mtriduths `sp`oåciohs.
Fmstm mfhrm, sÿgh f`ehs `stmdg`oinh ul mtriduth qu` `s gm v`ghoinmn.
ogmss ^rmlsphrt;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("Cmst")
 
ogmss Omrs(^rmlsphrts);
  pmss
 
ogmss Dib`s(^rmlsphrt);
  pmss
 

c`rrmri 5 Omrs()
c`rrmri.sp``n()
ymemfm 5 Dib`s()
ymemfm.sp``n()
 
@g r`sugtmnh ieprieirí gm pmgmdrm "Cmst" pmrm medhs. _il `edmrah, oheh gms
ehths y ghs ohof`s shl nhs ohsms nistiltms, pu`n`s mýmnir mtriduths `xogusivhs m
omnm ulh. ^mg v`z `g lûe`rh n` ru`nms, gm phsioiÿl n`g ehthr, gm ompmoinmn n`
pmsmk`rhs, `to. Z`rh, pmrm `ggh, t`lnrís qu` `gieilmr gm pmgmdrm "pmss", ym qu` lh
qu`r`ehs qu` Zytfhl smgt` m trmvés n`g dghqu` n` oÿniah n`ltrh n` ulm ogms`
`sp`oåciom. Nis`ýé mgaulhs pmrm gh mlt`rihr. Gme`lth qu` `sth s`m gmrah, p`rh f`
f`ofh thnh gh phsidg` pmrm qu` s`m gh eís g`aidg` phsidg`.
 

ogmss ^rmlsphrt;
  n`c sp``n(s`gc);
  prilt("It is r`mggy cmst")
  n`c tyr`s (s`gc, lued`r);
  prilt(c"It fms {lued`r} tyr`s.")
  n`c `lail`(s`gc, lme`);
  prilt(c"It fms m emssiv` {lme`} `lail`.")
 

ogmss Omrs(^rmlsphrt);
  n`c emb`(s`gc, lme`);
  prilt(c"It’s m {lhedr`}")
 
ogmss Dib`s(^rmlsphrt);
  n`c wf``gi`(s`gc);
  prilt("It oml wf``gi` gib` ormzy")
 

c`rrmri 5 Omrs()
c`rrmri.emb`("C`rrmri")

c`rrmri.`lail`("S=4")
c`rrmri.tyr`s(>)
c`rrmri.sp``n()
ymemfm 5 Dib`s()
ymemfm.`lail`("^wil-S")
ymemfm.sp``n()
ymemfm.tyr`s(4)
ymemfm.wf``gi`()
 
Ghs r`sugtmnhs shl dmstmlt` cíoig`s n` `lt`ln`r. Z`rh, phr `g di`l n`g
 

ohlhoiei`lth y gm ilchremoiÿl, mquå `stíl ghs r`sugtmnhs;

It’s m C`rrmri
It fms m emssiv` S=4 `lail`.
It fms > tyr`s.
It is r`mggy cmst
It fms m emssiv` ^wil-S `lail`.
It is r`mggy cmst
It fms 4 tyr`s.
It oml wf``gi` gib` ormzy
 
Mså `s oheh gm f`r`loim fmo` lu`strms vinms euofh eís cíoig`s. @l guamr n`
`soridir thnhs `shs oÿniahs, cuiehs ompmo`s n` fmo`r `sth cíoig. @stm `s gm emaim
n` gm f`r`loim. T`ou`rnm `sth, y ym lh `soridirís oi`lths n` gål`ms n` oÿniah ulm
y htrm v`z.
Niofh `sth, pms`ehs mfhrm m lu`strhs nhs ûgtiehs ohephl`lt`s; eÿnughs y
pmqu`t`s.
Eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s
Lh s` mgmre`l phr `stms nhs pmgmdrms. _hl euofh eís cíoig`s n` `lt`ln`r n` gh
qu` pmr`o`l. Ohe`lzmr`ehs prie`rh phr `ofmr ul vistmzh m gh qu` shl ghs
eÿnughs y gu`ah prho`n`r`ehs m ghs pmqu`t`s.
@g eÿnugh `s `s`loimge`lt` ul mrofivh `l `g qu` fmy mgaûl oÿniah Zytfhl qu`
fm sinh `sorith phr ti h phr mgaui`l eís. Lhremge`lt` usmehs eÿnughs pmrm
hramlizmr lu`strhs oÿniahs n` chrem hramlizmnm. Zi`lsm `l ul sup`re`romnh ohl
eûgtipg`s pmsigghs nhln` omnm ulh `stí `tiqu`tmnh ogmrme`lt` pmrm fmo`rlhs
smd`r gh qu` phn`ehs `sp`rmr n`ltrh n` `sths pmsigghs.
N`g eiseh ehnh, ghs eÿnughs shl mrofivhs qu` ohlti`l`l oÿniahs qu` r`mgizml
ulm tmr`m `sp`oåciom. @sths pu`n`l s`r aumrnmnhs y gu`ah iephrtmnhs m htrhs
prharmems Zytfhl pmrm su ush. _å, fms g`ånh di`l. Or`m ulm du`lm culoiÿl mfhrm
y ûsmgm pmrm gms `t`rlinmn`s v`lin`rms.
¸Y oÿeh culoihlm `sh8 _uphlamehs qu` ti`l`s ul siepg` ohlv`rtinhr n`
nistmloim. @st` ohlv`rtinhr ohlvi`rt` bigÿe`trhs `l eiggms y vio`v`rsm.
Ohe`lo`ehs prie`rh n`cili`lnh `stms nhs culoihl`s;
n`c besXthXeig`s(nistmlo`);
 

  r`turl nistmlo` * :.34=

 n`c eig`sXthXbes(nistmlo`);
  r`turl nistmlo` * =.3:9
Mfhrm qu` t`l`ehs lu`strms culoihl`s, `s fhrm n` aumrnmrgms `l ul mrofivh
s`pmrmnh. Zmrm `ggh, v` m gm v`ltmlm n`g lmv`amnhr n` prhy`oths (gm qu` `stí m gm
izqui`rnm n`g ír`m n` `soriturm), fmz ogio ohl `g dhtÿl n`r`ofh n`g rmtÿl `l `g
lhedr` n`g prhy`oth y `gia` lu`vh<mrofivh. Lhedrm `g mrofivh oheh
nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r, h oumgqui`r htrh lhedr` qu` t` aust` y mýmn` ulm `xt`lsiÿl
.py mg cilmg. Plm v`z f`ofh `sth, s` mdrirí ulm lu`vm píailm `l dgmloh.
_iepg`e`lt` ohrtm thnh `g oÿniah n`g mrofivh mlt`rihr `l `stm y ym `stí.
Mfhrm, lu`strh mrofivh priloipmg `stí vmoåh. @s fhrm n` "iephrtmr" `sths
ohlv`rtinhr`s n`ltrh n` lu`strh mrofivh. Zmrm fmo`rgh, thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms
fmo`r `s `soridir gh siaui`lt`;
iephrt nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r
 
^ml prhlth oheh pr`sihl`s "`lt`r", `sth s` hsour`o`rí. @sh `stí p`rc`otme`lt`
di`l. Mfhrm, ghs ohlv`rtinhr`s shl iephrtmnhs y, phr gh tmlth, utigizmdg`s pmrm
lhshtrhs n`ltrh n` `st` prharmem. _i lh `stís ohlt`lth ohl `g lhedr`, gh oumg
pu`n` s`r ûtig eís mn`gmlt`, si`epr` pu`n` r`lhedrmrghs fmoi`lnh gh siaui`lt`;
iephrt nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r ms ohlv`rt`r
 
@sth iephrtmrí `g ohlv`rtinhr y g` nmrí `g lhedr` qu` momdms n` msialmr. Zmrm
prhdmr, siepg`e`lt` `sorid` `g lhedr` qu` fms `g`ainh y pugsm gm t`ogm '.' pmrm
moo`n`r m gms yculoihl`s
besXthXeig`s nisphlidg`s.
eig`sXthXbes Mfhrm
gistms pmrm usmr.n`d`råms phn`r v`r gms culoihl`s
iephrt nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r ms ohlv`rt`r
prilt(ohlv`rt`r.besXthXeig`s(=3:))
 _mginm;
99.?3
 
Y mfå gh ti`l`s. @g eÿnugh culoihlm ohl `g`amloim, y cuist` ompmz n` ohlv`rtir gms
ciaurms cíoige`lt`.
M v`o`s, `s phsidg` qu` lh n`s``s iephrtmr `g eÿnugh ohepg`th ohl thnms gms
culoihl`s. @s ul phsidg` `so`lmrih `l `g qu` pu`n`s qu`r`r usmr ulm culoiÿl
 

`sp`oåciom n` niofh eÿnugh y n`s`mr iephrtmr sÿgh `sh. ^i`l` s`ltinh, ¸v`rnmn8
Mchrtulmnme`lt`, `sh tmediél pu`n` fmo`rs`. Zmrm `ggh, suphlamehs qu` sÿgh
n`s`h iephrtmr gm culoiÿl eig`sXmXbes n`g eÿnugh ohlv`rtinhr. Mså `s oheh
pu`nh fmo`rgh;
crhe nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r iephrt eig`sXthXbes
 
Mfhrm eiseh, smd`ehs qu` sÿgh fmdåm nhs culoihl`s, p`rh ¸y si fudi`rm eís n`
=:8 Zmrm oheprhdmrgh, siepg`e`lt` `sorid` ghs prie`rhs dits, y kusth n`spués
n`g `spmoih qu` siau` m gm pmgmdrm "iephrt" pugsm otrg+`spmoih pmrm moo`n`r m gm
gistm n` culoihl`s nisphlidg`s n`ltrh n`g eÿnugh. @gia` gm qu` t` ilt`r`sm
crhe nistmlo`Xohlv`rt`r iephrt eig`sXthXbes
prilt(eig`sXthXbes(=::))
 

_mginm;
=3:.9
 
Fmamehs gms ohsms ul phoh nic`r`lt`s mquå. Or``ehs prie`rh ulm p`qu`ým
culoiÿl ouyh trmdmkh `s in`lticiomr `g emyhr lûe`rh n`ltrh n` ul ohlkulth n`
lûe`rhs mg`mthrihs (oheh fioiehs mlt`s) y mgemo`lmrgh oheh ul eÿnugh
s`pmrmnh. Gu`ah ggmemr`ehs mg eiseh y g` nmr`ehs ulm gistm n` lûe`rhs pmrm
in`lticiomr gm `ltrmnm eís armln` ` ieprieirgm `l gm ohlshgm.
n`c fiafXlued`r(lued`rs);
  emx 5 lued`rsR:U
  chr lued`r il lued`rs;
  ic lued`r < emx;
  emx 5 lued`r
  r`turl emx #L`o`sitmehs ul vmghr n` r`thrlh
 
Aumrnm `sth `l ul eÿnugh s`pmrmnh ggmemnh emxXlued`r.py y gu`ah gh
iephrtms eís tmrn`.
crhe emxXlued`r iephrt fiafXlued`r
 
 

lued`rs 5 R619, 103>30>, 3030>, 30>60?, 3313U

emx 5 fiafXlued`r(lued`rs)
prilt(emx)
 
_mginm;
103>30>
 
S`mehs qué pmsÿ mquå. Ilioimge`lt` n`ciliehs ulm culoiÿl nhln` `ep`zmehs
n`ogmrmlnh ulm vmrimdg` ohl ul vmghr n` lued`rsR:U. Gu`ah ilioimgizmehs `g
duog` 'chr' pmrm it`rmr shdr` ghs ohephl`lt`s ilnivinumg`s n` gm gistm. @g 'lued`r'
`s ulm vmrimdg` n` duog`, s`auinm n` gm n`ogmrmoiÿl 'ic' qu` n`cil` qué ohlnioiÿl
n`d` ouepgirs` pmrm qu` 'emx' omedi` n` vmghr. Mg cilmg, g` p`niehs m Zytfhl
qu` lhs n`vhgvi`rm ul vmghr. _iepg`, ¸v`rnmn8
Gu`ah
n` gistm.gh Mquå,
iephrtmehs m lu`strh
n`ogmrmehs ulmlu`vh mrofivh,
vmrimdg` g` niehs
ggmemnm emx ul
(ymohlkulth
qu` `st`n`prharmem
lûe`rhs
lulom fm visth emx mlt`s), y g` niehs ul vmghr qu` s`rí ohlnuoinh m trmvés n` gm
culoiÿl usmlnh gm gistm n` lûe`rhs. Cilmge`lt`, ieprieiehs `g r`sugtmnh qu`, `l
lu`strh omsh, `rm `g lûe`rh eís armln` n` gm gistm.
Mså `s oheh usmehs ghs eÿnughs. Mfhrm, `s `g ehe`lth n` gm ûgtiem pmrt` n`g
prho`sh n` mpr`lnizmk`. Mquå `s nhln` lhs `lohltrmehs ohl ghs pmqu`t`s y
mv`riaumehs qué shl.
Zmqu`t`s
Ghs eÿnughs shl mrofivhs ohl oÿniahs `l `gghs y n` eml`rm sieigmr, ghs pmqu`t`s
shl nir`othrihs, h omrp`tms, qu` ohlti`l`l eûgtipg`s mrofivhs n`ltrh n` `gghs.
Psmehs ghs pmqu`t`s pmrm ms`aurmrlhs n` qu` hramlizmehs lu`strhs mrofivhs n`
mou`rnh m `ggh. _i or`mrm oi`lths n` mrofivhs y ulm du`lm pmrt` n` `gghs
p`rt`l`oi`rm m oígoughs, pu`n` or`mr ul nir`othrih n` pmqu`t`s n`ltrh n`
ZyOfmre y Zytfhl ohl ul lhedr` mprhpimnh y ehv`r thnhs `shs mrofivhs n`ltrh
n` `stm lu`vm omrp`tm.
Zmrm or`mr ul mrofivh n` pmqu`t`, fmz ogio ohl `g dhtÿl n`r`ofh n`g rmtÿl `l `g
lhedr` n`g prhy`oth y `gia` Zmqu`t` Zytfhl. Ilstmltíl`me`lt`, lhtmrís qu` ti`l`
ul mrofivh `sp`oimg n`ltrh n` ég phr n`c`oth. @s `g mrofivh XXilitXX qu`
dísiome`lt` ilioimgizm `g pmqu`t` y p`reit` m Zytfhl smd`r qué `s.
Mfhrm, vmehs m mýmnir ul eÿnugh m `st` pmqu`t` r`oiél or`mnh. Gh ggmemr`ehs
"t`st=" y g` nmr`ehs ulm culoiÿl n`ltrh n` ég. T`ou`rn`l, `st` mrofivh l`o`sitm
 

s`r or`mnh `l `g lu`vh pmqu`t` qu` f`ehs or`mnh.

n`c t`st();
  prilt("@sth `s sÿgh ulm pru`dm")
 
G` niehs `sth oheh ulm culoiÿl pmrm `g eÿnugh. Mfhrm, dusqu`ehs `l ulh n`
lu`strhs vi`khs mrofivhs n`ltrh n` gm omrp`tm mlt`rihr. _i qui`r`s, pu`n`s or`mr ul
mrofivh vmoåh tmediél. Mfhrm, ym qu` `stmehs `l ulm omrp`tm nic`r`lt`, y
l`o`sitmehs iephrtmr `sth, gms ohsms s`ríl gia`rme`lt` nic`r`lt`s. _i ilt`ltms
usmr `g eéthnh mlt`rihr n` "iephrt t`st=", lh culoihlmrí ym qu` ghs nir`othrihs
shl nic`r`lt`s. @l su guamr, fmr`ehs `sth;
iephrt t`st.t`st=
 
@sth g` p`reit` m Zytfhl smd`r qu` `stí iephrtmlnh ul eÿnugh ggmemnh t`st=
n`sn` ul pmqu`t` pmqu`t`s
Fmy n`emsimnhs Zytfhl ggmemnh t`st. Mfhrm,
y eÿnughs phnrís
nisphlidg`s `lusmr gm culoiÿl
gål`m, cíoige`lt`.
nir`otme`lt` n` sus
cu`lt`s, qu` pu`n`l s`r utigizmnhs pmrm euofh eís n` gh qu` t` iemailms. Zu`n`s
lmv`amr phr Ilt`rl`t y `lohltrmr ghs qu` s` mnmpt`l e`khr m tu tiph n`
prharmemoiÿl. _il `edmrah, ghs priloipihs siau`l si`lnh ghs eisehs.
Mfhrm, f`ehs mpr`lninh `c`otivme`lt` thnh gh qu` ul priloipimlt` n`d` smd`r.
@stíl gisths pmrm zmrpmr y dusomr su v`rnmn`rm vhomoiÿl y or`mr prharmems gisths
pmrm themr `g eulnh phr shrpr`sm. ^hnh gh qu` s` l`o`sitm `s príotiom y
pmoi`loim.
 
 

Ompåtugh =:. ¡^û siaui`lt` pmsh n`g vimk`!

¡Mfhrm eiseh! C`gioitmoihl`s phr fmd`r gg`amnh fmstm mquå. @ep`zmst` oheh
mgaui`l qu` lh t`låms
prhdmdg`e`lt` t`låm ei`nh
li in`mn`n`sue`rairt`
gh qu` `rm`lZytfhl,
`g eulnhn` gh
n` qu` s` trmtmdm, y
gm prharmemoiÿl.
Mfhrm, ti`l`s thnh gh qu` l`o`sitms pmrm or`mr ulm p`rc`otm ohepr`lsiÿl n` gms
ohsms. Mfhrm, n`d`råms s`r ompmz n` eirmr `g oÿniah y smd`r gh qu` `stí pmsmlnh.
@g vimk` s` vu`gv` eís y eís shrpr`ln`lt` n` mquå `l mn`gmlt`. Mulqu` `s trist`
qu` lh phnmehs ohltilumr `g vimk`, mg e`lhs pu`nh `stmr s`aurh n` qu` ym lh
`stmríl guofmlnh ohl ghs ohlo`pths y qu` phnríl `lohltrmr s`ltinh m euofhs
oÿniahs qu` `lohltrmríl mfhrm.
Mquå fmy ulm rípinm eirmnm m mgaulms n` gms ilor`ådg`s ohsms qu` f`ehs
mpr`lninh fmstm mfhrm.
 
¡T`vis`ehs gh qu` f`ehs mpr`lninh!
N`somramehs ` ilstmgmehs Zytfhl y ZyOfmre.
Or`mehs lu`strh prie`r prharmem. _å, cu` siepg` p`rh cu` `ehoihlmlt`!
Mpr`lniehs mo`rom n` ghs tiphs n` nmths; omn`lms, lûe`rhs y dhhg`mlhs.
Mpr`lniehs m or`mr vmrimdg`s y m r`ohrnmrgms.
Sisitmehs m ghs hp`rmnhr`s gÿaiohs.
Gms ohlcusms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` "ic" y "`gs`".

Oi`rtme`lt` lh phn`ehs hgvinmr ghs ilt`reilmdg`s duog`s "chr".

Ghs hp`rmnhr`s, ghs tiphs y sus ushs.
Culoihl`s - oÿeh lhs p`reit`l fmo`r euofh eís.
Gistms, tupgms y niooihlmrihs, nÿln` y phr qué usmrghs.
Ogms`s
Eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s
F`r`loim
Eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s
@sh `s ul arml gharh pmrm oumgqui`r prharmemnhr qu` ohe`lzÿ ohl
príotiome`lt` lmnm `l e`lt` fmo` ul ti`eph. Mfhrm, ti`l`s thnms gms
 

f`rrmei`ltms y ohlhoiei`lths l`o`smrihs pmrm smgir mfå cu`rm y fmo`r ulm

prharmemoiÿl s`rim.
Mulqu` `g mpr`lnizmk` lh s` n`ti`l` lulom, s` r`ohei`lnm s`auir prmotiomlnh
tmlth oheh s` pu`nm. F` `sorith ul gidrh n` trmdmkh pmrm ms`aurmre` n` qu`
emlt`lams tus ohlhoiei`lths pmrm ul du`l ush y siams ohlcimlnh `l `g ush n` tu
oÿniah si`epr` y oumlnh s`m phsidg`.
Fmy oi`lths n` omephs qu` t` `sp`rml n`sn` `st` pulth. @sths iloguy`l crhlt`rms
n` vmlaumrnim oheh gm ilt`gia`loim mrticioimg, ohof`s muth-ohlnuothr`s,
mpr`lnizmk` n` eíquilms, fmobila étioh, n`smrrhggh n` sitihs w`d, oi`loim n` ghs
nmths, gm gistm `s ilt`reilmdg`.
T`ou`rnm
Fmy mgaulms ohsms qu` si`epr` n`d`s r`ohrnmr y n` gms qu` n`d`s s`r fmditumg
oumlnh dusqu`s ulm omrr`rm `l prharmemoiÿl.
N`d`råms o`ýirt` m gm príotiom n`g oÿniah giepih y `soridir ul oÿniah qu` s`m cíoig
n` `lt`ln`r y g``r pmrm oumgqui`r prharmemnhr. Oumlth eís giepih hramlio`s tu
oÿniah, e`khr y eís `c`otivh s`rís oheh prharmemnhr. T`ou`rnm usmr eÿnughs y
pmqu`t`s pmrm hramlizmr e`khr tus mrofivhs y eÿnughs. Lulom s` smd` ouílnh
pu`n`s vhgv`r m l`o`sitmrghs. _i`epr` `s ulm du`lm in`m qu` ghs oÿniahs y
culoihl`s qu` `soridist` s` qu`n`l.
Zu`n`s `lohltrmr vmrihs `k`roioihs `l gål`m ` ilogush t`l`r mgaulhs `stup`lnhs
tuthrimg`s n` guamr`s oheh Pn`ey y Ohurs`rm pmrm mcilmr mûl eís tus
ohlhoiei`lths. _i `stís mtmsomnh `l ulm pmrt` `sp`oåciom y lh pu`n`s `lt`ln`rgm,
tÿemt` ul n`somlsh y piélsmgh di`l. Gh eís prhdmdg` `s qu` `lou`ltr`s ulm
shguoiÿl phr tu ou`ltm. _i lh, Ilt`rl`t `sp`rm pmrm r`sphln`r m thnms sus ggmemnms
n` muxigih.
@g pytfhl `s ul g`laumk` di`l nhoue`ltmnh. Fmy euofms phsidiginmn`s n` qu`
pu`nms `lohltrmr tus r`spu`stms `l ghs nhoue`lths prhphroihlmnhs `l `g prhpih
sitih w`d n` Zytfhl. @g _r. Sml Thssue oi`rtme`lt` gh p`lsÿ di`l. Ptigizm `sths
nhoue`lths oumlnh s`m phsidg` y hdtél eís n`tmgg`s shdr` ohsms qu` n` htrm
eml`rm phnråml shlmr ohlcusms pmrm ti.
Oheh prharmemnhr, pi`lsm cu`rm n` gm omkm. Zi`lsm `l oÿeh pu`n`s omedimr gms
ohsms y fmo`rgms eís siepg`s. ^hem `k`epghs ohtinimlhs `l ghs qu` or`ms qu`
pu`n`s usmr tus ohlhoiei`lths pmrm or`mr prharmems qu` pu`nml cmoigitmr tu vinm.
Lulom s` smd`, pu`n` qu` t` `lou`ltr`s ohl ul prhdg`em oheûl y gh mrr`ag`s2 ul
du`l p`lsmei`lth
lhedr` `s thnh gh qu` s` ilt`rphl` `ltr` s`r tû y s`r `g prÿxieh arml
n` gm ilnustrim.
 

Niofh `sth, e` n`spinh n` thnhs ust`n`s y g`s n`s`h gm e`khr n` gms su`rt`s. ¡]u`
su cuturh s`m tml driggmlt` oheh `g shg!
 

T`c`r`loims
Driaas, K, T. (4:=?); Zytfhl pmrm liýhs. _ml Crmloisoh, OM. Lh _tmrof Zr`ss
Emttf`s, @. (4:=3); Oursh ilt`lsivh n` Zytfhl. _ml Crmloisoh, OM; Lh _tmrof
Zr`ss
Zmyl`, D. (4:=0); @ls`ý` m sus fikhs m ohniciomr. _il pr`lsm n` mgeinÿl
 
 

 
 

Gidrh n` ^rmdmkh n` Zytfhl

 
 Mpr`ln` m prharmemr rípinm y `ciomze`lt`

ohl `k`roioihs, prhy`oths y shguoihl`s

 

Zrharmeeila Gmlauma`s Momn`ey

 

Iltrhnuooiÿl
@st` gidrh n` trmdmkh fm sinh or`mnh ohl `g prhpÿsith n` prmotiomr y p`reitir m ghs
g`othr`s n`g oursh
Zytfhl oheh ilt`lsivh
g`laumk` e`khrmr su ohlhoiei`lth,
n` prharmemoiÿl._i ym fms pmsmnhohepr`lsiÿl y ush n`
phr gm "Zrharmemoiÿl
Zytfhl pmrm priloipimlt`s"; Gm auåm n`cilitivm pmrm priloipimlt`s pmrm mpr`ln`r
ghs culnme`lths n` pytfhl `l ul arml oursh ilt`lsivh gg`lh n` lhoihl`s,
ohls`khs y truohs", `lthlo`s `st` gidrh `stí nis`ýmnh pmrm myunmrt` m prmotiomr
thnh gh qu` fms mpr`lninh fmstm mfhrm.
Emlt`liélnhlhs ci`g`s m gm lmturmg`zm n`g gidrh mlt`rihr, dusomr`ehs `k`roioihs
niv`rtinhs, iltuitivhs y n`smcimlt`s. @sths phlnríl m pru`dm su fmdiginmn y
ohlhoiei`lth oheh prharmemnhr y ms`aurmríl qu` si`epr` `stés pr`pmrmnh pmrm
mdhrnmr situmoihl`s, pr`aultms y qu` s`ms ompmz n` in`lticiomr `rrhr`s. Ghs
`k`roioihs ohepigmnhs
prhphroihlmríl mg cilmg mquå `stílpmrm
n`g gidrh themnhs n` vmrims cu`lt`s,
su ohlv`li`loim. ouyhspu`n`
_i gh n`s`m, `lgmo`s s`
visitmr
`sths `lgmo`s pmrm r`mgizmr eís `k`roioihs y prhdmr sus fmdiginmn`s n`
prharmemoiÿl mg eíxieh.
Pl arml prharmemnhr `s mqu`g qu` prmotiom ohlstmlt`e`lt` sus fmdiginmn`s n`
ohniciomoiÿl, ti`l` gm ompmoinmn n` r`shgv`r prhdg`ems téoliohs y pu`n`
in`lticiomr `g tiph n` shguoiÿl l`o`smrim pmrm r`shgv`r ulm situmoiÿl. Lu`strh
hdk`tivh ohl `st` gidrh `stí `l gål`m ohl `st` ohlo`pth, phr gh qu` s` pu`n`
`sp`rmr vmrihs tiphs n` `k`roioihs, prhy`oths y pru`dms n` ghs qu` mpr`ln`r.
Zmrm su ohlv`li`loim, thnms gms shguoihl`s m gms pr`aultms y prhdg`ems s`
prhphroihlml `l `g ûgtieh
r`shgv`r `g prhdg`em phr tiompåtugh. Ohlsugtm éstms
eiseh. ^mediél pu`n`soumlnh si`ltms
ohlsugtmr qu` lhgidrh
`g prie`r pu`n`s
n`
v`z `l oumlnh pmrm r`cr`somr tus ohlo`pths y mogmrmr mûl eís oumgqui`r
media÷`nmn qu` pu`nms t`l`r nurmlt` `g prho`sh n` mpr`lnizmk` y mpgiomoiÿl n`
Zytfhl oheh g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl.
Lh fmy lmnm emgh `l mneitir gm n`rrhtm. G`s ms`aurh qu` f` `stmnh mggå eig`s n`
v`o`s. _i ul `k`roioih h ulm pr`aultm pmr`o` n`emsimnh, r`ou`rnm theírt`gh n`
phoh m phoh. Oumlth e`khr s`m tu `stmnh e`ltmg, eís ogmrms s`ríl gms ohsms pmrm
ti.
 ¸Zhr qué l`o`sith `k`roioihs y prhy`oths8
Zr`aûltmg` m oumgqui`r prharmemnhr n` éxith `l `g eulnh, y t` ohlciremríl gh
eiseh; gm príotiom fmo` m ul prharmemnhr p`rc`oth. Mg priloipih, pu`n` qu`
 

fmyms t`linh prhdg`ems pmrm usmr ZyOfmre pmrm `soridir tu oÿniah.

@v`ltumge`lt`, ohl ul phoh n` príotiom, tu riteh ohe`lzÿ m mue`ltmr. @sth s`
n`d` m qu` mfhrm t` fms mnmptmnh mg IN@ y mg `lthrlh a`l`rmg y m gm s`lsmoiÿl n`
Zytfhl. Oumlth eís mcil`s s`ml tus fmdiginmn`s, eís cguinme`lt` `soridirís tus
prharmems.
@sths `k`roioihs `stíl nis`ýmnhs pmrm ms`aurmr qu` si`epr` t`lams mgah ohl gh
qu` prmotiomr. Plm v`z qu` t`reil`s n` prmotiomr ghs `k`roioihs oheh s` eu`strml
mquå, ehnicåomghs m vhgultmn pmrm or`mr eís prharmems ohepg`khs phr tu ou`ltm.
@s ulm chrem p`rc`otm n` pmsmr m ghs liv`g`s ilt`re`nih y mvmlzmnh n` s`r ul
prharmemnhr. Omnm prharmemnhr pmsm phr eig`s n` `sths prhy`oths `l eilimturm
pmrm hdt`l`r ul p`rc`oth nheilih n` oumgqui`r g`laumk`. Ei`ltrms qu` Zytfhl `s
ohepmrmtivme`lt` eís cíoig n` `lt`ln`r, lh sud`stie`s `g g`laumk`. _` pu`n`
phl`r nicåoig dmstmlt` rípinh, y ohl ul phdr` ohlhoiei`lth, phnråms t`reilmr
y`lnh `l oåroughs.
@g gidrh mlt`rihr fm `ls`ýmnh euofms ohsms. E` f` ms`aurmnh n` or`mr pru`dms,
`k`roioihs y pr`aultms pmrm phl`r m pru`dm thnhs y omnm ulh n` `shs
ohlhoiei`lths. N` `stm eml`rm, lh sÿgh pu`n`s r`ohrnmr gh qu` mpr`lnist`, silh
qu` tmediél pu`n`s v`r `g oÿniah `l mooiÿl mpgiomlnh gms shguoihl`s qu` or``s
qu` shl ohrr`otms. Lh pr`t`lnh s`r `g e`khr prharmemnhr, li `sthy li euofh
e`lhs o`rom n` s`rgh, p`rh gh qu` så pu`nh amrmltizmr `s qu` `sths `k`roioihs t`
emlt`lnríl mg`rtm y t` mo`romríl ul pmsh eís m ohlv`rtirt` `l ul arml
prharmemnhr.
Ghs prhy`oths `stíl nis`ýmnhs pmrm su `xpghrmoiÿl iln`p`lni`lt`. ^i`l`s thnh `g
ilt`rl`t pmrm myunmrt` ohl ilspirmoiÿl ` in`ms. Ptigizm `g ohlhoiei`lth qu`
r`ulist` `l `g gidrh mlt`rihr y gm `xp`ri`loim qu` amlmrís mquå pmrm or`mr
prharmems eís ohepg`khs ` ilt`rmotivhs qu` pu`nms `soridir pmrm ghs prhy`oths
qu` f` `g`ainh pmrm ti. @sths shl prhy`oths qu` pu`n`l mdrirs` omeilh `l `g
e`romnh tmediél, si pi`lsms cu`rm n` gm omkm y mpgioms ulm gÿaiom y ul
ohlhoiei`lth ul phoh eís mvmlzmnh. Lmnm `s iephsidg`, y gm prharmemoiÿl lh
`s nic`r`lt`.
 
¸Ouílth ti`eph n`d`råm n`niomrg`8
Mulqu` lh fmy gåeit`s `sp`oåciohs qu` e` austmråm `stmdg`o`r mquå, e` austmråm,
sil `edmrah, r`ohe`lnmr qu` s` `xpriem mgr`n`nhr n` ulm fhrm mg nåm, si lh eís,
pmrm prmotiomr `sths `k`roioihs. Mgaulhs n` `gghs pu`n`l s`r dmstmlt` cíoig`s mg
priloipih, p`rh `g prhpÿsith n` tmg`s pr`aultms h `k`roioihs lh `s prhdmr tu
ohlhoiei`lth shgh2 `s `epukmrt` eís pmrm qu` fmams ul ush príotioh n`g
 

ohlhoiei`lth.
Z`reåt`e` tmediél mogmrmr qu` phr ulm fhrm mg nåm, lh qui`rh n`oir qu` pms`s 3:
eiluths n` tu ti`eph pms`ílnht` sÿgh phr `sths `k`roioihs. Ohpi`l `sths
`k`roioihs `l su IN@ y trmdmk`l ohl `gghs. Mg cilmg n`g gidrh, n`d`råml t`l`r

sucioi`lt` `xphsioiÿl
mlmgizmlnh prie`rh gmmsitumoiÿl,
Zytfhl pmrm qu` pu`nml
mlhtmlnh n`smrrhggmr su
mprhxiemnme`lt` prhpih qu`
gm gÿaiom oÿniah
g`s
myunmråm y gu`ah `soridi`lnh `g prhpih oÿniah.
Plm v`z qu` mnqui`rms `g fídith n` `soridir oÿniahs nimrime`lt`, prhar`smrís m
ul riteh c`lhe`lmg y `sp`rmehs qu` `l phoh ti`eph t` ohlvi`rtms `l ul
prharmemnhr n` pg`lh.
Niofh `sth, `s fhrm n` qu` ohe`lo`ehs gm s`aulnm cms` n`g vimk`. Mquå `s nhln`
mv`riaumehs ouílth fms mpr`lninh fmstm mfhrm y si fms omptmnh ohrr`otme`lt`
ghs ohlo`pths pmrm r`shgv`r mgaulhs msulths ohepg`khs y r`sphln`r m pr`aultms
dmsmnms `l ghs t`olioisehs n` Zytfhl.
Pl ohls`kh; Emltél tu ZyOfmre mdi`rth ei`ltrms g``s `g gidrh pmrm r`mgizmr ghs
`k`roioihs m e`ninm qu` mvmlzmehs. Lh smgt`s mg ûgtieh ompåtugh sÿgh phrqu` `g
rhdg`em pmr`zom iephsidg` n` r`shgv`r. ^ÿemt` tu ti`eph y mlmgizm gm situmoiÿl
ouinmnhsme`lt`. ¡Gm r`spu`stm `s euofh eís hdvim n` gh qu` or``s!
 

Ompåtugh =. ^i`eph n` omg`ltmei`lth

Du`lh, mlt`s qu` lmnm, eis eís silo`rms c`gioitmoihl`s phr fmd`r themnh `st`
gidrh.
Zytfhl,_i nupgiom
ym fms ohepg`tmnh `g gidrh
ghs n`s`hs pmrm mlt`rihr,
ti. @g vimk` m nhln`
Zytfhl`xpgiqué gm prharmemoiÿl
`s, `l `c`oth, `l
ulh qu` `stí
pgmamnh n` gål`ms y gål`ms n` oÿniahs, `sp`rmlnh s`r `xpghrmnh, `lt`lninh y
`k`outmnh ohrr`otme`lt`.
F`ehs r`pmsmnh vmrihs ompåtughs n`g gidrh mlt`rihr y f`ehs n`soudi`rth euofh
shdr` Zytfhl, `ep`zmlnh phr su fisthrim, fmstm gm ilt`rpr`tmoiÿl ehn`rlm n` gm
muthemtizmoiÿl, gm ilt`gia`loim mrticioimg y oÿeh gms ohsms tml mvmlzmnms utigizml
Zytfhl.
T`vismehs msp`oths ilnivinumg`s n`g g`laumk`, oheh gm siltmxis, gms vmrimdg`s, ghs
tiphs n` nmths, ghs duog`s y gms culoihl`s, pmrm ohltmr mgaulhs. ^hnh `sh `stí
di`l, p`rh `g prhdg`em `s qu` thnmvåm lh smd`ehs si `stmehs pr`pmrmnhs pmrm
themr ourshs eís mvmlzmnhs y mpr`ln`r ohsms euofh eís mggí n`g mgomlo` n`g
gidrh mlt`rihr.
Mchrtulmnme`lt`, ym f` p`lsmnh `l `ggh, phr gh qu` g` prhphroihlmré vmrihs
eéthnhs pmrm p`rc`ooihlmr sus fmdiginmn`s. @sthy mlsihsh phr `ep`zmr, ¸lh `s
mså8 @lthlo`s vmehs m sue`rairlhs `l ghs `k`roioihs n` ile`nimth y mv`riaumr
nÿln` `stmehs pmrmnhs.
 Gms shguoihl`s m thnhs ghs `k`roioihs y pr`aultms `stíl `l `g ûgtieh ompåtugh.
_ÿgh ohlsûgt`gms oumlnh fmym ilt`ltmnh thnh gh phsidg` phr `lohltrmr gm
r`spu`stm y n` mgaulm eml`rm lh gh fmym gharmnh.
¡Emr n` pr`aultms!
@stms pr`aultms, mulqu` su`l`l cíoig`s, `stíl nis`ýmnms pmrm r`vismr mgaulhs
`g`e`lths dísiohs n` Zytfhl. Mgaulhs n` `gghs pu`n`l t`l`r hpoihl`s, ei`ltrms
qu` htrhs lh. Lh t` n`k`s iltieinmr phr `stms pr`aultms. Ilt`ltm r`sphln`r m
tmltms n` `ggms oheh s`m phsidg`.
 
Z-=; N` gms hpoihl`s qu` s` nml m ohltilumoiÿl, in`lticiqu` ouíg n` `ggms `stí
`soritm `l Zytfhl.
Oÿniah =;
usila syst`e2
 

vmr us`rlme` 5 ohlshg`.r`mngil`("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")2

ohlshg`.writ`("Fhgm" + us`rlme`)2
Oÿniah 4;
7fteg<
  7f`mn<
  7titg`<"¸Zhr qué `soridir Zytfhl8"7/titg`<
  7/f`mn<
  7dhny<
  7p<
  prilt("Fhgm eulnh!")
  7/p<
  7/dhny<
7/fteg<
Oÿniah ?;
iephrt turtg`
n`c eyXculotihl(lme`);
  prilt(c"Fhgm {lme`}")
eyXculotihl("_me")
Oÿniah >;
vmr lme` 5 "Er. Emrv`g"2
ohlshg`.gha("Ei lhedr` `s " + lhedr`)2
@sthy s`aurh n` qu` v`s mgaulms ohsms cmeigimr`s mquå. ^ÿemt` tu ti`eph y
mlmgizm omnm ulm n` `ggms n` o`rom. Gm r`spu`stm `stí kusth mfå, ¡thnh gh qu`
l`o`sitm `s ul hkh maunh pmrm nistilauirgm! @s dmstmlt` ilt`r`smlt` v`r qu` gm
emyhråm n` `sths pmr`o`l `stmr usmlnh ulm ohlciaurmoiÿl cmeigimr. ^hem ti`eph
pmrm qu` ulh `sté ohepg`tme`lt` cmeigimrizmnh ohl gm siltmxis, p`rh ulm v`z qu`
s` `stís cmeigimrizmnh, lh n`d`råms t`l`r prhdg`ems pmrm `lt`ln`r `sth.
Sisitm oumgqui`rm n` ghs vi`khs `k`roioihs qu` fioiehs `l `g gidrh mlt`rihr. Ilt`ltm
fmo`r ohiloinir gm chrem `l qu` `g oÿniah cu` `sorith ohl ghs pr`s`ltmnhs mquå.
¡N`d`råms t`l`r tu r`spu`stm `l dr`v`!
Zmsmlnh m lu`strm siaui`lt` pr`aultm, prhe`th qu` s`ríl eís pr`aultms y e`lhs
 

n` ei pmrt`, p`rh l`o`sith ms`aurmre` n` qu` prhphroihlh mgaulms `xpgiomoihl`s

l`o`smrims pmrm myunmr m mqu`gghs qu` pu`n`l fmd`r r`ohainh `g gidrh n`spués n`
ul ti`eph, sÿgh pmrm r`cr`somr sus ohlo`pths.
Ohe`lo`ehs mfhrm ohl ulm s`ri` n` pr`aultms pmrm oheprhdmr su ohepr`lsiÿl.
Z-4; ¸Oÿeh pu`n`s oheprhdmr si ti`l`s Zytfhl ?.6.x ilstmgmnh `l tu
sist`em8
 
=. Ohepru`dm si ti`l`s ZyOfmre ilstmgmnh `l tu sist`em. _i `s mså, ti`l`s gm
ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl ilstmgmnm.
4. @k`outm `g ohemlnh  pytfhl --v`rsiÿl `l ZyOfmre pmrm oheprhdmr gm
v`rsiÿl.
?. @k`out` `g ohemlnh  pytfhl `l gm gål`m n` ohemlnhs n` Qilnhws pmrm
oheprhdmr gm v`rsiÿl. @k`out`  pytfhl -v  `l Emo y  pytfhl? `l Gilux pmrm
hdt`l`r gm v`rsiÿl.
>. Sisitm gm píailm w`d n` Zytfhl pmrm v`r si pu`n` in`lticiomr tu v`rsiÿl n`
Zytfhl.
Z-?; ¸Oÿeh s` ggmem mså `g inihem8
 
=. @g oiroh vhgmlt` n` Ehlty Zytfhl
4. @g r`ptig Zitÿl
?. Zmrm fhlrmr m ulm `sp`oi` `l p`giarh n` `xtiloiÿl n` Zitÿl
>. _ÿgh ul lhedr` mg mzmr qu` s` fm pu`sth n` ehnm

Z->; ¸Oÿeh t`reilm omnm gål`m `l Zytfhl8

 
=. Ohl nhs pulths ‗;― .
4. Ohl ul pulth y ohem ‗2― .
?. Ohl ul pulth ‗.― .
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
0.

Z-0;
  ¸]ué sialiciom `g morÿlieh IN@8
 

=. Nåm Ilt`rlmoihlmg n` gm @g`otrÿliom

4. @lthrlh `l n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh
?. @lthrlh n` n`smrrhggmnhr ilt`armnh
>. Ila`li`råm n` n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh

Z-3; ¸Oÿeh s` r`pr`s`ltm ulm omn`lm `l Zytfhl8

 
=. Ohl ulm shgm oheiggm ''.
4. Ohl ulm nhdg` oheiggm ""
?. Ohl oumgqui`rm n` ghs mlt`rihr`s.
>. Lilaulm n` gms mlt`rihr`s.
]-1; ¸]ué `s ulm vmrimdg`8
 
=. @s ulm culoiÿl `l Zytfhl.
4. @s ul eéthnh `l Zytfhl.
?. @s ul ohlt`l`nhr or`mnh phr `g usumrih qu` ohlti`l` vmghr`s ileutmdg`s.
>. @s ul ohlt`l`nhr or`mnh phr `g usumrih qu` ohlti`l` vmghr`s qu` pu`n`l s`r
ehniciomnhs.
]-6; ¸Oÿeh ieprieiråms ulm omn`lm qu` niam "¡_å!"8
 
=. prilt("Ég nikh, "¡_å!")
4. prilt(c"Ég nikh, "¡_å!")
?. prilt('Ég nikh, "¡_å!"')
>. prilt(¡Nikh qu` så!)

]-9; @k`outmlnh `g oÿniah oheh s` eu`strm, ¸ouíg s`rí gm smginm8

lue 5 '0' * '0'
prilt(lue)
 
=. 40
4. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
 

?. ‖0’ * ‖0’
>. ^yp`@rrhr; Lh s` pu`n` eugtipgiomr gm s`ou`loim phr ul lh-ilt n` tiph 'str'.
Z-=:; _i `k`outms ul oÿniah qu` t`reilm ohl ul `rrhr, fmrí qu` ZyOfmre s`
dghqu``.
 
=. S`rnmn`rh
4. Cmgsh
?. N`p`ln` n`g tiph n` oÿniah `sorith
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

]-==; ¸Ouíg `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm `stmdg`o`r `g vmghr n` ul dhhg

'isXemrri`n'8
 
=. "S`rnmn`rh"
4. S`rnmn`rh
?. "S`rnmn`rh
>. v`rnmn`rh

]-=4; ¸Ouíg n` gms siaui`lt`s `s ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm8

Oÿniah =;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma` 5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, shy lme` y t`lah ma` mýhs")
Oÿniah 4;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma`5 >=
prilt(c"Fhgm, shy {lme`} y t`lah {ma`} mýhs")
Oÿniah ?;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma` 5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, shy " + lme` + " y t`lah " + ma` + " mýhs")
 Oÿniah >;

lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma` 5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, shy Rlme`U y t`lah Rma`U mýhs")
Z-=?; Zmrm lhedrmr ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm cirst lme`, ¸qué eéthnh `s `g
ohrr`oth8 Zu`n`s `g`air eís n` ulm r`spu`stm m gm siaui`lt` pr`aultm.
 
=. cirstlme`
4. CirstLme`
?. cirst.lme`
>. cirstXlme`

]-=>; @gikm ulm h eís r`spu`stms qu` s` mpgiqu`l. Gm príotiom n`g oÿniah
giepih `s;
  =. Zmrm emlt`l`r lu`strms `stmoihl`s n` trmdmkh giepims.
4. Zmrm lhedrmr lu`strms vmrimdg`s y culoihl`s mprhpimnme`lt`.
?. Zmrm e`khrmr gm g`aidiginmn.
>. Zmrm ms`aurmrs` n` qu` `g oÿniah lh ilcrilkm lilaulm g`y.
]-=0; ¸Ouíg n` gms siaui`lt`s `s gm chrem ohrr`otm n` or`mr ulm vmrimdg`
ggmemnm "t`st";
 
=. n`c t`st();
4. t`st.or`mt`
?. t`st 5 ""
>. prilt(t`st)
]-=3; ¸]ué `s ulm ohlomt`lmoiÿl n` omn`lms8
 
=. Zmrm cusihlmr nhs h eís omn`lms `l ul lu`vh hdk`th n` omn`lm
4. Zmrm s`pmrmr nhs omn`lms
?. Zmrm ohlv`rtir ul `lt`rh `l ulm omn`lm
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
 

]-=1; @gikm gm(s) r`spu`stm(s) ohrr`otm(s). Zytfhl `s;

 
=. @g suo`shr n`g g`laumk` MDO
MDO
4. _ÿgh hp`rmdg` m trmvés n`g IN@ n` ZyOfmre
?. _` utigizm pmrm gm muthemtizmoiÿl y `g mpr`lnizmk` mutheítioh
>. ^hnh gh mlt`rihr
]-=6; ¸]ué `s HHZ8
 
=. Zytfhl hri`ltmnh m hdk`ths
4. ZyOfmre hri`ltmnh m hdk`ths
?. Zrharmemoiÿl hri`ltmnm m hdk`ths
>. _ÿgh `l Zytfhl

]-=9; ¸Oÿeh s` pu`n` mnquirir gm `ltrmnm n`g usumrih y mgemo`lmrgm `l ulm

vmrimdg` ggmemnm ilar`sh, pmrm prhpÿsiths n` oígough8
 
=. ilar`shs 5 dhhg("Ilar`s` sus ilar`shs;")
4. ilar`sh 5 ilt("Ilar`s` sus ilar`sh;")
?. ilar`sh 5 ilput("Ilar`s` sus ilar`sh;")
>. ilar`sh 5 ilt(ilput("Ilar`s` sus ilar`sh;")

]-4:; ¸Ouíg n` `sths `s/shl v`rnmn`rhs ohl r`sp`oth m Zytfhl8

 
=. Fmy nhs tiphs n` nmths.
4. Gms vmrimdg`s pu`n`l s`r ggmemnms, ehniciomnms h `gieilmnms.
?. Zytfhl pu`n` culoihlmr sil ZyOfmre.
>. @g pytfhl `s ul g`laumk` qu` nistilau` `ltr` emyûsougms y eilûsougms.
@sh cu` ul phoh n` omg`ltmei`lth, ¸lh8 Momdmehs n` `ep`zmr. Zu`n`
oheprhdmr ouíltms pr`aultms fm mo`rtmnh r`ciriélnhs` mg ûgtieh ompåtugh y
vi`lnh su phsioiÿl. @stms 4: pr`aultms cu`rhl mg mzmr, y gm emyhråm n` `ggms lh

iepgiomdml euofhs
T`cg`xihl`ehs shdr`t`olioisehs.
su phsioiÿl oheh priloipimlt`;
 

_i gh gharmst`;
4: - ¡Drmvh! Fms r`sphlninh m omnm ulm n` `stms driggmlt`e`lt`. @sh n`eu`strm
qu` `stmdms pr`stmlnh euofm mt`loiÿl mg gidrh y m gms pr`aultms n` mrridm. @st` `s
`xmotme`lt` `g tiph n` r`sugtmnh qu` n`d`råms `sp`rmr si ohlho`s gh dísioh.
=0 - =9 - ^ml o`rom n` gm p`rc`ooiÿl, p`rh lh n`k`s qu` `sh t` fmam om`r. Fioist`
ul trmdmkh cmdughsh mg r`sphln`r `stms pr`aultms. _ÿgh r`pmsm gms qu` t`
`quivhomst`, y prhlth n`d`råms `stmr pugi`lnh tus fmdiginmn`s pmrm smgir mn`gmlt`
ohl ghs e`khr`s r`sugtmnhs.
=: - => - Fmy  `spmoih pmrm e`khrmr. Fms r`sphlninh dmstmlt` di`l m mgaulms n`
`stms pr`aultms, p`rh t` fms p`rninh mgaulhs t`ems oråtiohs. @s e`khr vhgv`r m
r`vismr `g gidrh y o`ltrmrs` ûliome`lt` `l mqu`gghs `l ghs qu` t` `quivhomst`.
Su`gv` m ghs ohlo`pths qu` t` p`rnist` y trmtm n` `lt`ln`r oÿeh s` mpgioÿ `g
ohlhoiei`lth mquå.
Zhr n`dmkh n` =: - Lh t`lah htrm chrem n` n`oirgh qu` n`oir qu` l`o`sitms
trmdmkmr `l tus fmdiginmn`s. @s euy prhdmdg` qu` t` fmyms nistrmånh nurmlt` gm
pru`dm h oumlnh `stmdms g`y`lnh `g gidrh. Lh t` n`o`poihl`s, sil `edmrah, `g
crmomsh `s ulm pmrt` n` gm ourvm n` mpr`lnizmk`. Ei`ltrms t`lams gm vhgultmn n`
mpr`ln`r y gm pmsiÿl phr s`auir, prhlth `lt`ln`rís ghs prhdg`ems y `stmrís
`soridi`lnh tus prharmems oheh oumgqui`r htrm p`rshlm.
Lh pu`nh `lcmtizmr gh sucioi`lt` qu` sÿgh m trmvés n` gm príotiom phnrís
ohlv`rtirt` `l `g tiph n` prharmemnhr qu` qui`r`s s`r mgaûl nåm. _ÿgh r`pmsmr `g
gidrh y r`sphln`r di`l m omnm pr`aultm, sÿgh pmrm n`kmr n` prmotiomr kusth
n`spués, lh t` s`rvirí pmrm lilaûl prhpÿsith h v`ltmkm.
Fmy mgaulms ohsms qu` si`epr` n`d`s r`ohrnmr oheh prharmemnhr;
◈ Ghs g`laumk`s n` prharmemoiÿl s` motumgizml ohlstmlt`e`lt`. _i `stís
 

cu`rm n` mooiÿl phr ul ti`eph, prhlth t` mc`rrmrís m ohlhoiei`lths

hdshg`ths.
◈ @r`s tml du`lh oheh tus fmdiginmn`s n` ohniciomoiÿl. Oumgqui`rm qu` s`m
 

e`khr t` r``epgmzmrí mg ilstmlt`.

◈ Gm pr`oisiÿl y gm v`ghoinmn n` gm ohniciomoiÿl nic`r`loimríl `ltr` ul
 

du`l prharmemnhr y ul prharmemnhr qu` guofm, mulqu` `st` ûgtieh gh s`pm

thnh.
Ms`aûrmt` n` r`vismr `g sitih w`d hcioimg n` Zytfhl pmrm oumgqui`r motumgizmoiÿl
qu` pu`nm gg`amr `l `g cuturh. Motumge`lt`, `sths oÿniahs cu`rhl n`smrrhggmnhs
usmlnh Zytfhl ?.6.:, y pu`n` qu` ym fmyml sinh motumgizmnhs pmrm oumlnh g`ms
 

`st` gidrh. Emlt`lt` si`epr` mg nåm ohl gm ûgtiem v`rsiÿl n` Zytfhl y ZyOfmre.
Mfhrm qu` lhs f`ehs `stirmnh ul phoh, `s fhrm n` sue`rairlhs `l mgaulhs
t`olioisehs y `l `g eulnh n` Zytfhl.
¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` =

@stm s`ooiÿl phlnrí m pru`dm tus fmdiginmn`s pmrm `lt`ln`r `g `so`lmrih `

in`lticiomr si `g oÿniah culoihlmrí h si l`o`sitm s`r ehniciomnh. ^` pr`s`ltmré
vmrihs `so`lmrihs `l omnm ompåtugh. Or`o`ríl `l ohepg`kinmn y ghlaitun, phr gh
qu` `s iepr`soilnidg` qu` g`ms omnm ulm n` gms gål`ms ohrr`otme`lt`. Ilt`ltm lh
ohpimr y p`amr `g oÿniah mlt`s n` fmd`r gg`amnh m ulm ohlogusiÿl shdr` gm
ompmoinmn n`g prharmem pmrm culoihlmr h cmggmr. N`km qu` tu o`r`drh fmam `g
trmdmkh prie`rh. @ltrélmt` m ti eiseh y m tu e`lt` pmrm p`lsmr, mlmgizmr y
r`shgv`r prhdg`ems n` eml`rm `cioi`lt` y `c`otivm. Ohlcimr n`emsimnh `l `g IN@
lulom t` p`reitirí `xpghrmr tu tmg`lth pht`loimg y tus fmdiginmn`s n` r`shguoiÿl
n` prhdg`ems v`rnmn`rme`lt`
]-=; @g prharmem qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl cu` or`mnh pmrm ehstrmr
ulm omn`lm ohlomt`lmnm. ¸Or``s qu` gh siaui`lt` culoihlmrí8 ¸@sth
`ltr`amrí gm smginm r`qu`rinm n` "@sth s`rí mýmninh ohl `sth" h prhnuoirí
ulm smginm ohepg`tme`lt` nic`r`lt`8 _i `s mså, ¸phr qué8
strila= 5 "@sth s`rí mýmninh"
strila4 5 "Ohl `sth!"
rilt("omn`lm= + omn`lm4")
Z-4; @g siaui`lt` `s ul prharmem, `sorith phr ul prharmemnhr `xp`rth pmrm

ul l`ahoih
l`ahoih ulm ghomg
chremggmemnh "Z`t`'s
eís cimdg` Amrma`",
n` trmtmr qu` @g
gms ohsms. n`d`råm prhphroihlmr
prharmem mg
`stí `sorith
oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;
rilt('Di`lv`linh m Z`t`'s Amrma`')
lme` 5 ilput('Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ')
lûe`rhXn`Xtrmdmkh 5 ilt(ilput('Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh n` trmdmkh; '))
ohsthXn`Xr`pmrmoiÿl 5 =::
n`sou`lth 5 =0
thtmg 5 ohst`Xn`Xr`pmrmoiÿl - n`sou`lth
rilt("{lme`}, `g thtmg n` {lûe`rhXn`Xtrmdmkh} `s ${thtmg}")
 

rilt('Armoims phr tu l`ahoih')

¸Culoihlmrí `st` prharmem8 _i lh, ¸pu`n` in`lticiomr `g `rrhr qu` phnråm
omusmr qu` `st` prharmem s` dghqu`` h n`k` n` r`sphln`r8
Z-?; Pl `stunimlt` uliv`rsitmrih n`oiniÿ mremr ul prharmem qu` p`reitirí m
ghs pht`loimg`s `stunimlt`s `l gål`m n`g `xtrmlk`rh gg`lmr `g chreugmrih y
dusomr eís ilchremoiÿl shdr` ghs ourshs qu` g`s ilt`r`sml. @g chreugmrih s` v`
mså;
#Chreugmrih n` r`aistrh `l gål`m
rilt("Di`lv`linh m gm uliv`rsinmn MDO!")
 prilt("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom gm ilchremoiÿl l`o`smrim pmrm ohe`lzmr")
sXcXl 5 ilput("Iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
fhl` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu lûe`rh n` t`géchlh; ")
`e 5 "Iltrhnuo` tu ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh; "
ors 5 "@gikm su oursh;
 @g `stunimlt` g` fm p`ninh qu` r`vis` `g prharmem y qu` mv`ria÷` si fmy mgaûl
rhdg`em qu` n`dm s`r mdhrnmnh. Mv`riaum qué `s gh qu` `stí emg ohl `g
oÿniah y ohrria` ghs prhdg`ems.
Z->; Pl `stunimlt` fm or`mnh ul prharmem pmrm ulm píailm n` moo`sh `l ulm
didgiht`om pmrm `g lu`vh aruph n` usumrihs qu` s` momdm n` ulir. N`spués n`
ulm dr`v` iltrhnuooiÿl, s` pin` m thnhs ghs usumrihs qu` or``l sus pmr`s n`
lhedr` n` usumrih y ohltrms`ým. N`spués n` qu` ghs usumrihs fmyml
iltrhnuoinh sus ohltrms`ýms, omnm ohltrms`ým `s ohepmrmnm pmrm ms`aurmr 
qu` ohiloin`l. @g prharmem s` v` mså;
us`rlme` 5 ilput("Lhedr` n` usumrih; ")
msswhrn 5 ilput("Ohltrms`ým; ")
rilt("fms iltrhnuoinh gh siaui`lt`;")
rilt(us`rlme`.ghw`r())
rilt({pmsswhrn.ghw`r()}))
rilt(pmsswhrn55pmsswhrn.ghw`r)
¸Ouíg pmr`o` s`r `g prhdg`em mquå8 ¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `g oÿniah lh
culoihlmrí8 ¸]ué s` pu`n` fmo`r pmrm ms`aurmr qu` `g prharmem `epi`o` m
culoihlmr8
 

Z-0; _` g` piniÿ m ul prharmemnhr, ohl `xp`ri`loim y ohlhoiei`lths

ilt`re`nihs, qu` `soridi`rm ul prharmem qu` iepriei`rm vmghr`s dhhg`mlhs
mrm omnm armnh qu` ul `stunimlt` mnquiri`rm. Zmrm ghs armnhs n` M m D, `g
e`lsmk` `rm ieprieir S`rnmn`rh, ei`ltrms qu` htrhs s`råml ohlsin`rmnhs
 Cmgshs. @ofm ul vistmzh m `st` oÿniah y eirm
eirm si `sth culoihlmrí;
armn`s 5 R"M", "M", "D", "P", "C", "@", "N"U
chr gm V il armn`s;
  ic x 55 M h x 55 D;
  x 5 ^ru`
  ic x 55 ^ru`;
   prilt("Zmss")
  @gs`;
  x 5 Cmgsh
  prilt("Cmig")
@g `stunimlt` fm mciremnh qu` `g oÿniah culoihlÿ `xo`poihlmge`lt`. Mfhrm
n`p`ln` n` ust`n`s mlmgizmr `g oÿniah sil prhdmrgh prie`rh pmrm nmr sus
prie`rms iepr`sihl`s.
Dhlh; Ilt`ltm ehniciomr `g eiseh oÿniah ohl tus prhpihs vmghr`s y pi`lsm `l
mgah mûl e`khr pmrm prmotiomr.
]-3; Plm omn`lm ggmemnm ilitimgXe`ssma` ohlti`l` `g siaui`lt` e`lsmk`;
" Fhgm, momdh n` pmrtioipmr `l `g oursh. @sp`rh
@s p`rh qu` mgaûl nåm s`m pr
prharmemnhr.
harmemnhr.

―
_il gms oheiggms, s` g` piniÿ m ul prharmemnhr qu` mv`riaumrm gm ghlaitun n`
gm ou`rnm. Zmrm `ggh utigizÿ `g siaui`lt` eéthnh;
_trila.g`latf(ilitimgXe`ssma`)
¸@s `st` `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm oheprhdmr gm ghlaitun n` ulm omn`lm8 _i
lh, ¸ouíg `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth mpgiomdg` mquå8
Plm v`z qu` t`reil`l `sths `k`roioihs, or`h qu` `stmríl `l ulm e`khr phsioiÿl
pmrm `lt`ln`r y mlmgizmr su ohepr`lsiÿl n` ghs tiphs n` nmths dísiohs, gm siltmxis
y gm chrem `l qu` culoihlml gms vmrimdg`s. Mýmnå mgaulms situmoihl`s qu` lh
trmtmdml `xmotme`lt` ohl tiphs n` nmths y vmrimdg`s2 sil `edmrah, `sp`rh qu`
tmg`s pr`aultms y prhdg`ems surkml tmediél `l `g cuturh. Mfhrm, n`d`råm oht`kmr
 sus r`spu`stms ohl `g ûgtieh ompåtugh pmrm mv`riaumr ouílth punh hdt`l`r y si gms

r`shgviÿ ohrr`otme`lt`.
Zmrm mqu`gghs qu` fml gharmnh hdt`l`r eís n`g 1:%, ¡du`l trmdmkh! Zmrm mqu`gghs
qu` `stíl guofmlnh, g`s r`ohei`lnh qu` r`vis`l `g prie`r gidrh y vu`gvml m
r`vismr ghs tiphs n` nmths, vmrimdg`s y eéthnhs n` `ltrmnm pmrm r`cr`somr gh qu`
pu`nml
ompmz n`fmd`r hgvinmnh.
ohepr`ln`r `g Plm v`z eís,
ohlo`pth lh fmyv`z.
gm prie`rm qu` mv`rahlzmrs` n` lh fmd`r sinh
Gm prharmemoiÿl gg`vm ti`eph y m v`o`s, ilogush ghs e`khr`s prharmemnhr`s
pmsml nåms trmtmlnh n` mv`riaumr qué `s gh qu` `stí omusmlnh qu` su prharmem s`
omiam, sÿgh pmrm n`soudrir qu` pu`n`l fmd`r p`rninh ulm shgm oheiggm, ulm ohem,
h `sorith emg ulm vmrimdg` h ulm culoiÿl. @st` `s r`mge`lt` `g omsh y hourr` omsi
thnhs ghs nåms.
@s ohl gm iltrhnuooiÿl n` ZyOfmre qu` lu`strms vinms s` fml f`ofh euofh eís
cíoig`s. Iemailm t`l`r qu` `soridir prharmems `lt`rhs, n` fmstm =::: gål`ms, `l ul
dgho n` lhtms, qu` li siqui`rm ti`l` gm ompmoinmn n` oheprhdmr gm hrtharmcåm, y
euofh e`lhs in`lticiomr `rrhr`s pmrm oumgqui`r inihem n`spués n` `soridir.
Ptigizm `g phn`r n` Ilt`ggi_`ls`, ulm t`olhghaåm usmnm n`ltrh n` ZyOfmre, qu`
lhs p`reit` ohepg`tmr lu`strhs oÿniahs ohl `g ogiob n` ul dhtÿl. Mulqu` `sh
mfhrrm ti`eph, t` r`ohei`lnh qu` `soridms `g oÿniah ohepg`th. _i ti`l`s `g fídith
n` usmr Ilt`ggi_`ls` n` ZyOfmre, pu`n` qu` t` `lou`ltr`s ohl niciougtmn`s si t`
ul`s m ulm `epr`sm qu` s` dmsm `l `g IN@ n` oÿniah S_ n` Eiorhshct. _i`epr`
`s e`khr `soridir ghs oÿniahs ohepg`tme`lt` y ohrr`airghs oumlnh s`m phsidg`
mlt`s n` n`oinir `k`outmrghs.
Mfhrm, pmsmr`ehs m lu`strh s`aulnh ompåtugh. F`ehs r`vismnh y r`pmsmnh ghs
ohlo`pths y priloipihs eís dísiohs n` Zytfhl `l `st` ompåtugh. @s fhrm n` nmr `g
siaui`lt`
vmghr`s y pmsh y `ep`zmr^mediél
r`ohrnílnhghs. m prmotiomr ohl gms `ltrmnms
dusomr`ehs n`g usumrih,
ilchremoiÿl mgemo`lmlnh
qu` ohiloinm, y phr
ûgtieh, lhs `lohltrmr`ehs ohl `g prie`r prhy`oth qu` yh r`ohe`lnmråm m omnm
g`othr qu` r`vis` y ohepg`t` phr su ou`ltm.
^hnhs ghs prhy`oths n`g gidrh lh ti`l`l shguoihl`s n`cilitivms. Mpgiom `g
ohlhoiei`lth qu` fms mnquirinh fmstm mfhrm pmrm mýmnir m `sths prhy`oths y
fmo`rghs eís ohepg`khs ` ilt`rmotivhs.
 

Ompåtugh 4. T`aistrh n` gm ilchremoiÿl

Ghs prharmemnhr`s y sus prharmems lh pu`n`l `xistir sil ilchremoiÿl. Oumlnh
niah ilchremoiÿl, e` r`ci`rh m thnh gh qu` ti`l` qu` v`r ohl ghs nmths qu` s`
utigizml pmrm gm `ltrmnm, ghs oígoughs, gms pr`niooihl`s, gm them n` n`oisihl`s y gm
`v`ltumg smginm. Hdt`l`r gm ilchremoiÿl ohrr`otm p`rh mgemo`lmrgm `l gm vmrimdg`
`quivhomnm h t`l`rgm mtmnm ohl `g`e`lths qu` siepg`e`lt` lh s` p`rt`l`o`l
`ltr` så pu`n` omusmr ohlcusiÿl, y m v`o`s, prhdg`ems emsivhs.
Oheh prharmemnhr, l`o`sitmehs ms`aurmrlhs n` qu` smd`ehs `g tiph n`
ilchremoiÿl qu` l`o`sitmehs pmrm qu` ul prharmem `sp`oåcioh culoihl` ohl
éxith. ^`l`ehs qu` ms`aurmrlhs y oheprhdmr qu` gm ilchremoiÿl s` mgemo`lm `l
ohls`ou`loim y sÿgh s` ggmem, s` ehniciom h s` utigizm oumlnh gm situmoiÿl gh
r`qui`r`.
F`ehs oudi`rth ul du`l lûe`rh n` `k`epghs `l `g gidrh mlt`rihr, p`rh mquå,
vmehs m pmsmr phr oi`rths `so`lmrihs qu` phlnríl m pru`dm mûl eís sus
fmdiginmn`s y su p`lsmei`lth oråtioh. G`` ghs oÿniahs m chlnh, y n`d`råms s`r
ompmz n` r`shgv`rghs ohl cmoiginmn.
Mgemo`lmei`lth/T`oup`rmoiÿl n` ilchremoiÿl
Mulqu` `stm s`ooiÿl fmdgmrí priloipmge`lt` n` ghs msp`oths n` gm ilchremoiÿl `l
så eisem, tmediél lhs ms`aurmr`ehs n` emlt`l`r lu`strm príotiom n` oÿniah
giepih pmrm myunmr m ghs prharmemnhr`s m `lt`ln`r e`khr `g prharmem `l så
eiseh. @sp`rm mgaulhs t`ems `l ghs qu` `g prharmem phnråm s`r ohrr`oth, p`rh m
gm fhrm n` lhedrmr phnråm s`rt` n` myunm. @l situmoihl`s n` gm vinm r`mg, m
e`lunh t` `lohltrmrís ohl tmg`s prhdg`ems y, phr gh tmlth, l`o`sitmråm vhgv`r m
phl`r ghs lhedr`s pmrm fmo`r `g prharmem eís sialiciomtivh y e`khrmr gm
g`aidiginmn a`l`rmg n`g oÿniah. Niofh `sth, ¡ohe`lo`ehs!
 

^mr`m =; Pl str`me`r n` Yhu^ud` n`oiniÿ r`mgizmr ulm `lou`stm `l gm qu`

s` piniÿ m ghs usumrihs qu` ni`rml su hpiliÿl shdr` gh qu` g`s austmråm v`r `l
gm siaui`lt` trmlseisiÿl. _u trmdmkh `s or`mr ul prharmem qu` utigio` gm
siaui`lt` ilchremoiÿl ` iepriem `g r`sugtmnh n` gh qu` `g usumrih `giaiÿ,
ulth ohl ul e`lsmk` n` marmn`oiei`lth.
¸]ué n`d`råm trmlseitir8
 

m) Nmys Ahl`
 

d) T`sin`lt @vig 4
 

o) Chrtlit`
 

n) Mp`x G`a`lns
 

`) N`mtf _trmlnila
 

c) ¡_hrpréln`lhs!
 

@g e`lsmk` cilmg n`d`råm s`r;

Fm `g`ainh (hpoiÿl). ¡Mpr`oih su ti`eph y `sp`rh v`rg` `l gm prÿxiem!
@g `k`roioih `s dmstmlt` siepg`. Gm emyhråm n` `gghs r`qu`rirí qu` iepriem gm
ilchremoiÿl y qu` gu`ah mgemo`l` `g vmghr n` `ltrmnm n`g usumrih. Nis`ým `g
prharmem n` eml`rm qu` s`m ompmz n` `lt`ln`r qué `s gm "m" h gm "d" h oumgqui`r
omríot`r qu` `g usumrih `gikm, y gu`ah ieprie` gh eiseh `l ghs smgunhs cilmg`s.
Lh ti`l`s qu` pr`houpmrt` phr ieprieir `g lhedr` mg cilmg. _ÿgh gm g`trm n` gm
s`g`ooiÿl s`rvirí phr mfhrm.
T`ou`rnm, gm lmturmg`zm n`g prharmem, s`lsidg` m gms emyûsougms y eilûsougms,
mûl lhs p`rsiau`. Ptigizm eéthnhs oheh .ghw`r() pmrm ms`aurmrt` n` qu` s` mkustm
m lu`strhs r`qu`riei`lths. @l `g ûgtieh ompåtugh prhphroihlmré ei v`rsiÿl n`g
prharmem oheh shguoiÿl. Zhr mfhrm, siau` p`lsmlnh, siau` ohniciomlnh.
_ua`r`loim; Mulqu` pu`n`s usmr ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` "ic", r`ohe`lnmråm `vitmr
`sh phr mfhrm. Ilt`ltm p`lsmr `l e`nihs eís dísiohs pmrm mgemo`lmr y r`ohrnmr
vmghr`s. @sth s` pu`n` fmo`r cíoige`lt` sil `g ush n` gm gÿaiom y gms n`ogmrmoihl`s
"ic/`gs`". T`vismr`ehs `st` `k`roioih `l `g cuturh pmrm fmo`rgh ul phoh eís
ohepg`kh y mtrmotivh mg eiseh ti`eph.
 
^mr`m 4; Pl n`ltistm n`s`m qu` s` or`` ul prharmem pmrm su sitih w`d nhln`
s` g` pr`s`lt`l eûgtipg`s s`rvioihs m ghs ogi`lt`s. @g ogi`lt` `g`airí gm hpoiÿl y
s` g` pr`s`ltmrí ul thtmg phr `g s`rvioih qu` n`d` pmamr `g ogi`lt`. Ghs
s`rvioihs s` nml oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;
m)  ^`rmpim n` omlmg n` rmåz - $40:
d)  Of`qu`h n` fiai`l` hrmg - $0:
o)  ^rmtmei`lth n` g`sihl`s n` `e`ra`loim - $=::
n)  Of`qu`h phst-prho`niei`lth - $=0:
`)  Of`qu`hs n` rutilm y ohlsugtms - $10

Zmrm pmahs mltioipmnhs, ghs ogi`lt`s ti`l`l ul 0:% n` n`sou`lth.

Nis`ýmr ul prharmem qu` prhphroihl` mg ogi`lt` thnm gm ilchremoiÿl
 

l`o`smrim y nmr ul thtmg s`aûl gh qu` `g ogi`lt` `gikm.

¸Ohlcush8 Nékme` nmrt` ulm pistm. Lh pu`n`s mgemo`lmr nhs vmghr`s `l ulm shgm
vmrimdg` m e`lhs qu` qui`rms or`mr ulm gistm mquå. Lh pr`t`ln`ehs `sh. Zu`n`s
or`mr nhs vmrimdg`s s`pmrmnms, s`rvio`Xm y prio`Xm, h siepg`e`lt` pu`n` usmr
n`ogmrmoihl`s
emlhs. ohlnioihlmg`s pmrm e`khrmr `g prharmem. N`kh gm n`oisiÿl `l sus
_il `edmrah, pr`c`riråm usmr `g ûgtieh. @s euofh eís cíoig y e`lhs n`shrn`lmnh
`l gm lmturmg`zm.
Fmstm mfhrm, f`ehs visth nhs siepg`s `k`roioihs. Mfhrm, prhdmdg`e`lt` s`
fmdríl nmnh ou`ltm n` qu` lu`strhs prharmems pu`n`l or`o`r omnm v`z eís
armln`s y gmrahs `l gm lmturmg`zm oumlth eís ohepg`khs ilt`lt`ehs fmo`rghs.
Oumltm eís ilchremoiÿl t`lam, eís gål`ms n` oÿniah s` mahtmríl. @l situmoihl`s
tåpioms, s` `lohltrmrí ohl prharmems qu` mdmroml eís n` >:: gål`ms `l
prhe`nih, y `sths shl siepg`s auihl`s utigizmnhs phr ghs prharmemnhr`s pmrm
vmrihs prhpÿsiths.
Fhl`stme`lt` lh qui`rh msustmrt` h iltieinmrt` `l mdshguth, p`rh mquå ti`l`s ul
p`qu`ýh nmth pmrm qu` gh msieig`s.
 

_` or`` qu` Emo H_ V `s `g prharmem eís armln` qu` s` fm `sorith. Ohlti`l`

eís n`... `spérmgh... ¡60 eigghl`s n` gål`ms n` oÿniah!
_i iepriei`rm `sh y ohghomrm ghs pmp`g`s lhremg`s n` tmemýh M-> `l gål`m r`otm,
oudriråm ulm nistmloim ohlsin`rmdg`e`lt` armln`.
_il `edmrah, lh `stmehs mquå pmrm `stmdg`o`r ul réohrn eulnimg, mg e`lhs lh
thnmvåm. Lu`strh ehtivh `s eís siepg` y eís memdg` ohl lu`strhs n`nhs y
lu`strm e`lt`.
@sths `k`roioihs phlnríl m pru`dm, h ym fml pu`sth m pru`dm, sus ohlhoiei`lths
shdr` gm or`moiÿl n` vmrimdg`s, `g mgemo`lmei`lth n` ilchremoiÿl n` `ltrmnm n`g
usumrih, su ehniciomoiÿl (tmg v`z) y su r`oup`rmoiÿl pmrm oígoughs s`loigghs
tmediél. @l `g ohrmzÿl n` omnm prharmem s` `lou`ltrm gm ilchremoiÿl du`lm y
sÿginm. _il `sth, ghs prharmems lh t`lnríl lilaulm rmzÿl pmrm culoihlmr.
Mså qu` mfhrm qu` f`ehs mt`lninh m `sths nhs `k`roioihs, siamehs mn`gmlt` y
v`mehs qué eís phn`ehs fmo`r.
^mr`m ?; Pl omepus uliv`rsitmrih fm n`oininh or`mr ul prharmem qu`
 

n`t`reilmrí gm `g`aidiginmn n` ul shgioitmlt` `l dms` m ulms phoms pr`aultms

y ohlnioihl`s. Gm uliv`rsinmn `l ou`stiÿl g` fm p`ninh qu` or`` ul
prharmem pmrm r`aistrmr ghs siaui`lt`s nmths;
m) Lhedr`
 

d) @nmn
o) Mp`gginh
 
 

n) Zultumoiÿl a`l`rmg `l su ûgtieh r`sugtmnh n` gm pru`dm (n` 3::)

 

`) _i dusom ulm d`om

 

@l dms` m gms siaui`lt`s ohlnioihl`s, s` n`oinirí gm `g`aidiginmn pmrm gm

mneisiÿl y pmrm gm d`om;
Zmrm gm mneisiÿl;
◈ @g `stunimlt` n`d` fmd`r mgomlzmnh mg e`lhs ul 3:% n` pultumoiÿl
 

aghdmg h sup`rihr pmrm s`r mneitinh.

◈
 

Zmrm gm d`om;
◈ @g `stunimlt` n`d` t`l`r mg e`lhs ulm pultumoiÿl n`g 6:% `l `g
 

`xme`l pmrm phn`r hptmr m gm d`om.

Or`mr ul prharmem ohl ghs nmths n` tr`s `stunimlt`s nic`r`lt`s qu` fml
mnquirinh ul >1=, ?0> y 0:4 `l ohls`ou`loim. Ieprieir sus r`sugtmnhs `l
dms` m gms ohlnioihl`s mlt`rihr`s.
@st` `k`roioih s`rí dmstmlt` gmrah y r`qu`rirí qu` utigio`s gm ilchremoiÿl y gms
n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s pmrm `k`outmrgh m gm p`rc`ooiÿl. ^mediél s` utigizm
ul eÿnugh sieigmr pmrm `g oígough n` gm pultumoiÿl n`g _ist`em n` Ogmsiciomoiÿl
Ohep`titivm (OT_) n` Omlmní ohl cil`s n` ileiarmoiÿl.
Oumlnh r`su`gvm prharmems y situmoihl`s ohepg`kms, mltioipm nÿln` n`d`
`stmdg`o`r gms vmrimdg`s y utigåzmgms. _i s` pi`rn`l phsioihl`s ogmv`, su prharmem
t`lnrí ilchremoiÿl p`rh lh culoihlmrí h s`rí utigizmnh mn`oumnme`lt`.
@s `s`loimg s`ýmgmr qu` l`o`sitmrís t`l`r ulm ohepr`lsiÿl dísiom n` gms
hp`rmoihl`s emt`eítioms oheh gm eugtipgiomoiÿl, gm nivisiÿl, `to., ym qu` éstms t`
myunml `lhre`e`lt` m or`mr e`khr`s prharmems.
Zytfhl t` p`reit` s`r tml or`mtivh oheh pu`nms. _i or``s qu` `stís mtmnh phr
r`striooihl`s, t` shrpr`ln`rí smd`r qu` lh fmy lilaulm. Zu`n`s mpgiomr Zytfhl m
príotiome`lt`
mn`oumnhs pmrmthnh
ulm pmrm or`mr
r`o`tm h gmprharmems qu` t` niaml
omltinmn ohrr`otm si ti`l`s
pmrm pmamr tus ghs ilar`ni`lt`s
n`unms. Zu`n`s
 

usmrgh pmrm fmo`r ul prharmem n` pr`niooiÿl qu` pu`n` pr`n`oir ghs phsidg`s
r`sugtmnhs pmrm qu` t` pr`pmr`s pmrm thnms gms `v`ltumginmn`s y mså
suo`sivme`lt`.
Gms armln`s hramlizmoihl`s `epr`smrimg`s utigizml `sths prharmems qu` pu`n`l
pmr`o`r siepg`s
prharmemnhr, p`rh qu`
`s lu`strh ti`l`lr`mgizmr
trmdmkh euofhgh qu`
qu` fmo`r `l `gfmo`r,
s` l`o`sitm chlnh.oÿeh
Ohehs`
`k`outmrí y oÿeh s` pu`n` gharmr `g r`sugtmnh n`s`mnh. _i`epr` us` ul pmp`g `l
dgmloh pmrm nidukmr `g nimarmem n` cgukh. Lh fmy ul nimarmem n` cgukh `sp`oåcioh
pmrm qu` siams, gh qu` sialiciom qu` pu`n`s v`lir ohl sus in`ms phr su ou`ltm y `g
empm n` `gghs. @s n` arml myunm pmrm gm pmrt` n` prharmemoiÿl n` thnh `g
`k`roioih. Mn`gmlt`, iltélt`gh pmrm `g `k`roioih mlt`rihr (si mûl lh gh fm f`ofh), n`
gh ohltrmrih, utigio` ulh pmrm oumgqui`rm n` ghs `k`roioihs qu` `lohltrmrí eís
mn`gmlt`.
¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` 4

Plm v`z eís,

ohepigmnh lhs sue`rair`ehs
n` vmrims `l mgaulhs
cu`lt`s. _u hdk`tivh `s v`r yprharmems qu`usmr
mlmgizmr, sil f` ZyOfmre
or`mnh y/h
h
oumgqui`r IN@, si phnråml h culoihlmr.
]-=; Pl prharmemnhr in`ÿ ul prharmem qu` `lohltrmråm `g lûe`rh eís
mgth n` ul ohlkulth n` lûe`rhs nmnh. Ghs lûe`rhs prhphroihlmnhs s`
mgemo`lmrhl oheh ulm gistm `l ulm vmrimdg` n` gm gistm ggmemnm
'lued`rXnmtm' y `g prharmem qu` nis`ýÿ s` v`åm mså;
lued`rXnmtm 5 R?4?, 4:9, 09::, ?=:94, ?>:4, ?96:?, 16?>=, 196>?1>:, 690,
31>9, 461:96>U
chr lued`r il lued`rXnmtm;
  ic lue 7 lued`r;
  lue 5 lued`r
rilt(lue)
¸Culoihlmrí `g oÿniah mlt`rihr8 ¸]ué fmy n` emgh ohl `g oÿniah8
Lh t` pr`houp`s phr ghs duog`s y si gms n`ogmrmoihl`s, trmtm n` mlmgizmr `g `rrhr
mquå. Mnivilm y gu`ah ohepru`dm tu r`spu`stm. Gu`ah pu`n`s prhdmrgh `l
ZyOfmre pmrm v`r si gms ohsms culoihlml h s` om`l.
]-4; Pl prharmemnhr iln`p`lni`lt` cu` `lomramnh n` or`mr ul prharmem
siepg` pmrm`ln`t`reilmr
Dmsílnhs` gm `g`aidiginmn
mgaulm ilchremoiÿl n` ul p`rcig`sp`oåcioms,
y ohlnioihl`s pmrm ul muth-préstmeh.
oheh qu` `g
 

omlninmth n`d` s`r e`lhr n` >0 mýhs, n`d` t`l`r ul eålieh n` ul oi`rth
lûe`rh oheh ilar`shs y lh n`d` t`l`r mlt`o`n`lt`s p`lmg`s, `g prharmem
n`dåm n`t`reilmr si gm eisem p`rshlm `rm `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh h lh.
@g prharmemnhr `soridiÿ `g siaui`lt` prharmem;

rilt("_u pu`rtm m gm v`riciomoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!")

rilt("Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs e`khr`s
r`sugtmnhs")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu `nmn; "))
ilohe` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs phr e`s; "))
lmtur`XhcXkhd 5 ilput("¸^rmdmkms m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h oheh
mutÿlheh8; ")
fmsXgio`ls` 5 ilput("¸^i`l`s ulm gio`loim víginm8 Rs/lU; ")
ic fmsXgio`ls`.ghw`r() 55 "y";
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 ^ru`
`gs`;
  fmsXgio`loim 5 Cmgs`
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 5 ilput("@l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l`s mlt`o`n`lt`s
`lmg`s8 Rs/lU; ")
ic ma` < >0 mln ilohe` <5 6::: mln fmsXgio`ls` 55 tru` mln
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 55 Cmgsh;

   prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")

`gic ma` 7 >0 mln ilohe` <5 0::: mln fmsXgio`ls` 55 ^ru` mln
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 55 Cmgs`;
   prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm shgioitmr ul préstmeh")
 @gic fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn;
   prilt("Lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")
`gic ilohe` 7 0:::;
   prilt("Lh `s `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")

`gs`;
    prilt( Zhr cmvhr, t`lam pmoi`loim, ym qu` ulh n` lu`strhs `sp`oimgistms s`

hlnrí `l ohltmoth")
Mg `k`outmr ulm eu`strm, `g r`sugtmnh cu` `g siaui`lt`;
¡^u pu`rtm m gm v`riciomoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!
 Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs e`khr`s
r`sugtmnhs
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; Khfl _eitf
 Iltrhnuzom su `nmn; ?6
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs e`lsumg`s; 6?::
¸^rmdmkm m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h oheh mutÿlheh8; M ti`eph
ohepg`th
¸^i`l` ulm gio`loim víginm8 _å.
 @l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l` mlt`o`n`lt`s p`lmg`s8 Lh.
 Lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh
 Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm :
¸Or``s qu` `g prharmem s` `k`outÿ ohrr`otme`lt`8 _i lh, ¸ouíg or`` qu` `s
`g prhdg`em8
M v`o`s, gm shguoiÿl `s dmstmlt` hdvim. N`d`råm s`r ompmz n` r`ohlho`r `g `rrhr
ile`nimtme`lt` si pu`n` `lgmzmr ghs pulths y v`r qué vmghr s` `stí r`ohrnmlnh y
qué vmghr/`stmnh `stí iepriei`lnh gm vmrimdg`. Lh pu`nh nmrg` eís pistms qu`
`sh. Ilt`lt` p`lsmr `l `sth. Plm v`z ogmsiciomnh, pms`ehs m htrh.
Z-?; Oheh prhy`oth `sohgmr, s` g` piniÿ m omnm `stunimlt` qu` in`mrm ul
prharmem qu` lh sup`rmrm gms =: gål`ms y qu` cu`rm ompmz n` fmo`r mgaulms
emt`eítioms dísioms pmrm prhnuoir r`spu`stms. @g `stunimlt` in`ÿ ul
prharmem siepg` qu` pin` mg usumrih qu` t`og`` ul lûe`rh y g` fmrí smd`r
si `g lûe`rh `s pmr h iepmr. @g prharmem `s oheh s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl;
rilt("@g lûe`rh `s pmr h iepmr!")
lue 5 ilput("Iltrhnuoir ul lûe`rh; ")
ic (lue % 4) 5 :;
   prilt("{:} `s pmr")
`gs`;
    prilt("{:} `s iepmr")

¸Or``s qu` `g prharmem culoihlmrí8 ¸]ué `rrhr`s, si ghs fmy, or`` qu`
omusmríl prhdg`ems mg `stunimlt`8
Ghs ku`ahs siepg`s pu`n`l s`r m v`o`s dmstmlt` `ltr`t`linhs. Ei`ltrms
oheprhdmdm `g oÿniah yh eiseh, pmsé eís n` ulm fhrm trmdmkmlnh `l ég sil
lilaulm rmzÿl. Ehniciqué ghs vmghr`s, gms ohlnioihl`s y tuv` dmstmlt` ti`eph.
Mquå fmy ulm situmoiÿl eís, m v`r si pu`n`s r`shgv`r `g prhdg`em phr tu ou`ltm.
]->; Oheh prhy`oth pmrmg`gh, ul prharmemnhr n`oiniÿ or`mr ul prharmem
siepg` qu` p`reit` m ghs usumrihs smd`r si `g mýh, e`loihlmnh phr `g
usumrih, `s ul mýh disi`sth h lh. @g mýh disi`sth s` omgougm n`t`reilmlnh si `g
mýh `s `xmotme`lt` nivisidg` phr `g lûe`rh ">" y `l `g omsh n` ul mýh n`
siagh, oheh `g mýh 4:::, n`d` s`r `xmotme`lt` nivisidg` phr >::.
Psmlnh `g ohlo`pth mlt`rihr, `g prharmemnhr `soridiÿ `st` oÿniah;
rilt("Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth")

mýh 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; "))

ic (mýh / >) 55 :;
  ic (mýh / =::) 55 :;
  ic (mýh / >::) 55 :;
  prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")
  `gs`;

   prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)

`gs`;
  prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")
Oumlnh `g oÿniah s` `k`outÿ ohl `g mýh 4:4:, gm r`spu`stm cu` gm siaui`lt`;
¡Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth!
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; 4:4:
 @g 4:4: lh `s ul mýh disi`sth
 Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm :
¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `s `sh8
 (Zrharmeiz; fttps;//www.prharmeiz.ohe/pytfhl-prharmeeila/`xmepg`s/g`mp-
fttps;//www.prharmeiz.ohe/pytfhl-prharmeeila/`xmepg`s/g`mp-

y`mr)
Gh mlt`rihr `s `l r`mginmn ulm in`m driggmlt`. Mulqu` ym `s ul phoh tmrn`, s`
pu`n`l in`mr chrems eís ilt`r`smlt`s n` usmr tmg`s ilspirmoihl`s y prharmems
pmrm gg`amr m mgah eís sialiciomtivh.
Ghs prharmemnhr`s n` thnh `g eulnh fml dusomnh ohl mfåloh chrems n`
siepgiciomr mûl eís gms ohsms qu` lhremge`lt` pmsmehs phr mgth. Zi`lsm di`l y
pi`lsm di`l `l ghs msulths n` gm vinm qu` r`qui`r`l mgah n` trmdmkh y qu` pu`n`l
s`r e`khrmnhs. Zi`lsm `l tus prhpims in`ms a`luilms h ilt`ltm e`khrmr ghs
prharmems qu` ym `xist`l mfå cu`rm.
Ilt`rl`t `stí gg`lh n` tmg`s prharmems. Ghs `lohltrmrís `l euofms pgmtmchrems,
chrhs y sitihs w`d shoimg`s. _ÿgh ti`l`s qu` lmv`amr m trmvés n` `gghs, oheprhdmr
`g oÿniah cu`lt` y v`r si ti`l`s n`r`ofh m ehniciomr `g oÿniah pmrm gg`amr m mgah
vidrmlt` y e`khrmnh.
Or`h qu` `s fhrm n` qu` dusqu`ehs mgah lu`vh, mgah cr`soh y mgah qu` s`m
r`mge`lt` n`smcimlt`.
Zrhy`oth - =
Mlt`s n` prhphroihlmrg` su prie`r prhy`oth, p`reåtme` rípinme`lt` mrrhkmr mgah
n` guz shdr` gh qu` pu`n` `sp`rmr n` `sths prhy`oths.
Omnm prhy`oth s`rí ûlioh, ym qu` omnm ulh n` lhshtrhs t`lnrí nic`r`lt`s in`ms
shdr` oÿeh gg`vmr m omdh gm tmr`m y `k`outmr gm eisem. Ghs prhy`oths s`ríl
nis`ýmnhs pmrm prhphroihlmrt` tmr`ms mpmr`lt`e`lt` siepg`s, sÿgh pmrm n`soudrir
qu` tmg v`z t`lams qu` fmo`r mgah eís qu` ohpimr y p`amr dghqu`s n` oÿniah n`
ul mrofivh m htrh.
Ptigio` sus ohlhoiei`lths n` ohniciomoiÿl n` thnms gms cu`lt`s, ym qu` éstms lh
`stmríl giamnms m ompåtughs ilnivinumg`s. @l ghs prhy`oths `s nhln` t` `lohltrmrís
ohl thnh tiph n` prhdg`ems, situmoihl`s y `so`lmrihs. Zmrm r`shgv`rghs, h
t`reilmrghs ohl éxith, l`o`sitmrís usmr vmrihs eéthnhs n`sn` `g priloipih, fmstm
`g cilmg n` msulths ohepg`khs oheh culoihl`s, ogms`s y eÿnughs.
G` prhphroihlmré `lgmo`s n`sn` ghs qu` phnrí n`somramr eÿnughs `sp`oåciohs,
didgiht`oms h ogms`s pmrm cmoigitmr `g prho`sh. Ym smd`s oÿeh iephrtmrghs m tu
ZyOfmre usmlnh `g eéthnh "crhe x iephrt y" h "iephrt xyz". Ilt`ltm fmo`r qu`
ul `so`lmrih n` msp`oth siepg` s`m ohepg`kh ` ilt`r`smlt`. Ohltilûm
n`smrrhggmlnh `sths prhy`oths ohl `g ohlhoiei`lth mvmlzmnh qu` `sp`rms hdt`l`r
n`spués
e`khr`s n` `st` gidrh.yPlshctwmr`
prharmems prharmemohltilûml
lulom `stísi`lnh
r`mge`lt` ohepg`th.ohl
motumgizmnhs Ilogush ghs
lu`vhs
 ohlhoiei`lths, eÿnughs y vmrimoihl`s.

_iau` prmotiomlnh y mýmni`lnh eís m `sths prhy`oths. ]uiél smd`, pu`n` qu`
t`reil`s ohl mgah euofh eís sup`rihr y ûtig qu` ul siepg` e`lsmk` qu` niam
"Fhgm Eulnh" mg cilmg.
 
^mr`m;
Or`mr ul siepg` ku`ah n` "Zi`nrm, Zmp`g, ^ik`rm" nhln` gm oheputmnhrm a`l`rm
vmghr mg mzmr y pin` mg usumrih qu` iltrhnuzom su s`g`ooiÿl. @g r`sugtmnh n`d`
ehstrmr si `g usumrih amlm h pi`rn`, h si `s ul `epmt`.
T`quisiths;
Zmrm ohepg`tmr `st` prhy`oth, t`lnrí qu` utigizmr gh siaui`lt`;
 Zmqu`t`s;
N` gm iephrtmoiÿl mg`mthrim n` rmlnilt - @stm s`rí su prie`rm gål`m n` oÿniah.
Tmlnhe vi`l` pr`ilstmgmnh y t` p`reit` chrzmr m gm oheputmnhrm m mg`mthrizmr gm
s`g`ooiÿl. @sth t` myunmrí m ms`aurmrt` n` qu` omnm turlh s`m ûlioh `
iepr`n`oidg`.
Fmy dmstmlt`s eml`rms n` ohepg`tmr `st` prhy`oth. Oheh r`c`r`loim, tmediél
ohepmrtiré ei shguoiÿl pmrm `st` prhy`oth mg cilmg n`g gidrh.
 Zhr cmvhr, t`l `l ou`ltm qu` n`s`h mliemrghs m `xpghrmr `g eulnh n` Zytfhl y m
utigizmr sus prhpihs `lchqu`s a`luilhs, m oheuliomrs` ohl gm oheulinmn y m
mpr`ln`r e`khr`s chrems n` ohniciomr. Zhr `stm rmzÿl, lh ohepmrtiré ghs
n`tmgg`s n` ghs prhy`oths qu` s` `stíl gg`vmlnh m omdh. Ohl austh ohepmrtiré gms
r`spu`stms m gms pr`aultms y shguoihl`s m htrhs prhdg`ems. @g r`sth, ghs ilvith m
usmr su phn`r n` n`nuooiÿl y prharmemoiÿl pmrm mpr`ln`r e`khr.
Fmstm mfhrm, f`ehs f`ofh mgaulhs `k`roioihs, ou`stihlmlnh gh qu` `rm ohrr`oth y
gh qu` lh. Ilogush ilioimehs lu`strh prie`r prhy`oth, qu` `s dmstmlt` n`smcimlt`
pmrm s`r kusths. _il `edmrah, thnh n`p`ln` n` gh di`l qu` `lti`lnms tus
culnme`lths. Oumlth e`khr ghs ohlhzoms, eís cíoig s`rí pmsmr n` s`r ul
priloipimlt` m ul prharmemnhr ilt`re`nih y `v`ltumge`lt` m ul prharmemnhr
`xp`rth. _i lh `stís s`aurh n` oi`rths msp`oths, si`epr` `s ul du`l fídith r`vismr
ghs ohlo`pths y r`pmsmr gh qu` fms mpr`lninh.
@s fhrm n` n`oir mniÿs m gms vmrimdg`s y m ghs vmghr`s mgemo`lmnhs y pmsmr m
lu`strhs meiahs, gms n`ogmrmoihl`s y ghs duog`s.
 

Ompåtugh ?. Ohrri`lnh `l oåroughs -

¡Git`rmge`lt`!
@g eulnh n` ghs duog`s y gms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s `s ul eulnh qu`
ilvhguorm euofh p`lsmei`lth. @sth phlnrí m pru`dm su p`lsmei`lth mlmgåtioh y
oråtioh, su ompmoinmn n` r`shguoiÿl n` prhdg`ems y g` phlnrí `l ulm situmoiÿl
dmstmlt` iloÿehnm. @g truoh n`trís n` omnm ulm n` `ggms `s `lt`ln`r
ouinmnhsme`lt` oÿeh culoihlml.
Oheh si`epr`, p`rshlmge`lt` r`ohe`lnmråm usmr ul dhgåarmch y ul pmp`g, h `g
`nithr n` t`xth n` su `g`ooiÿl `l su hrn`lmnhr, pmrm nidukmr prie`rh `g `so`lmrih
usmlnh nimarmems n` cgukh y nimarmems. Zmrm nmrg`s ulm in`m, mquå fmy ulm;
 

^mdgm qu` eu`strm ul cgukh n` n`ogmrmoiÿl ohlnioihlmg siepg` "ic" n` ul

rho`sh.
@g ush n` tmdgms h nimarmems n` cgukh lhs myunm `lhre`e`lt` m cmoigitmr gms
ohsms y m n`smrrhggmr ulm e`khr ohepr`lsiÿl n` gm lmturmg`zm n` gm tmr`m `l
ou`stiÿl. Euofhs
eís p`qu`ýms pmrmarmln`s prharmemnhr`s
ms`aurmrs` n` qu` s` prie`rh mlhtml sus in`msoumlnh
eir`l ilnivinumge`lt`, `l pmrt`s
s`m
phsidg`. Fmoi`lnh `sth, pu`n`l `lthlo`s o`ltrmrs` `l tmg`s aríciohs pmrm `lt`ln`r
ohepg`tme`lt` oÿeh `g prharmem l`o`sitm culoihlmr y ouíg`s s`ríl ghs
r`sugtmnhs dmsmnhs `l `g omeilh qu` `g usumrih the`.
N`g eiseh ehnh, s` r`ohei`lnm `lomr`oinme`lt` qu` s` utigio`l tmg`s tmdgms h
aríciohs pmrm myunmr m n`smrrhggmr pg`lme`lt` `g nheilih n` gms n`ogmrmoihl`s
"ic" y "`gs`" y, `l ûgtiem ilstmloim, nheilmrgms. Lh fmy htrm eml`rm n` n`oir `sth,
mså qu` sÿgh gh niré; _i n`s`m or`mr prharmems ilt`gia`lt`s, lulom phnrí fmo`rgh
sil n`smrrhggmr ulm ohepr`lsiÿl prhculnm n` `stms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s y
duog`s.
Niofh `sth, ohltilu`ehs lu`strm dûsqu`nm pmrm p`rc`ooihlmr lu`strm
ohepr`lsiÿl n` gms n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s y ghs duog`s.
"ic" h "chr" - ¡@sm `s gm ou`stiÿl!
Dmstmlt`s v`o`s, ilogush yh pmsmdm nåms trmtmlnh n` mv`riaumr si l`o`sitmehs usmr
gms ohlnioihl`s n` "ic" y "`gs`" u hptmr phr ulm ohedilmoiÿl n` "chr" y "wfig`".
@st` `s ulh n` ghs msp`oths eís nicåoig`s n` gm prharmemoiÿl, p`rh `s ulh qu`
oi`rtme`lt` pu`n` `ltr`amr gm tml l`o`smrim omginmn n`g prharmem.
G` pgmlt`mré vmrims pr`aultms y `so`lmrihs. Oumlnh s`m phsidg`, tmediél g` fmré
smd`r `g r`sugtmnh n`s`mnh qu` n`d` gharmr. _u trmdmkh, oheh prharmemnhr, `s
mv`riaumr si l`o`sitm usmr n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s, duog`s h ulm ohedilmoiÿl
n` medhs pmrm gharmr niofh r`sugtmnh.
@sth s`rí nicåoig, phr gh qu` `s `s`loimg qu` us`s tu IN@ cmvhrith ` ilt`lt`s ohl
`sths. Zi`lsm `l tus phsidg`s shguoihl`s y ohepírmgms ohl gms qu` s`
prhphroihlml mg cilmg n`g gidrh pmrm v`r si cuist` ompmz n` mdrirgms ohl éxith.
^mr`m =; _` g` fm p`ninh m ul prharmemnhr qu` or`` ul prharmem siepg` `l
`g qu` n`d` trmzmr ghs nåaiths n`g o`rh mg lu`v` `l pmgmdrms. @g prharmem g`
p`nirí m ul usumrih qu` iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh, y `g prharmem ieprieirí `g
eiseh `l ul t`xth `l su guamr. @g r`sugtmnh n`s`mnh `s `g qu` s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl;
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh; >=03:4?91 
 

_mginm; Oumtrh Plh Oiloh _`is O`rh Nhs ^r`s Lu`v` _i`t`
¸Oÿeh or``s qu` s` pu`n` gharmr `sth8 ¸L`o`sitmråmehs usmr ul duog` mquå 
h ul ohlkulth n` n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s8
Lh `s tml cíoig oheh pmr`o`, ¸v`rnmn8 Zu`nh `ep`zmr ohl ulm pistm2 usmr ul
niooihlmrih pmrm or`mr pmr`s ogmv`-vmghr pmrm lûe`rhs y pmgmdrms.
Gh qu` ti`l`s qu` fmo`r m ohltilumoiÿl `s mdshgutme`lt` tu n`oisiÿl. ^ÿemt` tu
ti`eph, ym qu` lh s` t` fm iepu`sth lilaûl gåeit` n` ti`eph. @l `st` ehe`lth,
`stís prmotiomlnh y mpr`lni`lnh m s`r ul e`khr prharmemnhr. Zu`n`s utigizmr tu
ti`eph di`l y sil gåeit`s n` ti`eph pmrm ouepgir. @l ghs `so`lmrihs n`g eulnh
r`mg, pu`n` qu` l`o`sit`s smd`r thnh `sth n` mlt`emlh pmrm qu` lh t`reil`s
p`rni`lnh `g ti`eph. _i lh `r`s ompmz n` fmo`r `sth, mgaui`l eís gh fmrí.
Mquå `stí lu`strm s`aulnm tmr`m pmrm p`lsmr y r`shgv`r.
^mr`m 4; Pl `stunimlt` gg`vÿ m omdh ul prharmem qu` omgougÿ `g ohst` n`

`lvåh `l
n` `g
ulthtmg
eilhristm hlgil`y `g
n`g omrrith pmrm
pmås`gn`
ogi`lt`. @g prharmem
r`sin`loim dmsmråm
n`g ogi`lt` `g ohst` n`
`l ou`stiÿl.
 

Gm tmdgm n` mdmkh eu`strm ghs n`tmgg`s n` ghs amsths n` `lvåh;

     
Zmis ^htmg Zr`oih n` `lvih
     
P_M 7$0: Cr``
$0: - $99 $=:
$=:: - $4>9
 <$40: $40
 $0:
 

     
MP 7$0: $=:
$0: - $99 $4:
$=:: - $4>9 $0:
 <$40:  $=::
     
OM 7$0: $0
$0: - $99 $=0
$=:: - $4>9 $?:
 <$40:  $10
     
PB 7$0: $4:
$0: - $99 $40

$=:: - $4>9
 <$40: $00
 $==:
Psmlnh gm ilchremoiÿl mlt`rihr, `g `stunimlt` cu` ompmz n` or`mr `g
prharmem ohl éxith.
¸]ué or``s qu` fizh `g `stunimlt`8
@sth phnråm s`r r`mge`lt` siepg`, p`rh piéls`gh di`l ` ilt`lt` qu` s`m gh eís
marmnmdg` phsidg`. _i n`s`m msueir ul phoh n` n`smcåh, mar`au` gistms y tupgms m
gm e`zogm pmrm prhdmrs` eís m så eiseh.
Omnm prharmem qu` s` `lou`ltrm mquå s` pu`n` fmo`r n` oi`lths n` eml`rms, si
lh
dmsmeig`s. Zmrm eå, `g`lvmsh
ohepg`tme`lt` pu`n`
oÿeh pmr`o`r gms
mlmgizmehs e`nih vmoåh
ohsms y gmsyeirmehs.
pmrm ti, e`nih gg`lh. _`
Zhlt` tu ahrrm n` p`lsmr y pmrm gm prÿxiem, lh ohpi`s y p`au`s `g oÿniah `l tu
ZyOfmre thnmvåm. Eirm m v`r si pu`n`s n`t`otmr `g prhdg`em ohl `st`.
^mr`m ?; @r`s ul prharmemnhr mg qu` s` g` fm `lohe`lnmnh gm tmr`m n`
or`mr ul ku`ah siepg` p`rh ilt`gia`lt` qu` mgemo`lm ul lhedr` qu` ghs
usumrihs t`lnríl qu` mnivilmr. Mg prhphroihlmr `g lhedr` `quivhomnh, `g
prharmem prhphroihlmrí pistms. Pst`n fm or`mnh `g siaui`lt` prharmem, sil
`edmrah, pmr`o` qu` fmy mgah emg mquå.
lme` 5 'Kme`s'.
au`ss 5 ilput("^`lah ul lhedr`. ¸Zu`n`s ilt`ltmr mnivilmrgh8; ")
 

au`ssXlue 5 :
emxXau`ss 5 0
wfig` au`ss !5 lme` mln au`ssXlue 55 emxXau`ss;
  prilt(c"E` t`eh qu` lh `s n`g thnh ohrr`oth! Zistm; g`trm {au`ssXlue +=} ")
 prilt(au`ssXlue + =, "`s", lhedr`Rau`ssXlueU + ". ")
 au`ss 5 ilput("Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh; ")
 au`ssXlue 5 au`ssXlue + =
ic au`ssXlue 55 emxXau`ss y lhedr` !5 au`ss;
  prilt("¡My! Cmggmst`. @g lhedr` `rm", lme` + ".")
`gs`;
 prilt("Di`l, gh ohls`auist` `l", au`ssXlue + =, "ilt`lths!")

Ilt`ltm
y mlmgizmlhghsmgtmr m tu omusmlnh
qu` `stí IN@ pmrm qu`
r`shgv`r `sth. Zrie`rh,
`st` prharmem tÿemt`
t`reil` omsi ul ehe`lth h nhs
ile`nimtme`lt` mg
prhphroihlmr ul lhedr` ilohrr`oth. _`aurme`lt`, n`d` fmd`r mgah qu` lh `stí
di`l.
G`m ouinmnhsme`lt` `ltr` gms gål`ms n` oÿniah y prhlth phnrí r`shgv`r `g msulth.
Ilt`ltm r`shgv`r `g prhdg`em y gu`ah pru`dm gm phsidg` shguoiÿl `l tu IN@ pmrm
v`r si culoihlm.
Plm v`z eís, t` mlieh m e`khrmr gms ohsms ehniciomlnh `g oÿniah m tu austh.
Fmy oi`lths n` ku`ahs qu` s` pu`n`l ilv`ltmr, qu` shl siepg`s y m gm v`z
purme`lt` `ltr`t`linhs pmrm ghs n`eís. Oheh prharmemnhr`s, lhs `lhraugg`o`
smd`r qu` cuiehs
prharmems ompmo`s
s` vhgv`ríl eísn`ohepg`khs
`k`outmr oÿniahs
m e`ninmohl
qu``cioi`loim
prhar`s`ly `l
cmoiginmn.
su vimk`Ghs
n`
prharmemoiÿl. Zmrm mqu`gghs ilt`r`smnhs `l ul mpr`lnizmk` prhculnh y `l `g
mpr`lnizmk` n` gm eíquilm, `sp`r`l oi`lths n` gål`ms n` oÿniah pmrm `ltr`lmr m gm
eíquilm. Zmrm `ggh, l`o`sitmríl `stmr di`l v`rsmnhs ohl omsi thnhs ghs eéthnhs
`xist`lt`s, thnms gms culoihl`s y eÿnughs nisphlidg`s `l Ilt`rl`t pmrm smomr `g
eíxieh prhv`ofh n` gm `xp`ri`loim.
Zrhy`oth - 4
@s fhrm n` htrh prhy`oth. Ym qu` `stmehs fmdgmlnh n` ku`ahs, or`mr ul prharmem
Zytfhl qu` p`reitm mg usumrih ohlho`r su sialh mstrhgÿaioh n`sn` gm c`ofm n`
lmoiei`lth nmnm. @g prharmem
eir` `l ghs p`qu`ýhs pu`n`s`pmr`o`r
n`tmgg`s, prhlth dmstmlt`
nmrí ou`ltm cíoig,
n` qu` p`rh
`sth ulm v`z
r`qu`rirí qu`
p`lsmr
 

ul phoh cu`rm n` gm omkm.

Zmrm `st` prhy`oth, lh vhy m nmr pistms li ul ehn`gh m s`auir. Ym ti`l`s `g
ohlhoiei`lth, y n`d`råms s`r ompmz n` `k`outmr `st` ohl cmoiginmn y ul phoh n`
n`giomn`zm tmediél. Lh l`o`sitms lilaûl eÿnugh h pmqu`t` `sp`oimg pmrm gg`vmr m
omdh `st`qué
pmrm v`r prhy`oth.
sialh n`g^hnh gh qu`
zhnåmoh l`o`sitms
`epi`zm `s ulm
oumlnh dûsqu`nm
t` phl`s rípinm `l Ilt`rl`t
`l emrofm.
M trmvés n`g `lsmyh y `rrhr, n`d`råm s`r ompmz n` or`mr ul prharmem qu` s`m
ompmz n` trmdmkmr cíoige`lt` y n` chrem `xo`poihlmg. _i s` `lou`ltrm ohl
prhdg`ems, trmt` n` r`shgv`rghs phr su ou`ltm `l guamr n` dusomr ulm shguoiÿl `l
Ilt`rl`t.
_i tmg`s prhy`oths g` ilt`r`sml, pu`n` `lohltrmr euofhs eís dusomlnh
"Zrhy`oths Zytfhl pmrm priloipimlt`s" y ohe`lzmr. Oumlths eís prhy`oths `l ghs
qu` trmdmk`s, e`khr mpr`ln`rís. Emlt`lt` mt`lth m gm n`emlnm n` `sths nåms y
phlt` oheh hdk`tivh qu` mgaûl nåm pu`nms gg`vmr m omdh ulm prharmemoiÿl n` ul
liv`g qu` t` pmau` di`l.
Zr`aultms y r`spu`stms
N`s`mråm qu` `st` cu`rm ul ku`ah `l `g qu` puniérmehs v`r quiél gin`rm ohl
ouílths pulths y smd`r quiél r`sphlniÿ ohrr`otme`lt` m gms pr`aultms. _il
`edmrah, lh n`kmr`ehs qu` `sh s` ilt`rphlam `l `g omeilh n`g mpr`lnizmk`.
T`sphln` tmltms pr`aultms oheh pu`nms. Zmrm fmo`r `sth ilt`r`smlt`, tÿemt` tu
ti`eph ` ilt`ltm r`sphln`r m thnms gms pr`aultms `l =: eiluths. Mg cilmg n` ghs
=: eiluths, n`t`lt` y r`vism tus r`spu`stms pmrm v`r nÿln` `stís pmrmnh.
]-=; ¸]ué fmo` `g hp`rmnhr 558
  =. Msialm ul vmghr
4. T`ou`rnm y ohiloin` ohl `g vmghr n` gms vmrimdg`s mlt`s y n`spués n` ég
?. G` p`reit` m Zytfhl smd`r qu` lh n`d` `quipmrmr gms vmrimdg`s
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
]-4; ¸]ué pmsm ohl `g oÿniah n` mdmkh8
x 5 4:
y 5 ?:
z 5 >:
 ic x < y;

prilt("Mgah `stí emg mquå")

 
=. Ym qu` x `s e`lhr qu` y, `g prharmem s` dghqu`mrí y n`vhgv`rí ul `rrhr
4. z lh s` ggmem, phr gh qu` `g prharmem lh culoihlmrí
?. Gm ohlnioiÿl lh vm s`auinm n` ulm iln`ltmoiÿl
>. Lh fmy lmnm emgh `l `g prharmem

Z-?; ¸Ouíg s`rí `g r`sugtmnh n`g siaui`lt` prharmem8

mgcm 5 'Drmvh'
Drmvh 5 'Ofmrgi`'.
Ofmrgi` 5 'Mgcm'.
chr ofmr il mgcm;

  ic ofmr !5 'm';
prilt(ofmr)
 
=. Drmvh
4. Ofmrgi`
?. Mgcm
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

]->; ¸Ouíg `s gm nic`r`loim `ltr` =::/?: y =::/?:8

 
=. @s sÿgh ul `rrhr n` e`omlharmcåm.
4. Medhs nmríl ghs eisehs r`sugtmnhs.
?. Gm / ehstrmrí ulm ciaurm cghtmlt` ei`ltrms qu` gm // ehstrmrí ul r`sth `lt`rh.
>. Gm / ehstrmrí ul r`sth `lt`rh ei`ltrms qu` gm / / ul r`sth cghtmlt`.

Z-0; ¸]ué ieprieirí `g oÿniah qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl oheh

r`sugtmnh si ul ohof` `stí vimkmlnh m 10 eiggms phr fhrm8
omrXsp``n 5 ilt(ilput("@lt`r Omr's ourr`lt sp``n; "))
moo`g`rmtihl 5 4: #p`r s`ohln
 thpXsp``n =::

tie` 5 : #il s`ohlns

ic omrXsp``n 55 :;
  tie` 5 thpXsp``n // moo`g`rmtihl
  prilt(c"N`d`råm themr {ti`eph} s`aulnh(s) pmrm qu` `g muth mgomlo` su
v`ghoinmn eíxiem")
  #Zmrm ul v`fåough `stmoihlmrih
`gs`;
  tie` 5 (thpXsp``n - omrXsp``n) // moo`g`rmtihl
  prilt(c―qu` themråm {tie`} s`aulnh(s) pmrm mgomlzmr gm v`ghoinmn eíxiem.
#Zmrm ul v`fåough `l ehviei`lth
 
=. 0 s`aulnh(s)
4. ? s`aulnh(s)
?. = s`aulnh(s)
>. @g prharmem n`vhgv`rí ul `rrhr

]-3; ¸Ouílnh n`d`råms usmr ul duog` "chr"8

 
=. Oumlnh l`o`sitmehs ulm smginm `sp`oåciom
4. Oumlnh l`o`sitmehs it`rmr shdr` ul rmlah n` `g`e`lths
?. Oumlnh n`s`mehs `stmdg`o`r ulm oi`rtm ohlnioiÿl pmrm qu` s`m v`rnmn`rm h
cmgsm
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

Z-1; ¸]ué ilniom `g siaui`lt` `rrhr8

trmo`dmob (gm ûgtiem ggmemnm eís r`oi`lt`);
  Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/ZCD-4/Zrhk`ot-
4.py", gål`m =, `l 7eÿnugh<
omrXsp``n 5 ilt(ilput("@lt`r Omr's ourr`lt sp``n; "))
Smgu`@rrhr; ilvmgin git`rmg chr ilt() witf dms` =:; "mdo
 Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` =
  

=. @g prharmem s` `str`ggÿ n`dinh m ulm `ltrmnm n` vmghr ilvíginm

4. @g prharmem s` `str`ggÿ phrqu` 'mdo' lh cu` iltrhnuoinh oheh ulm omn`lm
?. Psÿ oheiggms siepg`s `l guamr n` oheiggms nhdg`s
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
]-6; @g siaui`lt` prharmem utigizm `g eÿnugh gha=: n`g pmqu`t`
'emt`eítioh'. @g prharmem cu` nis`ýmnh pmrm gg`vmr m omdh mgaulms
hp`rmoihl`s mriteétioms pmrm prhdmr ghs vmghr`s y gm culoihlmginmn n`g
prharmem. ¸]ué pmr`o` `stmr emg mquå8
crhe emtf iephrt gha=:
m 5 ilput("ilar`sm `g prie`r vmghr; ")
d 5 ilput("ilar`sm `g _`aulnh vmghr; ")
rilt(m, "+", d, "`s", m + d)
rilt(m, "-", d, "`s", m - d)
rilt(m, "*", d, "`s", m * d)
rilt(m, "/", d, "`s", m / d)
rilt(m, "%", d, "`s", m % d)
rilt(c"@g ghamriteh n` gm dms` =: n` {m} `s {gha=:(m)}")
rilt(m, "\", d, "`s", m**d)
 
=. Gms omn`lms lh `stíl chremt`mnms ohrr`otme`lt`
4. Ghs vmghr`s n` `ltrmnm s` mgemo`lml oheh omn`lms `l guamr n` `lt`rhs
?. Gm culoiÿl gha=: lh culoihlmrí n`ltrh n` ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm
>. ^hnh gh mlt`rihr
]-9; ¸]ué fmo` ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "`gic" qu` "`gs`" lh pu`n` fmo`r8
 
=. Gms ohlnioihl`s @gic shl ohlnioihl`s s`oulnmrims qu` s` `k`outml oumlnh gm
ohlnioiÿl priloipmg `s cmgsm
4. Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` @gic lh r`qui`r`l ohlnioihl`s, ei`ltrms qu` gms n`eís
n`ogmrmoihl`s så.
?. Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` @gic shl `xmotme`lt` gms eisems qu` gms n`eís
 ?. Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` @gic shl `xmotme`lt` gms eisems qu` gms n`eís
n`ogmrmoihl`s

>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

Z-=:; ¸]ué prhnuo` gh siaui`lt` oheh r`sugtmnh8

n`c fiafXlued`r(lued`rs);

  emx 5 lued`rsR:U
  chr lued`r il lued`rs;
  ic lued`r 7 emx;
  emx 5 lued`r
  r`turl emx
gist 5 R4=, 4::, ?=, =, ?9U
rilt(fiafXlued`r(gist))
 

=. ?9
4. 0
?. 4::
>. =
]-==; @s l`o`smrih usmr gms n`ogmrmoihl`s "ic" omnm v`z qu` s` usml ghs
duog`s. ¸@stm n`ogmrmoiÿl `s v`rnmn`rm h cmgsm8
¡Y pmrm! Ohl su`rt`, cuist` ompmz n` fmo`r thnh `sth `l `g gåeit` n` ti`eph n` =:
eiluths. Lh `sp`rh qu` `sth fmym sinh ulm tmr`m cíoig, ym qu` =: eiluths lh `s
`xmotme`lt` euofh, p`rh n` lu`vh, cu` ul n`smcåh.
Di`l f`ofh phr fmd`r mlhtmnh tmlths oheh tû. @g n`smcåh lh `rm v`r quiél phnåm
ohls`auir gm emyhråm n` gms r`spu`stms ohrr`otms. @l r`mginmn `stmdm nis`ýmnh
pmrm ms`aurmr qu` siaui`rms prmotiomlnh. Ilogush si `rms ompmz n` ohls`auir ulm
n` `stms r`spu`stms ohrr`otms, usmlnh tu ohlhoiei`lth y lh sÿgh ulm ohlk`turm
smgvmk`, n`eu`strm qu` `stmdms pr`stmlnh mt`loiÿl y trmtmlnh n` `lt`ln`r `g
prhdg`em pmrm gg`amr m ulm shguoiÿl. @s` `s `xmotme`lt` `g tiph n` motitun y
oheprheish qu` lhs gg`vmrí eís o`rom n`g éxith.
^ÿe`s` ul n`somlsh, si fm `stmnh prmotiomlnh nurmlt` ul ti`eph. _` nio` qu` gm
e`lt` fuemlm l`o`sitm ulh h nhs eiluths pmrm r`gmkmrs` n`spués n` omnm >0
eiluths. ^` gh fms amlmnh. Plm v`z qu` r`ar`s`s, mvmlo`ehs y trmt`ehs n`
mlmgizmr eís prharmems y v`r `l qué s` fml `quivhomnh gms p`rshlms.
 ¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` ?

Fhl`stme`lt`, `sth ym s` `stí ohlvirti`lnh `l ei s`ooiÿl cmvhritm. Zhn`ehs v`r

euofhs prharmems y s`ýmgmr ghs `rrhr`s, y `l `g prho`sh, phn`ehs mpr`ln`r
euofh eís. N` f`ofh, ilogush lhs ilspirmehs `l mgaulhs n` `sths prharmems
pmrm fmo`r mgah sieigmr. @stél mt`lths m ghs prharmems qu` pu`nml pmr`o`r
ilt`r`smlt`s, ym qu` si`epr` pu`n`l ehniciomr su culoihlmei`lth. _il `edmrah,
`sth lh si`epr` `stí p`reitinh phr gm g`y.
Gh e`khr `s ms`aurmrs` n` qu` prie`rh ohlhzom sus n`r`ofhs ohl r`sp`oth m gm
ohpim h `nioiÿl n` niofh oÿniah. Zmrm `st` gidrh, lh ti`l` qu` pr`houpmrs`
euofh.
]-=; Pl prharmemnhr n`oiniÿ or`mr ul prharmem siepg`, sÿgh pmrm
prmotiomr gms ohlnioihl`s dísioms n` "si" y "si lh". @soridiÿ `g siaui`lt`
prharmem;
lme`5 "Khfl"
ma` 5 ??
isXemrri`n 5 ^ru`
isXfmppy 5 ilput("¸@stís ohlt`lth8; ")
ic isXfmppy.ghw`r() 55 "y`s";
  prilt("¡Di`l f`ofh!")
`gs`;
  prilt('_i`lth hår `sh')
 
Mulqu` `g prharmem culoihlm di`l, fmy mgah qu` `stí emg. ¸Zu`n`s
mv`riaumr qué `s8 N`d`råms s`r ompmz n` `gieilmrgh y `g prharmem s`auirí
culoihlmlnh ohrr`otme`lt`.
Z-4; Pl `stunimlt` n`ciliÿ ulm culoiÿl oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;
n`c besXthXeig`s(nistmlo`);
 nistmlo` * :.34=
Mg trmtmr n` usmrgh, `g prharmem n`vhgviÿ ul vmghr n` "Lilaulh" oheh
r`sugtmnh. ¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `sh suo`niÿ8
 
=. @g `stunimlt` lh n`d` fmd`r pmsmnh `g pmríe`trh mprhpimnh.
 4. Gm nistmloim utigizmnm fmdråm sinh `l eiggms, n` mfå `g `rrhr.

?. @g `stunimlt` hgvinÿ usmr "r`thrlh" mlt`s n`g oígough ei`ltrms n`cilåm gm

culoiÿl.
>. Lh t`lah li in`m n` phr qué fm cmggmnh `sth. N`d`råm fmd`r culoihlmnh.

Z-?; ¸Or`` qu` `g siaui`lt` prharmem n`d`råm culoihlmr8 _i lh, ¸phr qué8
r`o`s 5 R0, =:, =0, 4:, 40U
thtmg 5 :
chr it`e il prio`s;
  thtmg +5 it`e
rilt(c"_u pr`oih thtmg `s; ${thtmg}")
Lh ilt`lt` ohpimr `g oÿniah `l su IN@. Ilt`ltm mlmgizmr gm situmoiÿl prie`rh
pmrm v`r si pu`n`s n`t`otmr ul `rrhr.

]->; @l lu`strh gidrh mlt`rihr, pmsmehs phr ul prharmem n` `k`epgh oheh

s` eu`strm;
chr m il rmla`(?);
  chrd il rmla`(?);
  chr o il rmla`(?);
  prilt(c"({m}, {d}, {o}")
_i omedimrm ghs vmghr`s n` ghs rmlahs n` mrridm m mdmkh m ?, 4, =,
r`sp`otivme`lt`, ¸culoihlmråm `g prharmem8 ¸Ouíg s`råm `g r`sugtmnh8
]-0; _`aûl ul `stunimlt`, gm iln`ltmoiÿl `s ill`o`smrim y lh n`d`råm omusmr
lilaûl prhdg`em mg `k`outmr ul prharmem. @g htrh `stunimlt` `s n` gm in`m
n` qu` Zytfhl pr`stm mt`loiÿl m ghs `spmoihs `l dgmloh y phr gh tmlth gm
iln`ltmoiÿl `s euy iephrtmlt` pmrm emlt`l`r `g oÿniah y hramlizmrgh `l
ohls`ou`loim. ¸Ouíg n` ghs nhs or`` qu` `s `g ohrr`oth8
]-3; Eirm `g crmae`lth n` oÿniah n` mdmkh. Cu` themnh n` ul prharmem
qu` cu` nis`ýmnh pmrm it`rmr shdr` ghs pmr`s n` t`ogms n` ul niooihlmrih.
smginm 5 ""
chr ofmr il lued`r;
  hutput +5 whrns.a`t(ofmr) + " " "
rilt(hutput)
 ¸]ué fmo` `g hp`rmnhr +5 mquå8

]-1; Pl mnhg`so`lt` quish ieprieir ul siepg` nis`ýh `l pitÿl oheh

r`sugtmnh. @g nis`ýh qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl cu` `g r`sugtmnh;
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
********
*********
**********
¡Yh gh fio`!
**********
*********
********
*******
******
*****

****
***
**
*
¸Or``s qu` `sth s` pu`n` fmo`r usmlnh duog`s8 _i `s mså, ¸pu`n`s ohniciomr `g
prharmem8
Zmrm mqu`gghs qu` r`ou`rn`l ghs nåms `l qu` `g NH_ s` ohlsin`rmdm mgah lu`vh,
s`aurme`lt` or`mehs euofhs n` `sths pmtrhl`s y nis`ýhs. Mfhrm, Zytfhl pu`n`
gg`vmr m omdh `sh, p`rh `l guamr n` n`p`ln`r sÿgh n` gms n`ogmrmoihl`s iepr`sms,
usmehs duog`s pmrm fmo`r ul trmdmkh `xt`lsh pmrm lhshtrhs.
 Fmy eís eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s oheh `g n` gm thrtuam, qu` t` myunm m or`mr mgaulhs

nis`ýhs ilor`ådg`s. ^urtg` `s ul pmqu`t` pr`ilstmgmnh ilohrphrmnh, y n`d`råms

phn`r iephrtmrgh cíoige`lt`. Zu`n`s `lohltrmr cíoige`lt` tuthrimg`s `l gål`m pmrm
v`r n` qué s` trmtm thnh `g msulth, y phsidg`e`lt` usmr ghs eisehs pmrm v`r ouíl
cíoige`lt` Zytfhl pu`n` fmo`r lu`strh trmdmkh phr lhshtrhs.

Zytfhl
ohl sÿgh`s`soridir
euofh ulms
eís phoms
qu` ulgål`ms.
g`laumk`
Ohln`gm ohniciomoiÿl. _` pu`n`
myunm n` tu IN@ fmo`r
cmvhrith, gmseuofh
ohsms
e`khrmríl gm `xp`ri`loim y emlt`lnríl mgtm gm ourvm n` mpr`lnizmk`. Ohl pytfhl,
si`epr` pu`n`s mpr`ln`r mgah lu`vh.
Fmdgmlnh n` gh lu`vh, `s fhrm n` qu` eir`ehs `l lu`strh prÿxieh ompåtugh y
lhs `lohltr`ehs ohl htrh msp`oth n` gm prharmemoiÿl qu` oudriehs `l `g ûgtieh
gidrh; ¡Culoihl`s!
 

Ompåtugh >. Psmlnh gms culoihl`s

ohrr`otms
Ym f`ehs visth oÿeh gms culoihl`s pu`n`l myunmrlhs `lhre`e`lt` m gg`vmr m
omdh y hramlizmr dghqu`s emsivhs n` oÿniah `l ulm siepg`, pmgmdrm h nhs gmrams
culoihl`s r`ohrnmdg`s. _i `sh lh `s sucioi`lt`, Zytfhl trm` mgaulms n` gms e`khr`s
culoihl`s pr`n`cilinms m gm e`sm pmrm myunmrlhs m gg`vmr m omdh tmltms htrms
tmr`ms sil prhdg`ems.
Mulqu` lh lhs sue`rair`ehs `l culoihl`s qu` `stíl euy phr `loiem n`g
mgomlo` n` ul priloipimlt`, s`auir`ehs ilv`stiamlnh prhdg`ems `l ghs qu`
v`r`ehs si n`t`reilmnms culoihl`s lhs myunmråml h lh.
^ÿe`s` ul ti`eph pmrm ms`aurmrs` n` qu` r`pmsm `g gidrh mlt`rihr `l omsh n` qu`
l`o`sit` r`cr`somr su e`ehrim y r`vismr ghs ohlo`pths qu` fmy n`trís n` gms
culoihl`s y oÿeh culoihlml. Plm v`z ogmsiciomnhs, prho`nmehs ohl lu`strhs
`k`roioihs, pr`aultms y `so`lmrihs.
Oÿeh fmo`r qu` ghs prharmems n` culoihlmei`lth culoihl`l
@g hdk`tivh n` `stm s`ooiÿl n`g gidrh `s r`chrzmr ghs ohlo`pths r`gmoihlmnhs ohl
gms culoihl`s. Zmrm qu` `sth s`m ul phoh eís ilt`r`smlt` qu` htrhs, g`
prhphroihlmré `so`lmrihs pmrm qu` ghs gg`v` m omdh phr su ou`ltm y ghs ohlvi`rtm
`l prharmems pg`lme`lt` culoihlmg`s. _` g`s prhphroihlmrí ulm shguoiÿl mg cilmg.
^hnh gh qu` l`o`sitms `s ms`aurmrt` n` qu` g``s `g `so`lmrih y gh visumgizms pmrm
hrn`lmr gh qu` l`o`sitm ir m nhln`, y gu`ah chremr ul prharmem ohepg`tme`lt`
culoihlmg.
M pmrtir n` `st` ehe`lth, g`s prhphroihlmré vmrihs `so`lmrihs, omnm ulh n` ghs
oumg`s ohlsist` `l prharmems qu` t`lnríl qu` or`mr. Mgaulhs n` `sths pu`n`l
r`qu`rir qu` fmaml ul phoh n` ilv`stiamoiÿl tmediél. _il `edmrah, si s` utigizm
mgaûl eéthnh, didgiht`om, eÿnugh h pmqu`t` `sp`oimg, g`s prhphroihlmré ghs qu`
`stíl n`ltrh n` gms ilstruooihl`s.
 
]-=; N`d`s or`mr ulm culoiÿl qu` omgoug` gm tmricm n` ul tmxi. Gm tmricm n`g
tmxi s` ohephl` n` ulm tmricm dms` n` $?.:: y gu`ah $:.=: phr omnm =::
e`trhs r`ohrrinhs. Or`m ulm culoiÿl qu` the` gm nistmloim oheh ûlioh
 pmríe`trh (`l be) y qu` n`vu`gvm `g vmghr n` gm tmricm thtmg mpgiomdg`.
Ohltilû` ohl ul prharmem pmrm ehstrmr gm lmturmg`zm n`g culoihlmei`lth

n` gm culoiÿl.
Gm situmoiÿl `s dmstmlt` cíoig. ^hnh gh qu` l`o`sitms `s trmdmkmr `l gm culoiÿl y
trmdmkmr ghs n`tmgg`s `l ohls`ou`loim. @g r`sth s` ohghomrí `l su guamr
mutheítiome`lt`. ^ÿe`s` su ti`eph y prho`s` gm ilchremoiÿl.
Gh sé, `s cíoig s`ltirs` mdruemnh. Plm rípinm eirmnm m Ilt`rl`t sÿgh t` n`kmrí
ohlculninh. Nm p`qu`ýhs pmshs y `epi`zm phr mgaûl sitih. Ohl ti`eph y ul phoh
n` ohepr`lsiÿl, prhlth `lt`ln`rís `g ohlo`pth y phnrís r`shgv`r `stms
situmoihl`s cíoige`lt`.
@g prÿxieh qu` vi`l` `s mûl eís nicåoig. F`ehs `ltrmnh `l gm cms` `l gm qu`
phn`ehs n`oir mniÿs m ghs prharmems n` oiloh m ni`z gål`ms. @s e`khr n`kmrghs ir
y prmotiomr `l prharmems eís armln`s y ohepg`khs pmrm pugir sus fmdiginmn`s y
fmo`r qu` smgaml n` su zhlm n` ohlchrt y ohei`lo`l m `xpghrmr ohrr`otme`lt`.
Z-4; Pl ogi`lt` g` fm p`ninh qu` or`` ul prharmem r`utigizmdg` qu` ohlt`lam
culoihl`s r`utigizmdg`s. Gm prie`rm situmoiÿl `s or`mr ulm culoiÿl qu` or``
ulm dmrmkm n` omrtms virtumg.
Oheh fmy 04 omrtms, gms omrtms ohl vmghr`s lueériohs n`g nhs mg lu`v`
`stmríl r`pr`s`ltmnms phr sus r`sp`otivhs lûe`rhs. Zmrm =:, Khtm, T`ilm,
T`y y Ms, s` r`qui`r` usmr ^, K, ], B y M.
N`spués n`g vmghr lueérioh/mgcmdétioh fmdrí htrh omríot`r pmrm r`pr`s`ltmr
`g trmk`. Ps` gm f pmrm ohrmzhl`s, gm o pmrm trédhg`s, gm n pmrm nimemlt`s y gm
s pmrm pioms.
N`d`s or`mr ulm culoiÿl qu` lh the` lilaûl pmríe`trh y qu` utigio` duog`s
pmrm it`rmr m trmvés n` thnms gms omrtms y mgemo`lmrgms ohl ulm mdr`vimturm
n` nhs omrmot`r`s `l ulm gistm. Gm culoiÿl sÿgh n`d` n`vhgv`r `stm gistm oheh
r`sugtmnh.
_ua`r`loim; ^`lnrís qu` usmr gh siaui`lt` oheh tu gål`m n` ilioih.
 Crhe rmlnhe iephrt rmlnrmla`
Zmrm `sth, `sp`rm ulms oumltms gål`ms n` oÿniah. _u ohepg`th ohlhoiei`lth shdr`
Zytfhl s`rí prhdmnh y oheprhdmnh `l `st` y `l ghs siaui`lt`s. Lh fmy l`o`sinmn
n` mpr`surmrs` `l gms ohsms. _i lh `r`s ompmz n` fmo`rgh gm prie`rm v`z, pu`n`s
ilv`stiamr ul phoh y hdt`l`r mgaulms sua`r`loims. Yh r`ohe`lnmråm lh smgtmr m
gms shguoihl`s n` ile`nimth. ^rmtm n` `epukmr tu o`r`drh pmrm qu` pi`ls` ul
phoh cu`rm n` gm omkm. Fmy euofh qu` mpr`ln`r, y gm ûliom eml`rm n` mpr`ln`rgh
`s ilt`ltmrgh.
 Z-?; Pl ohg`am g` fm p`ninh qu` myun` `l ul prhy`oth n` Zytfhl. Gm tmr`m

`s or`mr ulm culoiÿl qu` pu`nm a`l`rmr ulm ohltrms`ým mg`mthrim pmrm ul
usumrih qu` ohlt`lam `ltr` 3 y 6 omrmot`r`s oheh eíxieh.
Zmrm `ggh, t`lnrí qu` utigizmr gh siaui`lt`;
 Crhe rmlnhe iephrt rmlnilt 
sfhrt`stXpmss 5 3
emxXpmss 5 6
eilXM_OII 5 ??
emxXM_OII 5 =43
Gm culoiÿl n`d` a`l`rmr ul vmghr mg`mthrih n` gms phsioihl`s ?? m =43 n` gm
tmdgm M_OII. @stm culoiÿl lh themrí lilaûl pmríe`trh.
@g `k`roioih mlt`rihr t` phlnrí m pru`dm y pu`n` qu` ilogush r`qui`rm ul phoh n`
ilv`stiamoiÿl `l gm tmdgm M_OII, si lh fms visth ulm mlt`s. _i`epr` `s du`lh
gg`vmr m omdh mul
prharmemnhr phoh n`mûl
shdr`smgir ilv`stiamoiÿl, ym fmo`ehs.
eís `l gh qu` qu` lhs myunm `lhre`e`lt` oheh
Plm n` gms n`oisihl`s eís nicåoig`s n` themr oumlnh s` or`m ulm culoiÿl `s
ohlho`r `g pmríe`trh ohrr`oth qu` s` n`d` usmr pmrm qu` gm culoiÿl culoihl`.
Zu`n`s usmr omsi oumgqui`r mraue`lth qu` pms`s `ltr` pmrélt`sis pmrm ohlv`rtirgh
`l ul pmríe`trh. M v`o`s, pu`n` qu` lh l`o`sit`s lilaûl pmríe`trh, oheh
viehs `l mgaulhs n` ghs `k`roioihs mlt`rihr`s. @l tmg`s omshs, `s e`khr n`kmr `g
pmríe`trh `l dgmloh.
@l omsh n` nunm, ohlsugt` si`epr` gm nhoue`ltmoiÿl n` Zytfhl pmrm smd`r eís
shdr` ghs niv`rshs pmríe`trhs qu` pu`n` utigizmr pmrm n`cilir gms culoihl`s. Zmrm
r`ohrnmr culoihl`s,
mvish n`d`råm ehstrmrpms` `g n`
`g tiph rmtÿl phr `loiem
pmríe`trhs n` ghsutigizmr
qu` pu`n` pmrélt`sis y ul culoiÿl.
ohl niofm p`qu`ýh

¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` >

]-=; M ohltilumoiÿl s` eu`strm ulm culoiÿl f`ofm phr `g usumrih qu` `stí
nis`ýmnm pmrm it`rmr m trmvés n` ul rmlah nmnh y dusomr `g lûe`rh eís
mgth. ¸Culoihlmrí gm culoiÿl oumlnh s` ggme`8
n`c fiafXlued`r(lued`rs);
  emx 5 lued`rsR:U

  chr lued`r il lued`r;

   ic lued`r 7 emx;

  emx 5 lued`r
  r`turl emx.
gist 5 R4=, 4::, ?=, =, ?9U

fiafXlued`r(gist)
Z-4; ¸Ouíg pmr`o` s`r `g prhdg`em ohl gh siaui`lt`8
n`c tfisXculotihl();
  prilt("fhgm n`sn` `stm culoihl!")
tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras(lme`, ar``tila);
  prilt(c"Fhgm {lme`}, ¡N`sn` `stm culoiÿl!, t` n`s`h {ar``tila}")
tfisXculotihl()
tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras()

]-?; ¸]ué fmråm `stm culoiÿl8

n`c pgus (m, d);
sue 5 m + d
 (sue, m)
sue, m 5 pgus(?,>)
rilt(sue)
]->; ¸Zu`n` ohghomr ul duog` n`ltrh n` ulm culoiÿl oheh s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl8

n`c pgus(*mras);
thtmg 5 :
chr i il mras;
  thtmg +5 i
 r`turl thtmg
rilt(pgus(4:,?:,>:,0:))
Mfhrm qu` f`ehs r`vismnh dmstmlt`s ohlo`pths y eéthnhs, y tmediél culoihl`s,
vmymehs m lu`strh prhy`oth cilmg y v`mehs n` qué s` trmtm.
Zrhy`oth cilmg - @g mfhromnh
 ¸T`ou`rnms `g vi`kh ku`ah ggmemnh @g mfhromnh 8 ¸@g qu` ilvhguormdm `spmoihs
`l dgmloh y ul lûe`rh gieitmnh n` mnivilmlzms pmrm mnivilmr ulm p`gåougm, ul

lhedr`, ulm p`rshlm, ulm oiunmn h mgah eís8 Zmrm tu prhy`oth cilmg, n`oinå fmo`r
ulh nicåoig. Pl prhy`oth qu` usmrí omsi thnh gh qu` fms mpr`lninh.
Zmrm e`khrmr mûl eís, si `k`outms `g prharmem ohrr`otme`lt`, pu`n`s
mgemo`lmrgh oheh ulm culoiÿl r`ohrnmdg` h or`mr ul pmqu`t` s`pmrmnh pmrm qu`
pu`nms
`l gål`m,usmrgh
usm tuulm y htrm
prhpih v`z. Mulqu`
`lchqu` fmy oi`lths
ûlioh. _iélt`t` gidr`n`n`vmrimoihl`s
lmv`amr phrpmrm `st` ku`ah
Ilt`rl`t pmrm
ilspirmrt`.
T`quisiths;
^`lnrí qu` usmr gh siaui`lt` oheh prie`rm gål`m;
iephrt tie`
]u` `st` s`m ul prhy`oth n`g qu` s` si`ltm hraugghsh, ulm v`z qu` `sté t`reilmnh.
Mg cilmg n` `st` prhy`oth, t`lam gm s`aurinmn n` qu` `stí gisth pmrm msueir ghs
r`ths y hcr`o`r ulhs `xquisiths ohlhoiei`lths n` prharmemoiÿl m mqu`gghs qu`
r`qui`r`l prharmemnhr`s oheh tu.
@g vimk` n` ul prharmemnhr lh t`reilm mquå. Fmy n`emsimnms ohsms phr n`gmlt`
ohl gms qu` t`lnrís qu` emlt`l`r `g riteh. Mpr`ln` shdr` vmrims gidr`råms,
eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s pmrm v`r oÿeh pu`n`l mphrtmr r`cilmei`lth m tus prhy`oths.
Zmrm mqu`gghs ilt`r`smnhs `l `g mpr`lnizmk` mutheítioh, gm muthemtizmoiÿl, gm
ilt`gia`loim mrticioimg y `g mpr`lnizmk` prhculnh, s` `lohltrmríl ohl mgaulhs
lhedr`s oheh _oibit-G`mrl, ^urtg` y mgaulhs eís. Mulqu` thnmvåm `s
n`emsimnh prhlth pmrm `ltrmr `l `sths, `s ulm du`lm in`m `ofmrg`s ul vistmzh y
v`r oÿeh s` ohephrtml `l gm mooiÿl.
 

Ompåtugh 0. ¡Gms shguoihl`s!

Cilmge`lt`, ul ompåtugh nhln` lh ti`l`s qu` pr`houpmrt` phr r`shgv`r ghs
`k`roioihs. Fms r`pmsmnh omnm ourvm, omnm `so`lmrih y omnm `k`roioih n` `st` gidrh
n` trmdmkh, y phr `ggh, e`r`o`s gms eís silo`rms c`gioitmoihl`s. E` mg`arh n` qu`
fmyms f`ofh tu e`khr `scu`rzh pmrm r`shgv`r `sths `k`roioihs.
Zmrm thnh prharmemnhr, `g ohei`lzh `s si`epr` `g emyhr hdstíough. Plm v`z qu`
t` phl`s m p`lsmr `l gms ohsms y `epi`zms m or`mr ul prharmem, gms ohsms s`
`epi`zml m mgil`mr mutheítiome`lt`. Gm ilchremoiÿl ill`o`smrim `s
mutheítiome`lt` heitinm phr tu o`r`drh m trmvés n` sus phn`r`s ohalitivhs y gm
ohepr`lsiÿl n` gm emt`rim. ^hnh gh qu` qu`nm `lthlo`s `s ulm zhlm aris qu`
n`soudriehs eís mn`gmlt` m trmvés n` vmrihs `lsmyhs y `rrhr`s.
Lh fmy lilaûl mtmkh pmrm mpr`ln`r m prharmemr n` eml`rm qu` t` p`reitm
`soridir oÿniahs =::% ohrr`oths, sil ul ilnioih n` `rrhr, `l ul ehe`lth nmnh.
Ghs `rrhr`s y gms `xo`poihl`s mpmr`o`l ilogush pmrm ghs e`khr`s prharmemnhr`s
n` gm ti`rrm. Lh fmy lilaûl prharmemnhr qu` yh ohlhzom p`rshlmge`lt` qu` s`m
ompmz n` `soridir prharmems sil `lohltrmrs` ohl `rrhr`s. @sths `rrhr`s pu`n`l s`r
tml siepg`s oheh hgvinmrs` n` o`rrmr gms oheiggms, p`rn`r ulm ohem, pmsmr ul
vmghr `quivhomnh y mså suo`sivme`lt`. @sp`rm qu` t` mohepmý`l `sths `rrhr`s y
trmtm n` mpr`ln`r m `vitmrghs m gmrah pgmzh. T`qui`r` príotiom, p`rh fmy ulm du`lm
phsidiginmn n` qu` t`reil`s si`lnh ul prharmemnhr qu` s` thpm ohl `sths
prhdg`ems sÿgh `l rmrms homsihl`s.
Niofh `sth, `s fhrm n` vhgv`r m o`ltrmrlhs `l gm pmrt` priloipmg n` `st` ompåtugh,
gms shguoihl`s m ghs ilt`reilmdg`s `k`roioihs. Mgaulhs n` `gghs `rml
ilor`ådg`e`lt` s`loigghs ei`ltrms qu` htrhs lh `rml tml s`loigghs oheh pmr`oåml.
Iln`p`lni`lt`e`lt` n` ouílths moi`rt`s, lulom n`d`s t`e`r li n`o`poihlmrt` phr
`g crmomsh. @s ulm pmrt` n` lu`strh oiogh n` mpr`lnizmk` y phr gh tmlth n`d` s`r
mo`ptmnh, `lt`lninh y gu`ah ohrr`ainh. Oumlth eís mpr`lnms n` tus `rrhr`s, eís
cíoig`s s`ríl gms ohsms `l `g cuturh.
 
Ompåtugh phr ompåtugh n` shguoihl`s
 

Ompåtugh = _hguoihl`s
 Ompåtugh = _hguoihl`s
 

M ohltilumoiÿl s` pr`s`ltml gms r`spu`stms y gm r`spu`stm ohrr`otm mpgiomdg` m gm

pr`aultm s` r`smgtm `l l`aritm.
Z-=; Gm pr`aultm qu` s` fizh pmrm in`lticiomr ouíg n` ghs oÿniahs e`loihlmnhs
usmdm Zytfhl oheh su g`laumk` n` prharmemoiÿl.
◈  Oÿniah =; Plinmn O# - Lh usmehs gm n`ogmrmoiÿl "usmlnh" `l Zytfhl, li
usmehs pulth y ohem mg cilmg.
◈  Oÿniah 4; F^EG - @g s`aulnh g`laumk` n` gm gistm utigizm F^EG, qu` s`
utigizm pmrm n`smrrhggmr sitihs w`d.
◈  Oÿniah ?; Zytfhl - @vin`lt` `l gm n`ogmrmoiÿl n` iephrtmoiÿl y `g
pulth y ohem qu` cmgtm.
◈  Oÿniah >; Kmvm_oript - _ieigmr m O# p`rh ohl mgaulms nic`r`loims.
Z-4; ¸Oÿeh pu`n` oheprhdmr si su sist`em ti`l` ilstmgmnh Zytfhl ?.6.x8
S`mehs ouíg `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm oheprhdmr gh eiseh;
 
=. ZyOfmre - ZyOfmre `s ul IN@ y pu`n` s`r ilstmgmnh sil t`l`r Zytfhl m
dhrnh.
4. Ohemlnh `l ZyOfmre - @g ohemlnh nmnh lh culoihlmrí `l ZyOfmre.
?. Ohemlnh `l gm ohlshgm/t`reilmg - @st` `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm
ghomgizmr gm v`rsiÿl n` pytfhl.
>. @g sitih w`d lh prhphroihlmrí ulm ilniomoiÿl n` gm v`rsiÿl qu` fm ilstmgmnh.
Z-?; ¸Oÿeh s` ggmem `g inihem8 @sth `stmdm r`gmoihlmnh ohl gm fisthrim qu`
oudriehs `l `g gidrh mlt`rihr. _i t` `quivhoms, `stí di`l. Gm r`spu`stm ohrr`otm `s
M. @g g`laumk` cu` lhedrmnh phr `g cmehsh oiroh vhgmnhr n` Ehlty Zytfhl.

 
Z->; ¸Oÿeh t`reilm omnm gål`m `l Zytfhl8 Zmrm s`r fhl`sth, `stm cu` ulm n`
gms pr`aultms eís cíoig`s. Z`rh shrpr`ln`lt`e`lt`, gm a`lt` thnmvåm ti`ln` m
hgvinmr.
 
=. Ohl nhs pulths...
4. Ohl ul pulth y ohem.
?. Ohl ulm pmrmnm/p`råhnh ohepg`th.
>. Lilaulm n` gms mlt`rihr`s  - Zhrqu` omnm gål`m n` Zytfhl t`reilm sil
lilaûl omríot`r `sp`oimg `xo`pth oumlnh s` n`cil`l gms ohlnioihl`s h
 culoihl`s.
Z-0; ¸]ué sialiciom `g morÿlieh IN@8 F`ehs nisoutinh `sth `l `g gidrh

mlt`rihr.
 
=. Nåm Ilt`rlmoihlmg n` gm @g`otrÿliom
4. @lthrlh `l n`smrrhggmnhr ilt`armnh

>. @lthrlh
?. Ila`li`råmn`n`n`smrrhggh
n`smrrhggh ilt`armnh
ilt`armnh
Z-3; ¸Oÿeh s` r`pr`s`ltm ulm ou`rnm `l Zytfhl8
 
=. Ohl ulm shgm oheiggm''.
4. Ohl ulm nhdg` oheiggm ""
?. Ohl oumgqui`rm n` ghs mlt`rihr`s. - Zhn`ehs or`mr omn`lms usmlnh
oheiggms siepg`s h nhdg`s.
>. Lilaulm n` gms mlt`rihr`s.

]-1; ¸]ué `s ulm vmrimdg`8 Plm v`z eís, ulm pr`aultm cíoig.
 
=. @s ulm culoiÿl `l Zytfhl.
4. @s ul eéthnh `l Zytfhl.
?. @s ul ohlt`l`nhr or`mnh phr `g usumrih qu` ohlti`l` vmghr`s ileutmdg`s,
o`rom p`rh lh `xmotme`lt` gm r`spu`stm ohrr`otm ym qu` gms vmrimdg`s pu`n`l
omedimr.
>. @s ul ohlt`l`nhr or`mnh phr `g usumrih qu` ohlti`l` vmghr`s qu`
pu`n`l s`r ehniciomnhs.

 ]-6; ¸Oÿeh ieprieiråms ulm omn`lm qu` niam "¡_å!"8

=. prilt("Ég nikh, "¡_å!")
4. prilt(c"Ég nikh, "¡_å!")
?. prilt('Ég nikh, "¡_å!"') - Psmlnh oheiggms nhdg`s t`reilmråm gm omn`lm mg
priloipih n`g "_å"
>. Ieprieir (¡Nikh qu` så!)
]-9; @k`outmlnh `g oÿniah oheh s` eu`strm, ¸ouíg s`rí gm smginm8
lue 5 '0' * '0'
 prilt(lue)
 

=. 40
4. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
?. ‖0’ * ‖0’
>. ^yp`@rrhr Lh s` pu`n` eugtipgiomr gm s`ou`loim phr lh-ilt n` tiph 'str'
- Plm omn`lm lh pu`n` s`r eugtipgiomnm phr htrm omn`lm.
Z-=:; _i `k`outms ul oÿniah qu` t`reilm ohl ul `rrhr, fmrí qu` ZyOfmre s`
dghqu``.
 
=. S`rnmn`rh
4. Cmgsh - ZyOfmre `s ul `lthrlh n` trmdmkh s`aurh qu` `stí nis`ýmnh
pmrm prhdmr oÿniahs. _i `g oÿniah s` dghqu`m, `g IN@ n`vu`gv` `g tiph n`
oÿniah n` `rrhr pmrm ilchremr m ghs usumrihs qu` ést` s` dghqu`mrí
oumlnh s` utigio` cu`rm n` ZyOfmre.
?. N`p`ln` n`g tiph n` oÿniah `sorith
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
]-==; ¸Ouíg `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm `stmdg`o`r `g vmghr n` ul dhhg
'isXemrri`n'8
 
=. "S`rnmn`rh"
4. S`rnmn`rh
?. "S`rnmn`rh
>. v`rnmn`rh
]-=4; ¸Ouíg n` gms siaui`lt`s `s ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm8
Oÿniah =;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma` 5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, `sthy lhedrmlnh y t`lah mýhs ")
 
Oÿniah 4;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma` 5 >=
 prilt(c"Fhgm, shy {lme`} y t`lah {ma`} mýhs")

@stm `s gm chrem ohrr`otm n` chremt`mr ulm omn`lm. Fmy htrms eml`rms n`

chremt`mr gms omn`lms, p`rh p`rshlmge`lt` `lou`ltrh `sth euofh eís cíoig.
Oÿniah ?;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma`5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, shy " + lme` + " y t`lah" + ma` + " mýhs")
Oÿniah >;
lme` 5 "Kihvmlli"
ma`` 5 >=
prilt("Fhgm, shy Rlme`U y t`lah Rma`U mýhs")
Z-=?; Zmrm lhedrmr ulm vmrimdg` ggmemnm `g cirst lme`, ¸qué eéthnh `s `g
ohrr`oth8 Zu`n` `g`air eís n` ulm r`spu`stm m gm siaui`lt` pr`aultm.
 
=. cirst
4. CirstLme`
?. cirst.lme`
>. cirstXlme`
_i t` shrpr`ln` gm s`aulnm `ltrmnm mquå, r`ou`rnm qu` s` r`ohei`lnm lh usmr `st`
chremth pmrm lhedrmr gms vmrimdg`s. Mulqu` lh `s r`ohe`lnmdg`, lh sialiciom
qu` `sté `quivhomnh.
]-=>; @gikm ulm h eís r`spu`stms qu` s` mpgiqu`l. Gm príotiom n`g oÿniah
giepih
  `s;
=. Zmrm emlt`l`r lu`strms `stmoihl`s n` trmdmkh giepims.
4. Zmrm lhedrmr lu`strms vmrimdg`s y culoihl`s mprhpimnme`lt`
?. Zmrm e`khrmr gm g`aidiginmn.
>. Zmrm ms`aurmrs` n` qu` `g oÿniah lh ilcrilkm lilaulm g`y.
]-=0; ¸Ouíg n` gms siaui`lt`s `s gm chrem ohrr`otm n` or`mr ulm vmrimdg`
ggmemnm "t`st";
 
=. n`c t`st();
 4. t`st.or`mt`
?. t`st 5 "" - _i`epr` s` pu`n`l or`mr vmrimdg`s oheh `spmoihs `l dgmloh

>. prilt(t`st)

]-=3; ¸]ué `s ulm ohlomt`lmoiÿl n` omn`lms8

 

=.
4. Zmrm cusihlmr
Zmrm s`pmrmr gmsnhs h eís omn`lms `l ul lu`vh hdk`th n` omn`lm
omn`lms
?. Zmrm ohlv`rtir ul `lt`rh `l ulm omn`lm
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

]-=1; @gikm gm(s) r`spu`stm(s) ohrr`otm(s). Zytfhl `s;

 
=. @g suo`shr n`g g`laumk` MDO - @sth cu` nisoutinh `l `g gidrh mlt`rihr.
4. _ÿgh hp`rmdg` m trmvés n`g IN@ n` ZyOfmre
?. Psmnh pmrm gm muthemtizmoiÿl y `g mpr`lnizmk` mutheítioh - @sths shl
nhs n` ghs omephs eís n`emlnmnhs n` ghs ti`ephs ehn`rlhs.
>. ^hnh gh mlt`rihr
]-=6; ¸]ué `s HHZ8
 
=. Zytfhl hri`ltmnh m hdk`ths
4. ZyOfmre hri`ltmnh m hdk`ths
?. Zrharmemoiÿl Hri`ltmnm m Hdk`ths - T`ou`rnm, thnh `l Zytfhl `s
ohlsin`rmnh ul hdk`th.
>. _ÿgh `l Zytfhl

]-=9; ¸Oÿeh
vmrimdg` s` pu`n`
ggmemnm mnquirir
ilohe`, gm `ltrmnmn`
pmrm prhpÿsiths n`goígough8
usumrih y mgemo`lmrgm `l ulm
 
=. ilar`shs 5 dhhg("Ilar`s` sus ilar`shs;")
4. ilar`shs 5 ilt("Ilar`s` sus ilar`shs;")
?. ilar`shs 5 `ltrmnm ("Ilar`s` sus ilar`shs;")
>. ilar`shs 5 ilt(ilput("Ilar`s` sus ilar`shs;") - @g usumrih iltrhnuoirí
ul vmghr qu` gu`ah s` ohlv`rtirí `l ul lûe`rh `lt`rh.
]-4:; ¸Ouíg n` `sths `s/shl v`rnmn`rhs ohl r`sp`oth m Zytfhl8
 
 =. Fmy nhs tiphs n` nmths
4. Gms vmrimdg`s pu`n`l s`r ggmemnms, ehniciomnms h `gieilmnms.

?. Zytfhl pu`n` culoihlmr sil ZyOfmre

>. @g pytfhl `s ul g`laumk` s`lsidg` m gms emyûsougms y eilûsougms
¡_å! Zytfhl pu`n` culoihlmr sil ZyOfmre, ym qu` ZyOfmre `s sÿgh ulm n` gms
euofms eml`rms n` hp`rmr Zytfhl y `soridir oÿniahs.
¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` = _hguoihl`s
@stm cu`, `l `c`oth, ulm s`ooiÿl qu` omusÿ dmstmlt` ohlcusiÿl, p`rh prhphroihlÿ
gm hphrtulinmn p`rc`otm pmrm prmotiomr lu`strms fmdiginmn`s n` ohniciomoiÿl y
`stmr mt`lths m ghs `rrhr`s. S`mehs gms shguoihl`s m gms pr`aultms pgmlt`mnms `l
gm prie`rm pmrt` n` gm s`ri` "¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8".
 
]-=; @g prharmem qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl cu` or`mnh pmrm ehstrmr
ulm omn`lm ohlomt`lmnm. ¸Or``s qu` gh siaui`lt` culoihlmrí8 ¸@sth
`ltr`amrí gm smginm r`qu`rinm n` "@sth s`rí mýmninh ohl `sth" h prhnuoirí
ulm smginm ohepg`tme`lt` nic`r`lt`8 _i `s mså, ¸phr qué8
strila= 5 "@sth s`rí mýmninh"
strila4 5 "Ohl `sth!"
rilt("omn`lm= + omn`lm4")
T`spu`stm; Gm r`spu`stm r`mg s`råm gm qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl si s`
`k`outmrm `st` oÿniah tmg oheh `stí;
strila=+strila4
@sth suo`niÿ phrqu` m gm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm s` g` nih ulm omn`lm qu` ohlt`låm
ghs omrmot`r`s
ul hdk`th n` omn`lm= y omn`lm4.
omn`lm. Zmrm Zytfhl ghs
qu` culoihl`l theÿ dmstmlt`l`o`sitmrí
ohrr`otme`lt`, git`rmge`lt`
usmroheh
ulm
omn`lm chremt`mnm. Gm shguoiÿl s`råm oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
strila= 5 "@sth s`rí mýmninh"
strila4 5 "Ohl `sth!"
rilt(c"{omn`lm=}{omn`lm4}")
_mginm;
¡@sth s`rí mýmninh ohl `sth!
Z-4; M ohltilumoiÿl s` pr`s`ltm ul prharmem, `sorith phr ul fídig
 prharmemnhr pmrm ul l`ahoih ghomg ggmemnh Z`t` s Amrma` , qu` n`d`råm
prhphroihlmr mg l`ahoih ulm chrem eís cimdg` n` trmtmr gms ohsms. @g

prharmem `stí `sorith oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;

rilt('Di`lv`linh m Z`t`'s Amrma` )
lme` 5 ilput('Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ')

lûe`rhXn`Xtrmdmkh 5 ilt(ilput('Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh n` trmdmkh; '))

ohsthXn`Xr`pmrmoiÿl 5 =::
n`sou`lth 5 =0
thtmg 5 ohst`Xn`Xr`pmrmoiÿl - n`sou`lth
rilt("{lme`}, `g thtmg n` {lûe`rhXn`Xtrmdmkh} `s ${thtmg}")
rilt('Armoims phr tu l`ahoih')
¸Culoihlmrí `st` prharmem8 _i lh, ¸pu`n` in`lticiomr `g `rrhr qu` phnråm
omusmr qu` `st` prharmem s` dghqu`` h n`k` n` r`sphln`r8
T`spu`stm; Zmrm `ep`zmr, fmy mgaulhs `rrhr`s qu` n`d`l s`r trmtmnhs.
Ohe`lzmlnh n`sn` mrridm, gm prie`rm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm lh `stí ohrr`otme`lt`
`soritm. Gm omn`lm t`reilm `l `g mpÿstrhc` n`spués n` Z`t` y phr gh tmlth `g
prharmem lh culoihlmrí li in`lticiomrí `g r`sth.
@l mn`gmlt`, gm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm qu` n`ogmrm `g thtmg lh `stí chremt`mnm. G`
cmgtm `g omríot`r ogmv` 'c'. Plm v`z qu` `sths nhs `rrhr`s s`ml hrn`lmnhs, `g
prharmem n`d`råm culoihlmr dmstmlt` di`l.
_i pru`dm `g prharmem mfhrm, n`d`råm ehstrmr `sth;
Di`lv`linh mg Z`t`'s Amrma`
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; @eem
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh n` trmdmkh; 9=649
 @eem, `g thtmg n` 9=649 `s n` 60 nÿgmr`s
Armoims phr su l`ahoih.
 Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` :
Z-?; Pl `stunimlt` uliv`rsitmrih n`oiniÿ mremr ul prharmem qu` p`reitirí
m ghs pht`loimg`s `stunimlt`s `l gål`m n`g `xtrmlk`rh gg`lmr `g chreugmrih y
dusomr eís ilchremoiÿl shdr` ghs ourshs qu` g`s ilt`r`sml. @g chreugmrih s`
v` mså;
 #Chreugmrih n` r`aistrh `l gål`m
rilt("Di`lv`linh m gm uliv`rsinmn MDO!")

rilt("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom gm ilchremoiÿl l`o`smrim pmrm ohe`lzmr")

sXcXl 5 ilput("Iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
fhl` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu lûe`rh n` t`géchlh; ")

`e 5 "Iltrhnuo` tu ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh;"

ors 5 "@gikm su oursh;
@g `stunimlt` fm p`ninh r`vismr `g prharmem y mv`riaumr si fmy mgaûl
prhdg`em qu` n`dm s`r mdhrnmnh. Mv`riaumr qué `s gh qu` `stí emg ohl `g
oÿniah y ohrr`air ghs prhdg`ems.
T`spu`stm; Plm v`z eís, v`ehs qu` gm vmrimdg` n`g t`géchlh ti`l` nhs pmrélt`sis
n` mp`rturm p`rh sÿgh ul pmrélt`sis n` oi`rr`. Mrr`ag` `sh prie`rh pmrm
ms`aurmrs` n` qu` `stm gål`m n` oÿniah `s culoihlmg. M ohltilumoiÿl, gm vmrimdg`
'`e' ti`l` ul vmghr n` omn`lm cikh. Z`rh `stmehs trmtmlnh n` hdt`l`r ulm `ltrmnm
n`g usumrih. Ptigizm gm culoiÿl n` `ltrmnm mquå. Zhr ûgtieh, gm 'ors' ti`l` ulm
oheiggm n` mp`rturm p`rh lh ulm n` oi`rr`. ^mediél cmgtm gm culoiÿl n` `ltrmnm.
Zhr ûgtieh, si `s l`o`smrih, s` pu`n` mýmnir ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm pmrm
ohlciremr gm s`g`ooiÿl. @g prharmem a`l`rmg n`d`råm v`rs` mså;
#Chreugmrih n` r`aistrh `l gål`m
rilt("Di`lv`linh m gm uliv`rsisnmn MDO!")
rilt("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom gm ilchremoiÿl l`o`smrim pmrm ohe`lzmr")
sXcXl 5 ilput("Iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
fhl` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu lûe`rh n` t`géchlh; "))

`e 5 ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh; ")

ors 5 ilput("@gia` tu oursh; ")
rilt(c"{sXcXl}, fms `g`ainh {ors} oheh tu oursh.")
rilt(c"Ghs n`tmgg`s n`g oursh {ors} s`ríl `lvimnhs phr ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh m
{`e}")
rilt(c"^mediél phn`ehs `stmr `l ohltmoth m trmvés n` ulm ggmemnm t`g`cÿliom m
{pfhl`}")
_mginm;
¡Di`lv`linh m gm Pliv`rsinmn MDO!
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom gm ilchremoiÿl l`o`smrim pmrm ohe`lzmr.

@soridm su lhedr`; Kh`g

Iltrhnuo` tu lûe`rh n` t`géchlh; 9=016930>
Ilar`s` su ohrr`h `g`otrÿlioh; kh`gJmdoxyz.ohe

@gikm su oursh; N`smrrhggh n` ku`ahs

Kh`g, fms `g`ainh `g N`smrrhggh n` Ku`ahs oheh tu oursh.
Ghs n`tmgg`s n`g oursh n` n`smrrhggh n` ku`ahs s` g` `lvimríl phr ohrr`h
`g`otrÿlioh m kh`gJmdoxyz.ohe
^mediél phn`ehs `stmr `l ohltmoth m trmvés n` ulm ggmemnm t`g`cÿliom mg
9=016930>
Z->; Pl `stunimlt` fm or`mnh ul prharmem pmrm ulm píailm n` moo`sh `l
ulm didgiht`om pmrm `g lu`vh aruph n` usumrihs qu` s` momdm n` ulir.
N`spués n` ulm dr`v` iltrhnuooiÿl, s` pin` m thnhs ghs usumrihs qu` or``l
sus pmr`s n` lhedr` n` usumrih y ohltrms`ým. N`spués n` qu` ghs usumrihs
fmyml iltrhnuoinh sus ohltrms`ýms, omnm ohltrms`ým `s ohepmrmnm pmrm
ms`aurmr qu` ohiloin`l. @g prharmem s` v` mså;
us`rlme` 5 ilput("Lhedr` n` usumrih; ")
msswhrn 5 `ltrmnm ("Ohltrms`ým; ")
rilt("Pst`n fm iltrhnuoinh gh siaui`lt`;")
rilt(us`rlme`.ghw`r())
rilt({pmsswhrn.ghw`r()}))
rilt(pmsswhrn55pmsswhrn.ghw`r)
 
¸Ouíg pmr`o` s`r `g prhdg`em mquå8 ¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `g oÿniah lh
culoihlmrí8 ¸]ué s` pu`n` fmo`r pmrm ms`aurmr qu` `g prharmem `epi`o` m
culoihlmr8
T`spu`stm; @g prharmem lh fmdråm culoihlmnh ym qu` fmdråm iepr`sh ulm
ohltrms`ým qu` nistilau` `ltr` emyûsougms y eilûsougms. Plm ohepmrmoiÿl `ltr`
gms nhs, hdvime`lt`, n`vhgv`råm "cmgsh", ym qu` lh s`råml gms eisems.
T`ou`rnm, Zytfhl `s ul g`laumk` qu` nistilau` `ltr` emyûsougms y eilûsougms.
Gm ohltrms`ým lh `s gh eiseh qu` gm ohltrms`ým h gm ogmv`. Zmrm qu` s`m ul
 prharmem
pmrélt`sis ohepg`tme`lt` culoihlmg,
h r`gg`lmr ghs vmghr`s t`lnrís qu` fmo`r mgah eís qu` mkustmr ghs
qu` cmgtml.

@stm `s ei hpiliÿl shdr` `g eiseh prharmem.

us`rlme` 5 ilput("Lhedr` n` usumrih; ")
msswhrn 5 `ltrmnm ("Ohltrms`ým; ")

rilt("Pst`n fm iltrhnuoinh gh siaui`lt`;")

rilt(lhedr` n` usumrih)
rilt(ohltrms`ým)
ghail 5 Cmgsh
ghailXin 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` n` usumrih; ")
ghailXpwn 5 ilput("Iltrhnuzom su ohltrms`ým; ")
wfig` lht ghail;
  ic ghailXin 55 us`rlme` mln ghailXpwn 55 pmsswhrn;

  prilt("Fms `ltrmnh ohl éxith")

  ghail 5 ^ru`
  `gic ghailXin 55 us`rlme` mln ghailXpwn !5 pmsswhrn;
  prilt("Fms iltrhnuoinh ulm ohltrms`ým ilohrr`otm")
  dr`mb 
  `gic ghailXin !5 us`rlme` mln ghailXpwn 55 pmsswhrn;
  prilt("¡Pst`n fm iltrhnuoinh gm in`lticiomoiÿl `quivhomnm!")
  dr`mb 
  `gs`;
  prilt("Fm iltrhnuoinh ul IN/ohltrms`ým ilvíginh")
dr`mb 
Z-0; _` g` piniÿ m ul prharmemnhr, ohl `xp`ri`loim y ohlhoiei`lths
ilt`re`nihs, qu` `soridi`rm ul prharmem qu` iepriei`rm vmghr`s dhhg`mlhs
pmrm omnm armnh qu` ul `stunimlt` mnquiri`rm. Zmrm ghs armnhs n` M m D, `g
e`lsmk` `rm ieprieir S`rnmn`rh, ei`ltrms qu` htrhs s`råml ohlsin`rmnhs
Cmgshs. @ofm ul vistmzh m `st` oÿniah y eirm si `sth culoihlmrí;
armn`s 5 R"M", "M", "D", "P", "C", "@", "N"U
 chr x il armn`s;
  ic x 55 M h x 55 D;

  x 5 ^ru`
  ic x 55 ^ru`;
   prilt("Zmss")

 `gs`;
  x 5 Cmgs`
  prilt("Cmig")
 
@g `stunimlt` fm mciremnh qu` `g oÿniah culoihlÿ `xo`poihlmge`lt`. Mfhrm
n`p`ln` n` ust`n`s mlmgizmr `g oÿniah sil prhdmrgh prie`rh pmrm nmr sus
prie`rms iepr`sihl`s.
Plm v`z eís, v`ehs mgaulms oheiggms emg ohghomnms `l gm prie`rm gål`m. Gm
prie`rm hrn`l n`g nåm `s ohrr`airgms n` ile`nimth. Gu`ah t`l`ehs lu`strms
n`ogmrmoihl`s "ic".pmrm
mar`amr oheiggms S`mlqu`oÿeh gm n`ogmrmoiÿl
M s`m ul hdk`th n`nio` si x 55
omn`lm M. Mquå,
`l guamr l`o`sitmehs
n` ulm vmrimdg`
s`pmrmnm. Mquå `stí `g r`sugtmnh cilmg;
armn`s 5 R"M", "M", "D", "P", "C", "@", "N"U
chr x il armn`s;
  ic x 55 'M' h x 55 'D';
   x 5 ^ru`
  ic x 55 ^ru`;
   prilt("Zmss")
  `gs`;
   x 5 Cmgs`
   prilt("Cmig")
_mginm;
Zms`
Zmss
Zmss
Cmig
 Cmig

Cmig
Cmig
]-3; Plm omn`lm ggmemnm ilitimgXe`ssma` ohlti`l` `g siaui`lt` e`lsmk`;

"
― Fhgm, momdh n` pmrtioipmr `l `g oursh. @sp`rh
@s p`rh qu` mgaûl nåm s`m pr
prharmemnhr.
harmemnhr.

@xoguy`lnh gms oheiggms, s` g` piniÿ m ul prharmemnhr qu` mv`riaumrm gm

ghlaitun n` gm omn`lm. Zmrm `ggh utigizÿ `g siaui`lt` eéthnh;
_trila.g`latf(e`lsmk`Xilioimg)
¸@s `st` `g eéthnh ohrr`oth pmrm oheprhdmr gm ghlaitun n` ulm ou`rnm8 _i
lh, ¸ouíg `s `g eéthnh ohrr`oth mpgiomdg` mquå8
T`spu`stm; Lh. @sm lh `s gm chrem ohrr`otm n` oheprhdmr gm ghlaitun n` gm
ou`rnm. Gm chrem ohrr`otm n` fmo`rgh `s usmlnh gm culoiÿl g`l(), oheh s`
eu`strm mquå;
rilt(g`l(ilitimgXe`ssma`))
@sth `lthlo`s ohltmrí ghs omrmot`r`s ` ieprieirí `g vmghr n` ghs eisehs m
omedih.
Ompåtugh 4 _hguoihl`s

^mr`m =; Pl str`me`r n` Yhu^ud` n`oiniÿ r`mgizmr ulm `lou`stm `l gm qu`

s` piniÿ m ghs usumrihs qu` ni`rml su hpiliÿl shdr` gh qu` g`s austmråm v`r `l
gm siaui`lt` trmlseisiÿl. _u trmdmkh `s or`mr ul prharmem qu` utigio` gm
siaui`lt` ilchremoiÿl ` iepriem `g r`sugtmnh n` gh qu` `g usumrih `giaiÿ,
ulth ohl ul e`lsmk` n` marmn`oiei`lth.
 
¸]ué `s gh qu` vhy m fmo`r m ohltilumoiÿl8
m) Nmys Ahl`
 

d) T`sin`lt @vig 4
 

o) Chrtlit`
 

n) Mp`x g`a`lns
 

`) N`mtf _trmlnila
 

c) ¡_hrpréln`lhs!
 
 @g e`lsmk` cilmg n`d`råm s`r;
Fm `g`ainh (hpoiÿl). ¡Mpr`oih su ti`eph y `sp`rh v`rg` `l gm prÿxiem!

@sth `s, n` f`ofh, dmstmlt` cíoig n` fmo`r. Mquå `stí gm shguoiÿl pmrm gm `lou`stm
qu` `stm s`rp`ltilm `stí trmtmlnh n` or`mr.
rilt("¡Di`lv`linh m ei `lou`stm, nhln` e` ms`aurh n` `ltr`amr gh qu`
qui`r`s!")
rilt("Zhr cmvhr, tÿemt` ul ti`eph pmrm gg`lmr `sth y myûnme` m n`oinir qu
uamr n`spués!")
m 5 "Nmys Ahl`"
d 5 "T`sin`lt @vig 4"
o 5 "Chrtlit`"
n 5 "Mp`x G`a`lns"
` 5 "N`mtf _trmlnila"
c 5 "_hrpréln`lhs"
rilt(c") "Mquå `stíl tus hpoihl`s. T`ou`rnm, s`g`ooihl` ulm;
m),
d){d},
o),
n){n},
`){`},
c){c}""")
s`g`ooiÿl 5 `ltrmnm ("Zhr cmvhr, fmz ulm s`g`ooiÿl; ")
 Ieprie` "Fms `g`ainh gm s`g`ooiÿl". Mpr`oih tu ti`eph y `sp`rh v`rt`
rÿxieme`lt`!")
Y gm smginm ohrr`sphlni`lt` s` v`råm mså;
¡Di`lv`linh m ei `lou`stm, nhln` e` ms`aurh n` `ltr`amr gh qu` qui`r`s!
¡Zhr cmvhr, tÿemt` ul ti`eph pmrm gg`lmr `sth y myûnme` m n`oinir qué kuamr
n`spués!
quå `stíl sus hpoihl`s. T`ou`rn`, s`g`ooihl` ulm;
m) Nmys Ahl`,
 d) T`sin`lt @vig 4,
o) Chrtlit`,

n) Mp`x G`a`lns,
`)N`mtf _trmlnila,
c)_hrpréln`lhs

 Zhr cmvhr, fmam ulm s`g`ooiÿl; d

 Fms `g`ainh d. Mpr`oih tu ti`eph y `sp`rh v`rt` `l gm prÿxiem!
Y `sh s`råm tml siepg` oheh `sh. _i cu`rms ompmz n` fmo`r `sth cíoige`lt`, di`l
f`ofh. _i lh, mfhrm ti`l`s thnms gms in`ms n` oÿeh culoihlm. T`ou`rnm qu` `st`
`s ul liv`g euy dísioh n` prharmemoiÿl. Zu`n`s fmo`r `sth tml ilt`rmotivh oheh
n`s``s. Mfhrm, pu`n`s ilt`ltmr usmr vmrihs eéthnhs pmrm fmo`rgh mûl e`khr.
^mr`m 4; Pl n`ltistm n`s`m qu` s` or`` ul prharmem pmrm su sitih w`d nhln`
s` g` pr`s`lt`l eûgtipg`s s`rvioihs m ghs ogi`lt`s. @g ogi`lt` `g`airí gm hpoiÿl y
s` g` pr`s`ltmrí ul thtmg phr `g s`rvioih qu` n`d` pmamr `g ogi`lt`. Ghs
s`rvioihs s` nml oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;
m)  ^`rmpim n` omlmg n` rmåz - $40:
d)  Of`qu`h n` fiai`l` hrmg - $0:
o)  ^rmtmei`lth n` `e`ra`loim n` g`sihl`s - $=::
n)  Of`qu`h phst-prho`niei`lth - $=0:
`)  Of`qu`hs n` rutilm y ohlsugtms - $10
Zmrm pmahs mltioipmnhs, ghs ogi`lt`s ti`l`l ul 0:% n` n`sou`lth.
Nis`ýmr ul prharmem qu` prhphroihl` mg ogi`lt` thnm gm ilchremoiÿl
l`o`smrim y nmr ul thtmg s`aûl gh qu` `g ogi`lt` `gikm.
T`spu`stm; Ym t` f` nmnh ulm pistm, p`rh mfhrm, v`mehs oÿeh culoihlm `sth.
rilt("@g Zhrtmg n`g Zmoi`lt`")
rilt("Zhr cmvhr, s`g`ooihl` `g s`rvioih phr `g qu` n`s`m v`lir.")
m 5 "^`rmpim n` omlmg n` rmåz"
rilt(c"M){m}")
d 5 "Of`qu`h n` fiai`l` hrmg"
rilt(c"D){d}")
o 5 "^rmtmei`lth n` `e`ra`loim n` g`sihl`s"
rilt(c"O){o}")
 n 5 "Of`qu`h phst-prho`niei`lth"
rilt(c"N){n}")

` 5 "Of`qu`hs y ohlsugtms n` rutilm"

rilt(c"@){`}")
s`g`otihl 5 `ltrmnm ("Zhr cmvhr, `gikm ulm; ")

rilt(c"`g`aist` {s`g`otihl}")
thtmg 5 :
ic s`g`otihl.ghw`r() 55 "m";
  thtmg 5 40:
   prilt(c"_u thtmg `s ${thtmg}")
`gic s`g`otihl.ghw`r() 55 "d";
  thtmg 5 0:
   prilt(c"_u thtmg `s ${thtmg}")

`gic s`g`otihl.ghw`r() 55 "o";

  thtmg 5 =::
   prilt(c"_u thtmg `s ${thtmg}")
`gic s`g`otihl.ghw`r() 55 "n";
  thtmg 5 =0:
   prilt(c"_u thtmg `s ${thtmg}")
`gs`;
  thtmg 5 10

   prilt(c"_u thtmg `s ${thtmg}")

rilt("¸_mdåms qu`8 ¡T`s`rvm ohl mlt`gmoiÿl y hdtél ul 0:% n` n`sou`lth!")
mye`ltXtie` 5 ilput("¸G` austmråm pmamr fhy8 Rs/lU; ")
ic pmye`ltXtie`.ghw`r() 55 "y";
  thtmg 5 thtmg * :.0:
   prilt(c"_u thtmg pmamn`rh `s n` ${thtmg}")
`gs`;
   prilt(c"^`lnrí qu` pmamr ${thtmg} `l `g ehstrmnhr.")
 rilt( ¡^`l ul nåm n` shlrisms! )
Gm smginm n`d`råm ehstrmr gh siaui`lt`;

 @g Zhrtmg n`g Zmoi`lt`

 Zhr cmvhr, s`g`ooihl` `g s`rvioih mg qu` g` austmråm v`lir.
 ) ^`rmpim n`g omlmg rmniougmr

D) Of`qu`h n` gm fiai`l` hrmg

O) ^rmtmei`lth n` `e`ra`loim n` gms g`sihl`s
 N)Of`qu`h phst-prho`niei`lth
 @)Of`qu`hs y ohlsugtms n` rutilm
 Zhr cmvhr, `gikm ulh; ul
`g`aist` ul
_u thtmg `s n` 40: nÿgmr`s
¸Gh smdåms8 ¡T`s`rvm ohl mltioipmoiÿl y hdtél ul 0:% n` n`sou`lth!

¸G` austmråm pmamr fhy8 _å.

 @g thtmg m pmamr `s n` =40 nÿgmr`s.
¡]u` t`lams ul nåm n` shlrisms!
@g prharmem `s ul phoh gmrah, p`rh t` emlti`l` houpmnh y t` emlti`l` mg`rtm
pmrm `soridir `g oÿniah ohrr`oth pmrm qu` `g prharmem s`m `xithsh. _i cu`rms ompmz
n` r`shgv`r `sth phr ti eiseh, driggmlt`. _i lh, `stí p`rc`otme`lt` di`l. Fmy
euofh ti`eph pmrm mpr`ln`r gh qu` l`o`sitms fmo`r pmrm gg`vmr m omdh vmrims
tmr`ms pmrm hdt`l`r ghs r`sugtmnhs n`s`mnhs.
^mr`m ?; Pl omepus uliv`rsitmrih fm n`oininh or`mr ul prharmem qu`
n`t`reilmrí
y ohlnioihl`s.gm `g`aidiginmn n` ul `l
Gm uliv`rsinmn shgioitmlt`
ou`stiÿl`l g`
dms`
fmm p`ninh
ulms phoms
qu`pr`aultms
or`` ul
prharmem pmrm r`aistrmr ghs siaui`lt`s nmths;
m) Lhedr`
 

d) Mp`gginh
 

o) @nmn
 

n) Zultumoiÿl aghdmg `l `g ûgtieh r`sugtmnh n` gm pru`dm (n` 3::)

 

`) _i dusom ulm d`om

 

@l dms` m gms siaui`lt`s ohlnioihl`s, s` n`oinirí gm `g`aidiginmn pmrm gm

mneisiÿl y pmrm gm d`om;
 Zmrm gm mneisiÿl;
◈ @g `stunimlt` n`d` fmd`r mgomlzmnh mg e`lhs ul 3:% n` pultumoiÿl
 

aghdmg h sup`rihr pmrm s`r mneitinh.

Zmrm gm d`om;
◈ @g `stunimlt` n`d` t`l`r mg e`lhs ulm pultumoiÿl n`g 6:% `l `g
 

`xme`l pmrm phn`r hptmr m gm d`om.

Or`mr ul prharmem ohl ghs nmths n` tr`s `stunimlt`s nic`r`lt`s nhln` fml
mnquirinh >1=, ?0> y 0:4 `l ohls`ou`loim. Ieprieir sus r`sugtmnhs `l dms` m
gms ohlnioihl`s mlt`rihr`s.
T`spu`stm; @st` prharmem tmediél r`quiriÿ ul phoh n` p`lsmei`lth oråtioh y
pgmlt`ÿ ul phoh n` n`smcåh ohl tr`s situmoihl`s nic`r`lt`s. Zmrm mdhrnmrgms,
l`o`sitmehs lu`strms memdg`s n`ogmrmoihl`s n` "si" pmrm myunmrlhs m or`mr ul
prharmem ilt`gia`lt`.
rilt("Di`lv`linh mg oheprhdmnhr n` `g`aidiginmn n` mpgiomoiÿl")
lhedr` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; ")
mp`gginh 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su mp`gginh; ")
`nmn5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; ")
lhtms 5 cghmt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus lhtms thtmg`s (n` 3::); "))
lhtmsXthtmg`s 5 3::.:
lhtmsXn`Xpmsh 5 lhtmsXthtmg`s * :.3:
lhtmsXn`Xd`oms 5 lhtmsXthtmg`s * :.6:
ic lhtms <5 lhtmsXn`Xpmsh;
   prilt(c"C`gioinmn`s {mp`gginh }! ¡Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm s`r mneitinh `l gm
uliv`rsinmn!")
  d`om 5 `ltrmnm ("¸@stí dusomlnh ulm d`om8 R_/LU; ")
  ic d`om.ghw`r() 55 "y" mln lhtms <5 lhtmsXpmrmXgmXd`om;
   prilt(c"¡C`gioinmn`s {mp`gginh }! ¡Pst`n
¡Pst `n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm d`om!")
  d`om `gic. ghw`r() !5 "y";
   pmss
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mp`gginh }, lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm d`om `l `st` ehe`lth!")
 `gs`;
   prilt(c"N`smchrtulmnme`lt` {mp`gginh }, ust`n lh `s `g`aidg` pmrm gm

mneisiÿl.")
rilt("¡Armoims phr tu mphrtmoiÿl y t` n`s`mehs du`lm su`rt`!")
@g r`sugtmnh n` gh mlt`rihr s`råm `g qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;

Di`lv`linh mg v`riciomnhr n` `g`aidiginmn n`g shgioitmlt`

 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr`; Khfl
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su mp`gginh; Nh`
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su `nmn; 4=
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus lhtms thtmg`s (n` 3::); >:4
¡C`gioinmn`s Nh`! ¡@r`s `g`aidg` pmrm gm mneisiÿl `l gm uliv`rsinmn!
¸@stí dusomlnh ulm d`om8 _å.
¡Nh`, lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ulm d`om `l `st` ehe`lth!

¡Armoims phr su mphrtmoiÿl y g` n`s`mehs du`lm su`rt`!

¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` 4 _hguoihl`s
]-=; Pl prharmemnhr in`ÿ ul prharmem qu` `lohltrmråm `g lûe`rh eís
mgth n` ul ohlkulth n` lûe`rhs nmnh. Ghs lûe`rhs prhphroihlmnhs s`
mgemo`lmrhl oheh ulm gistm `l ulm vmrimdg` n` gm gistm ggmemnm
'lued`rXnmtm' y `g prharmem qu` nis`ýÿ s` v`åm mså;
lued`rXnmtm 5 R?4?, 4:9, 09::, ?=:94, ?>:4, ?96:?, 16?>=, 196>?1>:, 690,
31>9, 461:96>U
chr lued`r il lued`rXnmtm;

  ic lue 7 lûe`rh;
  lue 5 lued`r
rilt(lue)
¸Culoihlmrí `g oÿniah mlt`rihr8 ¸]ué fmy n` emgh ohl `g oÿniah8
T`spu`stm; @g oÿniah mlt`rihr lh culoihlmrí ym qu` gm vmrimdg` "lue" lh `stí
n`cilinm. Ei`ltrms qu` mgaulhs pu`n`l fmd`r `stmnh ill`o`smrime`lt`
pr`houpmnhs, gm shguoiÿl cu` dmstmlt` siepg`. _iepg`e`lt` n`ogmrmr ulm vmrimdg`
ggmemnm lue ohl ul vmghr ilioimg n` o`rh.
lued`rXnmtm 5 R?4?, 4:9, 09::, ?=:94, ?>:4, ?96:?, 16?>=, 196>?1>:, 690,
 31>9, 461:96>U
lue 5 :

chr lued`r il lued`rXnmtm;

  ic lue 7 lued`r;
  lue 5 lued`r

rilt(lue)
T`ou`rnm n`ogmrmr gms vmrimdg`s mlt`s n` qu` s` us`l, ym qu` Zytfhl g`` `g
prharmem gål`m phr gål`m.
]-4; Pl prharmemnhr iln`p`lni`lt` cu` `lomramnh n` or`mr ul prharmem
siepg` pmrm n`t`reilmr gm `g`aidiginmn n` ul p`rcig pmrm ul muth-préstmeh.
Dmsílnhs` `l mgaulm ilchremoiÿl y ohlnioihl`s `sp`oåcioms, oheh qu` `g
omlninmth n`d` s`r e`lhr n` >0 mýhs, n`d` t`l`r ul eålieh n` oi`rtm
omltinmn oheh ilar`shs y lh n`d` t`l`r mlt`o`n`lt`s p`lmg`s, `g prharmem
n`dåm n`t`reilmr si gm eisem p`rshlm `rm `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh h lh.
@g prharmemnhr `soridiÿ `g siaui`lt` prharmem;
rilt("_u pu`rtm m gm v`riciomoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!")
rilt("Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs e`khr`s
r`sugtmnhs")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu `nmn; "))
ilohe` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs phr e`s; "))
lmtur`XhcXkhd 5 ilput("¸^rmdmkms m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h oheh
mutÿlheh8; ")

fmsXgio`ls` 5 ilput("¸^i`l`s ulm gio`loim víginm8 Rs/lU; ")

ic fmsXgio`ls`.ghw`r() 55 "y";
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 ^ru`
`gs`;
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 Cmgs`
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 5 ilput("@l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l`s mlt`o`n`lt`s
`lmg`s8 Rs/lU; ")
ic ma` < >0 mln ilohe` <5 6::: mln fmsXgio`ls` 55 tru` mln
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 55 Cmgs`;
    prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")
`gic ma` 7 >0 mln ilohe` <5 0::: mln fmsXgio`ls` 55 tru` mln

fmsXorieilmXr`ohrng 55 Cmgs`;
   prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm shgioitmr ul préstmeh")
 @gic fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn;

   prilt("Lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")

`gic ilohe` 7 0:::;
   prilt("Lh `s `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")
`gs`;
   prilt("Zhr cmvhr, t`lam pmoi`loim, ym qu` ulh n` lu`strhs `sp`oimgistms s`
hlnrí `l ohltmoth")
Mg `k`outmr ulm eu`strm, `g r`sugtmnh cu` `g siaui`lt`;
¡^u pu`rtm m gm oheprhdmoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!

 Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs e`khr`s

r`sugtmnhs
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; Khfl _eitf
 Iltrhnuzom su `nmn; ?6
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs e`lsumg`s; 6?::
¸^rmdmkm m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h oheh mutÿlheh8; M ti`eph
ohepg`th
¸^i`l` ulm gio`loim víginm8 _å.
 @l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l` mlt`o`n`lt`s p`lmg`s8 Lh.
 Lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh
 Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` :
¸Or``s qu` `g prharmem s` `k`outÿ ohrr`otme`lt`8 _i lh, ¸ouíg or`` qu` `s
`g prhdg`em8
T`spu`stm; @g prharmem mlt`rihr ti`l` ul prhdg`em iephrtmlt` qu` fmrí qu` `g
prharmem si`epr` s` r`tir` lh `g`aidg` oheh r`sugtmnh. @g fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn
thnmvåm lh fm sinh n`cilinh oheh S`rnmn`rh h Cmgsh. Zmrm `sh, l`o`sitmehs or`mr
ulm ohlnioiÿl s`pmrmnm. Mquå `stí `g prharmem ohepg`tme`lt` hp`rmdg` ohl ulm
pru`dm n` eu`strm.
 rilt("_u pu`rtm m gm v`riciomoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!")
ieprieir ("Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs

e`khr`s r`sugtmnhs")
lme` 5 ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; ")
ma` 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuo` tu `nmn; "))

ilohe` 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs phr e`s; "))

lmtur`XhcXkhd 5 `ltrmnm("¸^rmdmkms m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h
oheh mutÿlheh8; ")
fmsXgio`ls` 5 ilput("¸^i`l`s ulm gio`loim víginm8 Rs/lU; ")
ic fmsXgio`ls`.ghw`r() 55 "y";
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 ^ru`
`gs`;
  fmsXgio`ls` 5 Cmgs`

fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn
`lmg`s8 Rs/lU; ") 5 ilput("@l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l`s mlt`o`n`lt`s
ic fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn ghw`r() !5 "y";
  fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 5 Cmgs`
`gs`;
  fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 5 ^ru`
ic ma` < >0 mln ilohe` <5 6::: mln fmsXgio`ls` 55 tru` mln
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 55 Cmgs`;
   prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")
`gic ma` 7 >0 mln ilohe` <5 0::: mln fmsXfms gio`ls` 55 tru` mln
fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn 55 Cmgs`;
   prilt("Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm shgioitmr ul préstmeh")
`gic fmsXorieilmgXr`ohrn;
   prilt("Lh `r`s `g`aidg` pmrm ul préstmeh")
`gic ilohe` 7 0:::;
   prilt("Lh `s `g`aidg` `l `st` ehe`lth")
`gs`;
    prilt("Zhr cmvhr, t`lam pmoi`loim, ym qu` ulh n` lu`strhs `sp`oimgistms s`
hlnrí `l ohltmoth")

_mginm;
¡^u pu`rtm m gm oheprhdmoiÿl n` `g`aidiginmn pmrm `g muth-préstmeh!
 Zhr cmvhr, prhphroihl` ilchremoiÿl ohepg`tm pmrm hdt`l`r ghs e`khr`s
r`sugtmnhs
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lhedr` ohepg`th; @ggiht Ofmrilathl
 Iltrhnuzom su `nmn; >=
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom sus ilar`shs e`lsumg`s; 39::
¸^rmdmkm m ti`eph ohepg`th, m ti`eph pmroimg h oheh mutÿlheh8; M ti`eph
ohepg`th.
¸^i`l` ulm gio`loim víginm8 _å.
 @l ghs ûgtiehs 0 mýhs, ¸ti`l` mlt`o`n`lt`s p`lmg`s8 Lh.
Pst`n `s `g`aidg` pmrm shgioitmr ul préstmeh
Z-?; Oheh prhy`oth `sohgmr, s` g` piniÿ m omnm `stunimlt` qu` in`mrm ul
prharmem qu` lh sup`rmrm gms =: gål`ms y qu` cu`rm ompmz n` fmo`r mgaulms
emt`eítioms dísioms pmrm prhnuoir r`spu`stms. @g `stunimlt` in`ÿ ul
prharmem siepg` qu` pin` mg usumrih qu` t`og`` ul lûe`rh y g` fmrí smd`r
si `g lûe`rh `s pmr h iepmr. @g prharmem `s oheh s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl;
rilt("`g lûe`rh `s pmr h iepmr!")
lue 5 ilput("Iltrhnuoir ul lûe`rh; ")
ic (lue % 4) 5 :;
   prilt("{:} `s pmr")
`gs`;
   prilt("{:} `s iepmr")
¸Or``s qu` `g prharmem culoihlmrí8 ¸]ué `rrhr`s or`` qu`, si ghs fmy,
omusmríl prhdg`ems mg `stunimlt`8
T`spu`stm; @st` prharmem ti`l` mgaulhs prhdg`ems. @l prie`r guamr, lht` qu`
gms n`ogmrmoihl`s iepr`sms lh `stíl chremt`mnms. @l s`aulnh guamr, `g ohlkulth
n` ohlnioihl`s lh `stí usmlnh `g hp`rmnhr n` ohepmrmoiÿl ohrr`oth. @l guamr n`
'5' l`o`sitmehs usmr `g hp`rmnhr '55' pmrm prhphroihlmr m gm ohlnioiÿl ul pulth
 n` ohepmrmoiÿl.
Mn`eís, gm `ltrmnm s` mgemo`lmrí ilioimge`lt` oheh ulm omn`lm. Ms`aûrmt` n`

usmr `g ohlv`rtinhr n` ilt . Zhr ûgtieh, r``epgmo` `g ':' `l gms n`ogmrmoihl`s

iepr`sms phr gm vmrimdg` 'lue' y `sh n`d`råm dmstmr. _i `k`outms `g prharmem
mfhrm, n`d`råm s`r ohepg`tme`lt` culoihlmg y n`d`råm n`vhgv`r ghs r`sugtmnhs
ohrr`oths.
rilt("`g lûe`rh `s pmr h iepmr!")
lue 5 ilt(ilput("Iltrhnuoir ul lûe`rh; "))
ic (lue % 4) 55 :;
   prilt(c"{lue} `s pmr ")
`gs`;
   prilt(c"{lue} `s iepmr")
]->; Oheh prhy`oth pmrmg`gh, ul prharmemnhr n`oiniÿ or`mr ul prharmem
siepg` qu` p`reit` m ghs usumrihs smd`r si `g mýh, e`loihlmnh phr `g
usumrih,
mýh `s ul mýh disi`sth
`s `xmotme`lt` h lh.
nivisidg` phr@g`gmýh disi`sth
lûe`rh s` yomgougm
">" `l `g n`t`reilmlnh
omsh n` ul mýhsin`
`g
siagh, oheh `g mýh 4:::, n`d` s`r `xmotme`lt` nivisidg` phr >::.
Psmlnh `g ohlo`pth mlt`rihr, `g prharmemnhr `soridiÿ `st` oÿniah;
rilt("Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth")
mýh 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; "))
ic (mýh / >) 55 :;
  ic (mýh / =::) 55 :;
  ic (mýh / >::) 55 :;
   prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)
`gs`;
  prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")
Oumlnh `g oÿniah s` `k`outÿ ohl `g mýh 4:4:, gm r`spu`stm cu` gm siaui`lt`;
 ¡Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth!
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; 4:4:

 @g 4:4: lh `s ul mýh disi`sth

 Zrho`sh t`reilmnh ohl `g oÿniah n` smginm :
¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `s `sh8

T`spu`stm;
r`mg. Psmlnh@st` iepgiomdm
`g hp`rmnhr "/",ullhphoh eís n`r`oidinh
fmdråmehs emt`eítioms qu` gm`xmoths.
ghs vmghr`s prharmemoiÿl
@l su
guamr, t`lnr`ehs qu` omedimr thnhs ghs hp`rmnhr`s "/" m "%" y `k`outmr `g
prharmem n` lu`vh. Mfhrm, `g mýh 4:4: s` ehstrmrí oheh ul mýh disi`sth, y
oumgqui`r htrh mýh disi`sth s` omgougmrí ohrr`otme`lt` tmediél.
rilt("Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth")
mýh 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; "))
ic (mýh % >) 55 :;
  ic (mýh % =::) 55 :;

  ic (mýh % >::) 55 :;
   prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")
  `gs`;
   prilt(c"{mýh} `s ul mýh disi`sth)
`gs`;
  prilt(c"{mýh} lh `s ul mýh disi`sth")

_mginm;
¡Ei driggmlt` omgougmnhrm n` mýh disi`sth!
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom `g mýh; 4:4:
 @g 4:4: `s ul mýh disi`sth
Zrhy`oth - = _hguoiÿl
(@k`roioih ==6; _t`pf`lshl, D. (4:=>) ^f` Zytfhl Qhrbdhhb)
Oheh prhe`tå, mså `s oheh f` or`mnh ul siepg` ku`ah n` "Zi`nrm, Zmp`g, ^ik`rm"
usmlnh Zytfhl.
  
crhe rmlnhe iephrt rmlnilt 

t 5 R"Zi`nrm", "Zmp`g", "^ik`rms"U

oheputmnhrm 5 tRrmlnilt(:, 4)U
ilt`lths 5 :

uamnhr 5 " " "

wfig` ilt`ltm 75 9;
   kuamnhr 5 ilput("Zi`nrm, pmp`g, tik`rms8")
  ilt`ltm +5 =
  ic kuamnhr 55 oheputmnhrm;
   prilt("@epmt`!")
  `gic kuamnhr 55 "pi`nrm";
  ic oheputmnhrm 55 "Zmp`g";

   prilt("¡Z`rnist`!", oheputmnhrm, "oudriÿ m", kuamnhr)

  `gs`;
   prilt("Amlmst`!", kuamnhr, "mpgmstÿ m", oheputmnhrm)
  `gic kuamnhr 55 "Zmp`g";
  ic oheputmnhrm 55 "^ik`rms";
   prilt("¡p`rnist`!", oheputmnhrm, "ohrtÿ m", kuamnhr)
  `gs`;
   prilt("Amlmst`!", kuamnhr, "oudriÿ m", oheputmnhrm)
  `gic kuamnhr 55 "^ik`rms";
  ic oheputmnhrm 55 "pi`nrm";
   prilt("Z`rnist`.", oheputmnhrm, "mpgmstÿ m", kuamnhr)
  `gs`;
   prilt("Amlmst`", kuamnhr, "ohrtÿ m", oheputmnhrm)
  `gs`;
   prilt("@sm lh `s kuamnm víginm. ¡Ohepru`dm tu hrtharmcåm!")
  oheputmnhrm 5 tRrmlnilt(:, 4)U
 Zu`n`s ohpimr `sth y prhdmrgh tû eiseh. Omedim ghs vmghr`s nhln` s`m phsidg`
pmrm v`r oÿeh mc`otm mg prharmem. @stm `s ulm chrem `stup`lnm n` pmsmr ul

ti`eph n` omginmn ohl ul ku`ah ei`ltrms s` mpr`ln` gm nilíeiom tmediél.

Ompåtugh ? _hguoihl`s

^mr`m =; _` g` fm p`ninh m ul prharmemnhr qu` or`` ul prharmem siepg` `l

`g qu` n`d` trmzmr ghs nåaiths n`g o`rh mg lu`v` `l pmgmdrms. @g prharmem g`
p`nirí m ul usumrih qu` iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh, y `g prharmem ieprieirí `g
eiseh `l ul t`xth `l su guamr. @g r`sugtmnh n`s`mnh `s `g qu` s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl;
 Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom su lûe`rh; >=03:4?91 
_mginm; Oumtrh Plh Oiloh _`is O`rh Nhs ^r`s Lu`v` _i`t`
¸Oÿeh or``s qu` s` pu`n` gharmr `sth8 ¸L`o`sitmråmehs usmr ul duog` mquå 
h ul ohlkulth n` n`ogmrmoihl`s ohlnioihlmg`s8
T`spu`stm; Zmrm gharmr `st` siepg` hdk`tivh, usmr`ehs ul niooihlmrih pmrm or`mr
pmr`s ogmv`-vmghr. Mquå `stí gm shguoiÿl, y fhl`stme`lt` vmg` gm p`lm ilt`ltmrgh.
lued`r 5 `ltrmnm ("Lûe`rh n` t`géchlh; ")
whrns 5 {
  "="; "Plh",
  "4"; "4",
  "?"; "^r`s",
  ">"; "Oumtrh",
  "0"; "Oiloh",

  "3"; "_`is",
  "1"; "_i`t`",
  "6"; "Hofh",
  "9"; "Lu`v`",
  ":"; "O`rh"
}
smginm 5 ""
crhe ofmr il lued`r;
   hutput +5 whrns.a`t(ofmr) + " " "
rilt(hutput)

@sth n`d`råm mfhrm ieprieir pmgmdrms `l guamr n` lûe`rhs.

^mr`m 4; Pl `stunimlt` gg`vÿ m omdh ul prharmem qu` omgougÿ `g ohst` n`
`lvåh n` ul eilhristm hlgil` pmrm `g ogi`lt`. @g prharmem dmsmråm `g ohst` n`
`lvåh `l `g thtmg n`g omrrith y `g pmås n` r`sin`loim n`g ogi`lt` `l ou`stiÿl.
¸]ué or``s qu` fizh `g `stunimlt`8
T`spu`stms; T`eåtms` mg oumnrh hriailmg n` gm pr`aultm pmrm cil`s n`
r`c`r`loim. Plm v`rsiÿl `xithsm n`g prharmem s`råm oheh s` eu`strm mquå;
thtmg 5 ilt(ilput("Zhr cmvhr, iltrhnuzom gm omltinmn thtmg; "))
mis 5 ilput("Zmås RP_M/MP/OM/PBU; ")
ic pmis.upp`r() 55 "P_M";
  ic thtmg 75 99 mln lht 75 >9;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $=:")
  `gic thtmg <5 =:: mln lht thtmg <5 40:;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $40")
  `gic thtmg <5 40:;
   prilt("Amsths n` `lvåh $0:")
  `gs`;
   prilt("CT@@")
ic pmis.upp`r() 55 "MP";
  ic thtmg 75 99 mln lht thtmg 75 >9;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $4:")
  `gic thtmg <5 =:: mln lht thtmg <5 40:;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $0:")
  `gic thtmg <5 40:;
   prilt("Amsths n` `lvåh $=::")
  `gs`;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $=:")
ic pmis.upp`r() 55 "OM";
   ic thtmg 75 99 mln lht thtmg 75 >9;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` =0 nÿgmr`s")

  `gic thtmg <5 =:: y lh thtmg <5 40:;

   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $?:")
  `gic thtmg <5 40:;

   prilt("Amsths n` `lvåh $10")

  `gs`;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $0")
ic pmis.upp`r() 55 "PB";
  ic thtmg 75 99 mln lht thtmg 75 >9;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $40")
  `gic thtmg <5 =:: y lh thtmg <5 40:;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $00")

  `gic thtmg <5 40:;

   prilt("Amsths n` `lvåh $==:")
  `gs`;
   prilt("@g ohsth n` `lvåh `s n` $4:")
Gm smginm g` prhphroihlmråm gms r`spu`stms ohrr`otms n` mou`rnh ohl gm `ltrmnm.
^mr`m ?; @r`s ul prharmemnhr mg qu` s` g` fm `lohe`lnmnh gm tmr`m n`
or`mr ul ku`ah siepg` p`rh ilt`gia`lt` qu` mgemo`lm ul lhedr` qu` ghs
usumrihs t`lnríl qu` mnivilmr. Mg prhphroihlmr `g lhedr` `quivhomnh, `g
prharmem prhphroihlmrí pistms. Pst`n fm or`mnh `g siaui`lt` prharmem, sil
`edmrah, pmr`o` qu` fmy mgah emg mquå.
lme`5 'Kme`s'.
au`ss 5 ilput("^`lah ul lhedr`. ¸Zu`n`s ilt`ltmr mnivilmrgh8; ")
au`ssXlue 5 :
emxXau`ss 5 0
wfig` au`ss !5 lme` mln au`ssXlue 55 emxXau`ss;
   prilt(c"E` t`eh qu` lh `s n`g thnh ohrr`oth!
ohrr `oth! Zistm; g`trm {au`ssXlue +=} ")
   prilt(au`ssXlue + =, "`s", lme`Rau`ssXlueU + ". ")
   au`ss 5 ilput("Iltéltmgh n` lu`vh; ")
  au`ssXlue 5 au`ssXlue + =

ic au`ssXlue 55 emxXau`ss mln au`ss !5 au`ss;

 prilt("¡My! Cmggmst`. @g lhedr` `rm", lhedr` + ".")
`gs`;

   prilt("Di`l, gh ohls`auist` `l", au`ssXlue + =, "ilt`lths!")

T`spu`stm; Gh or`ms h lh, sÿgh fudh ul p`qu`ýh `rrhr. @g prharmem culoihlmdm,
p`rh `g prhdg`em `rm qu` mo`ptmdm ilogush ulm `ltrmnm ilohrr`otm oheh ohrr`otm.
_i pr`stms euofm mt`loiÿl m gm ohlnioiÿl 'wfig`', lhtmrís qu` au`ssXlue 55
emxXau`ss lulom s` ouepg`, phr gh qu` `st` dghqu` n` oÿniah lulom s` `k`outm.
Oumlnh `sh hourr`, lh fmy lmnm qu` mýmnir mg lûe`rh n` suphsioihl`s. @g
prharmem `lthlo`s s` ehv`råm m gm s`lt`loim 'ic', y phr gh tmlth `g`airåm gm pmrt`
'`gs`' oheh smginm. Zmrm ohrr`air `sth, thnh gh qu` l`o`sitmdm fmo`r `rm r``epgmzmr
gm ohlnioiÿl "wfig`" m `sth;
Qfig` au`ss !5 lme` mln au`ssXlue !5 emxXau`ss;
Mfhrm, `g prharmem n`d`råm culoihlmr ohrr`otme`lt` y ohlv`rtirgh `l ul p`qu`ýh
u`ah ilt`rmotivh.
Zr`aultms y r`spu`stms
]-=; ¸]ué fmo` `g hp`rmnhr 558
 
=. Msialm ul vmghr
4. T`ou`rnm y ohiloin` ohl `g vmghr n` gms vmrimdg`s mlt`s y n`spués n` ég...
?. G` p`reit` m Zytfhl smd`r qu` lh n`d` `quipmrmr gms vmrimdg`s
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

]-4; ¸]ué pmsm ohl `g oÿniah n` mdmkh8

 x 5 4:
 5 ?:
 z 5 >:
ic x < y;
rilt("Mgah `stí emg mquå")
 
=. Ym qu` x `s e`lhr qu` y, `g prharmem s` dghqu`mrí y n`vhgv`rí ul `rrhr
 4. z lhohlnioiÿl
?. Gm s` ggmem, lh
phrvm
gh s`auinm
qu` `g prharmem lh culoihlmrí
n` ulm iln`ltmoiÿl
>. Lh fmy lmnm emgh `l `g prharmem

Z-?; ¸Ouíg s`rí `g r`sugtmnh n`g siaui`lt` prharmem8

mgcm 5 'Drmvh' 
Drmvh 5 'Ofmrgi`'.

Ofmrgi` 5 'Mgcm'.
chr ofmr il mgcm;
  ic ofmr !5 'm';
  prilt(ofmr)
 
=. Drmvh
4. Ofmrgi`
?. Mgcm
>. Lilaulm n` gms mlt`rihr`s. @g r`sugtmnh s`råm "D r m v h".

]->; ¸Ouíg `s gm nic`r`loim `ltr` =::/?: y =::/?:8

 
=. @s sÿgh ul `rrhr n` e`omlharmcåm
4. Medhs nmríl ghs eisehs r`sugtmnhs
?. Gm / ehstrmrí ulm ciaurm cghtmlt` ei`ltrms qu` gm // ehstrmrí ul r`sth
`lt`rh
>. Gm / ehstrmrí ul r`sth `lt`rh ei`ltrms qu` gm // ul r`sth cghtmlt`
Z-0; ¸]ué ieprieirí `g oÿniah qu` s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl oheh
r`sugtmnh si ul ohof` `stí vimkmlnh m 10 eiggms phr fhrm8
omrXsp``n 5 ilt(ilput("@lt`r Omr's ourr`lt sp``n; "))
moo`g`rmtihl 5 4: #p`r s`ohln
thpXsp``n 5 =::
tie` 5 : #`l s`ohlns
ic omrXsp``n 55 :;
  tie` 5 thpXsp``n // moo`g`rmtihl
   prilt(c"N`d`råm themr {tie`} s`aulnh(s) pmrm qu` `g muth mgomlo` su
v`ghoinmn eíxiem")
   #Zmrm ul v`fåough `stmoihlmrih
`gs`;

  tie` 5 (thpXsp``n - omrXsp``n) // mo`g`rmoiÿl

   prilt(c―themråm {tie`} s`aulnh(s) pmrm mgomlzmr gm v`ghoinmn
v`g hoinmn eíxiem.
  #Zmrm ul v`fåough `l ehviei`lth
 
=. 0 s`aulnh(s)
4. ? s`aulnh(s)
?. = s`aulnh(s) - @stmehs usmlnh `g hp`rmnhr //, qu` si`epr` n`vhgv`rí ul
vmghr `lt`rh
>. @g prharmem n`vhgv`rí ul `rrhr
]-3; ¸Ouílnh n`d`råms usmr ul duog` "chr"8
 
=. Oumlnh l`o`sitmehs ulm smginm `sp`oåciom
4. Oumlnh l`o`sitmehs it`rmr shdr` ul rmlah n` `g`e`lths
?. Oumlnh n`s`mehs `stmdg`o`r ulm oi`rtm ohlnioiÿl pmrm qu` s`m v`rnmn`rm h
cmgsm
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s
Z-1; ¸]ué ilniom `g siaui`lt` `rrhr8
^rmo`dmob (gm ûgtiem ggmemnm eís r`oi`lt`);
  Mrofivh "O;/Psumrihs/Zrharmemnhr/ZyofmreZrhk`ots/ZCD/ZCD-4/Zrhk`ot-
4.py", gål`m =, `l 7eÿnugh<
  omrXsp``n 5 ilt(ilput("@lt`r Omr's ourr`lt sp``n; "))

Smgu`@rrhr; ilvmgin git`rmg chr ilt() witf dms` =:; "mdo

 Zrho`ss cilisf`n witf `xit ohn` =
 
=. @g prharmem s` `str`ggÿ n`dinh m ulm `ltrmnm n` vmghr ilvíginm
4. @g prharmem s` `str`ggÿ phrqu` 'mdo' lh cu` iltrhnuoinh oheh ulm omn`lm
?. Psÿ oheiggms siepg`s `l guamr n` oheiggms nhdg`s
>. Lilaulh n` ghs mlt`rihr`s

]-6; @g siaui`lt` prharmem utigizm `g eÿnugh gha=: n`g pmqu`t`

'emt`eítioh'. @g prharmem cu` nis`ýmnh pmrm gg`vmr m omdh mgaulms
 hp`rmoihl`s mriteétioms
prharmem. ¸]ué pmrmemg
pmr`o` `stmr prhdmr
mquå8ghs vmghr`s y gm culoihlmginmn n`g
crhe emtf iephrt gha=:

m 5 ilput("ilar`sm `g prie`r vmghr; ")

d 5 ilput("ilar`sm `g s`aulnh vmghr; ")
rilt(m, "+", d, "`s", m + d)

rilt(m, "-", d, "`s", m - d)

rilt(m, "*", d, "`s", m * d)
rilt(m, "/", d, "`s", m / d)
rilt(m, "%", d, "`s", m % d)
rilt(c"@g ghamriteh n` gm dms` =: n` {m} `s {gha=:(m)}")
rilt(m, "\", d, "`s", m**d)
 
=. Gms omn`lms lh `stíl chremt`mnms ohrr`otme`lt`
4. Ghs vmghr`s n` `ltrmnm s` mgemo`lml oheh omn`lms `l guamr n` `lt`rhs
?. Gm culoiÿl gha=: lh culoihlmrí n`ltrh n` ulm omn`lm chremt`mnm
>. ^hnh gh mlt`rihr
]-9; ¸]ué fmo` ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl "`gic" qu` "`gs`" lh pu`n` fmo`r8
 
=. Gms ohlnioihl`s @gic shl ohlnioihl`s s`oulnmrims qu` s` `k`outml
oumlnh gm ohlnioiÿl priloipmg `s cmgsm.
4. Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` @gic lh r`qui`r`l ohlnioihl`s, ei`ltrms qu` gms n`eís
n`ogmrmoihl`s så.
?. Gms n`ogmrmoihl`s n` @gic shl `xmotme`lt` iaumg`s m gms n`eís

>. n`ogmrmoihl`s.
Lilaulm n` gms mlt`rihr`s.
Z-=:; ¸]ué prhnuo` gh siaui`lt` oheh r`sugtmnh8
n`c fiafXlued`r(lued`rs);
  emx 5 lued`rsR:U
  chr lued`r il lued`rs;
  ic lued`r 7 emx;
  emx 5 lued`r
   r`turl emx.
gist 5 R4=, 4::, ?=, =, ?9U

rilt(fiafXlued`r(gist))
 
=. ?9
4. 0
?. 4::
>. = - _i `giaiÿ 4:: phrqu` lhedré gm culoiÿl fiafXlued`r, s` p`rniÿ `g
f`ofh n` qu` utigioé ul hp`rmnhr 7 `l guamr n` <, phr gh qu` `g
r`sugtmnh s`råm si`epr` `g lûe`rh eís p`qu`ýh n` gm gistm.
]-==; @s l`o`smrih usmr gms n`ogmrmoihl`s "ic" omnm v`z qu` s` usml ghs
duog`s. ¸@stm n`ogmrmoiÿl `s v`rnmn`rm h cmgsm8
T`spu`stm; Cmgsh - Fm fmdinh euofhs omshs `l ghs qu` lh f`ehs usmnh
n`ogmrmoihl`s "ic" oumlnh f`ehs usmnh ul duog`.
¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` ? _hguoihl`s
]-=; Pl prharmemnhr n`oiniÿ or`mr ul prharmem siepg`, sÿgh pmrm
prmotiomr gms ohlnioihl`s dísioms n` "si" y "si lh". @soridiÿ `g siaui`lt`
prharmem;
lme` 5 "Khfl"
ma` 5 ??
isXemrri`n 5 ^ru`
isXfmppy 5 ilput("¸@stís ohlt`lth8; ")
ic isXfmppy.ghw`r() 55 "si";

  prilt("¡Di`l f`ofh!")
`gs`;
   prilt('_i`lth hår `sh')
Mulqu` `g prharmem culoihlm di`l, fmy mgah qu` `stí emg. ¸Zu`n`s
mv`riaumr qué `s8 N`d`råms s`r ompmz n` `gieilmrgh y `g prharmem s`auirí
culoihlmlnh ohrr`otme`lt`.
T`spu`stm; Gm ohlnioiÿl n` omsmnh lh s` l`o`sitm li s` utigizm `l lilaûl guamr.
@sth sÿgh fmo` qu` `g prharmem s`m ul phoh eís ohlcush. Gh e`khr `s `gieilmr
oumgqui`r ohsm n`g prharmem qu` lh s` vmym m usmr lulom. @g prharmem n`d`råm
 s`r ompmz n` culoihlmr ohrr`otme`lt`.
Z-4; Pl `stunimlt` n`ciliÿ ulm culoiÿl oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl;

n`c besXthXeig`s(nistmlo`);
  nistmlo` * :.34=
Mg trmtmr n` usmrgh, `g prharmem n`vhgviÿ ul vmghr n` "Lhl`" oheh

 r`sugtmnh. ¸Zhr qué or``s qu` `sh suo`niÿ8

=. @g `stunimlt` lh n`d` fmd`r pmsmnh `g pmríe`trh mprhpimnh.
4. Gm nistmloim utigizmnm fmdråm sinh `l eiggms, n` mfå `g `rrhr.
?. @g `stunimlt` hgvinÿ usmr "r`turl" mlt`s n`g oígough ei`ltrms n`cilåm gm
culoiÿl.
>. Lh t`lah li in`m n` phr qué fm cmggmnh `sth. N`d`råm fmd`r culoihlmnh.

Z-?; ¸Or`` qu` `g siaui`lt` prharmem n`d`råm culoihlmr8 _i lh, ¸phr qué8
rio`s 5 R0, =:, =0, 4:, 40U

thtmg 5 :
chr it`e il prio`s;
  thtmg +5 it`e
rilt(c"_u pr`oih thtmg `s; ${thtmg}")
T`spu`stm; @g prharmem `stí r`mge`lt` gidr` n` `rrhr`s. @st` prharmem n`d`råm
culoihlmr di`l phr så shgh.
]->; @l lu`strh gidrh mlt`rihr, pmsmehs phr ul prharmem n` `k`epgh oheh
s` eu`strm;
chr m il rmla`(?);
  chr d il rmla`(?);
  chr o il rmla`(?);
  prilt(c"({m}, {d}, {o}")
_i omedimrm ghs vmghr`s n` ghs rmlahs n` mrridm m mdmkh m ?, 4, =,
r`sp`otivme`lt`, ¸culoihlmråm `g prharmem8 ¸Ouíg s`råm `g r`sugtmnh8
T`spu`stm; @g prharmem n`d` s`auir culoihlmlnh y `g r`sugtmnh s`rí `g
siaui`lt`;
(:, :, :)
 (:, =, :)
(=, :, :)

(=, =, :)
(4, :, :)
(4, =, :)

]-0; _`aûl
lilaûl ul `stunimlt`,
prhdg`em gm iln`ltmoiÿl
mg `k`outmr `s ill`o`smrim
ul prharmem. y lh n`d`råm
@g htrh `stunimlt` omusmr
`s n` gm in`m
n` qu` Zytfhl pr`stm mt`loiÿl m ghs `spmoihs `l dgmloh y phr gh tmlth gm
iln`ltmoiÿl `s euy iephrtmlt` pmrm emlt`l`r `g oÿniah y hramlizmrgh `l
ohls`ou`loim. ¸Ouíg n` ghs nhs or`` qu` `s `g ohrr`oth8
T`spu`stm; @stm ûgtiem ti`l` gm r`spu`stm ohrr`otm ym qu` Zytfhl pr`stm euofm
mt`loiÿl m ghs `spmoihs `l dgmloh. @sth `s `xmotme`lt` phr qué Zytfhl lh
culoihlmrí si s` hgvinm n` usmr ulm f`lninurm nhln` s`m l`o`smrih.
]-3; Eirm `g crmae`lth n` oÿniah n` mdmkh. Cu` themnh n` ul prharmem
qu` cu` nis`ýmnh pmrm it`rmr shdr` ghs pmr`s n` t`ogms n` ul niooihlmrih.
smginm 5 ""
chr ofmr il lued`r;
  hutput +5 whrn.a`t(ofmr) + " " "
rilt(hutput)
 ¸]ué fmo` `g hp`rmnhr +5 mquå8
T`spu`stm; Mulqu` `g prharmem `sorith mrridm lh culoihlmrí, n`dinh m eûgtipg`s
prhdg`ems, gm v`rnmn`rm pr`aultm `s qué fmråm `g hp`rmnhr +5. @st` hp`rmnhr
mýmn` oheh ul ilor`e`lth `g vmghr n` whrns.a`t(ofmr) m gm smginm `l omnm duog`.

]-1; Pl mnhg`so`lt`
r`sugtmnh. @g nis`ýh qu`quish ieprieir
s` eu`strm ul siepg`cu`
m ohltilumoiÿl nis`ýh `l pitÿl oheh
`g r`sugtmnh;
*
**
***
****
*****
******
 *******
********

*********
**********
¡Yh gh fio`!

**********
*********
********
*******
******
*****
****
***
**
*
¸Or``s qu` `sth s` pu`n` fmo`r usmlnh duog`s8 _i `s mså, ¸pu`n`s ohniciomr `g
prharmem8
T`spu`stm; Fmy nhs eml`rms n` gg`vmr m omdh `st` prharmem. Gm prie`rm
ilvhguorm euofms gål`ms, omnm ulm usmlnh ulm n`ogmrmoiÿl iepr`sm. @sh `s
n`emsimnh dísioh y siepg`e`lt` gh ialhrmr`ehs. Gm s`aulnm iepgiom `g ush n`
duog`s, y mfå `s nhln` gms ohsms s` phl`l ilt`r`smlt`s. Mså `s oheh s` pu`n`
gharmr `sth;
ofmrmot`r 5 '*' 
chr ofmr il rmla`(:, ==);
  smginm 5 ofmrmot`r * ofmr
   prilt(hutput)
rilt("¡F` f`ofh `sth!")
chr ofmr il rmla`(=:, :, -=);
  smginm 5 ofmrmot`r * ofmr
   prilt(hutput)
 Zrie`rh fm ilchremnh m Zytfhl pmrm qu` it`r` phr `g rmlah `l hrn`l mso`ln`lt`.
@l `g s`aulnh duog`, fms usmnh ul pmsh n` -= mg cilmg ` ilv`rtinh `g hrn`l n`g
rmlah. Mfhrm, ohe`lzmrí n`sn` =: y t`reilmrí `l `g ûgtieh lûe`rh n`g rmlah.

Ompåtugh > _hguoihl`s

]-=; Omgougmnhrm n` tmricms n` tmxi
@sth cu` `l r`mginmn ul phoh nicåoig. Fmdåm dmstmlt`s ohephl`lt`s qu`

l`o`sitmdml
Mquå `stí eis`r r`mkustmnhs
culoiÿl n`cilinmulms
pmrmoumltms
gg`vmr m v`o`s mlt`s
omdh ghs n` gg`amr
oígoughs n` gmmtmricm
gm cms`
n`g cilmg.
tmxi.
n`c omgougmt`Xcmr`();
  nistmlo` 5 cghtmr(ilput("Iltrhnuoir gm nistmloim `l bes; "))
  nistmlo` 5 nistmlo` * =::: #Ohlv`rtir bes `l e`trhs
  cmr` 5 ?.: + ((nistmlo` / =::) * :.=) # tmricm `xtrm ohdrmnm omnm =:: e`trhs
  r`turl cmr`
rilt(c"_u tmricm thtmg n` tmxi `s n` ${omgougmrXpmah()}")
T`ou`rn`, l`o`sitmrí usmr ul vmghr n` cghtmoiÿl pmrm hdt`l`r gms r`spu`stms
ohrr`otms.
]-4; Dmrmkmnhr n` omrtms
@stm cu` nicåoig. @sthy s`aurh n` qu` tuvist` qu` ilv`stiamr ul phoh, y si gh
fioist`, `stí p`rc`otme`lt` di`l. Lh `sp`rmdm qu` gh fioi`rms di`l
ile`nimtme`lt`. @g ush n` gms culoihl`s m v`o`s pu`n` s`r nicåoig, `sp`oimge`lt`
si iepgiom dmstmlt`s `g`e`lths. Mså `s oheh s` fmo`;
crhe rmlnhe iephrt rmlnrmla`
n`c or`mt`N`ob();

   omrn5 RU
chr suit il R"s", "f", "n", "o"U;
  chr vmgu` il R"4", "?", ">", "0", "3", "1", "6", "9", "^", "K", "]", "B", "M"U;
  omrns.mpp`ln(vmghr + pmgh)
  r`turl omrns
n`c sfuccg`(omrns);
  chr i il rmla`(:, g`l(omrns));
  htf`rXphs 5 rmlnrmla`(:, g`l(omrns))
   t`ep 5 omrnsRiU
  omrnsRiU 5 omrnsRhtf`rXphsU

  omrnsRhtf`rXphsU 5 t`ep
n`c emil();
  omrns 5 or`mt`N`ob()

   prilt("@stm `s gm dmrmkm hriailmg; ")

   prilt(omrns)
   prilt()
   prilt(omrns)
   prilt("@stm `s gm v`rsiÿl dmrmkmnm; ")
  prilt(omrns)
emil()
Mfhrm, `g r`sugtmnh n`d`råm ehstrmrt` tmlth gms omrtms hriailmg`s oheh gm v`rsiÿl
dmrmkmnm tmediél.
]-?; A`l`rmnhr n` ohltrms`ýms mg`mthrims
T`spu`stm; Gm shguoiÿl m `sth `s oheh s` eu`strm m ohltilumoiÿl. Gm emyhr
pmrt` s` `xpgiom phr så eisem.
crhe rmlnhe iephrt rmlnilt 
sfhrt`st.pmss 5 3
emxXpmss 5 6
eilXM_OII 5 ??

emxXM_OII 5 =43
n`c rmlnheZmss();
  rmlnheG`latf 5 rmlnilt(sfhrt`stXpmss, emxXpmss)
  r`sugt 5 ""
  chr i il rmla`(rmlnheG`latf);
  rmlnheOfmr 5 ofr(rmlnilt(eilXM_OII, emxXM_OII))
  r`sugt 5 r`sugt + rmlnheOfmr
  r`turl r`sugt 
 n`c emil();
   prilt("_u ohltrms`ým a`l`rmnm mg mzmr; ", rmlnheZmss())

emil()
G` mlieh m qu` ilt`lt` omedimr ghs vmghr`s s`aûl su austh pmrm omedimr `g
r`sugtmnh y v`r oÿeh `g prharmem a`l`rmg s` v` mc`otmnh.

¸@sth `s ohrr`oth8 - Zmrt` > shguoihl`s

]-=; M ohltilumoiÿl s` eu`strm ulm culoiÿl f`ofm phr `g usumrih qu` `stí
nis`ýmnm pmrm it`rmr m trmvés n` ul rmlah nmnh y dusomr `g lûe`rh eís
mgth. ¸Culoihlmrí gm culoiÿl oumlnh s` ggme`8
n`c fiafXlued`r(lued`rs);
  emx 5 lued`rsR:U
  chr lued`r il lued`rs;
  ic lued`r 7 emx;
  emx 5 lued`r
  r`turl emx
gist 5 R4=, 4::, ?=, =, ?9U
fiafXlued`r(gist)
T`spu`stm; Gh mlt`rihr `s `l r`mginmn ul oÿniah qu` ym fm visitmnh `l `st` gidrh
n` trmdmkh. Motumge`lt`, lh ieprieirí lmnm ym qu` lh s` utigizm lilaûl ohemlnh
n` iepr`siÿl. Zmrm ieprieir `g r`sugtmnh, utigio` gm culoiÿl n` iepr`siÿl y
ohghqu` gm culoiÿl ohl `g pmríe`trh n`ltrh n` ghs pmrélt`sis n` gm culoiÿl n`
iepr`siÿl. Mlt`s n` `k`outmr `g oÿniah, ms`aûr`s` n` omedimr `g hp`rmnhr 7 m <
pmrm v`r `g lûe`rh eís mgth n` gm gistm.
Z-4; ¸Ouíg pmr`o` s`r `g prhdg`em ohl gh siaui`lt`8
n`c tfisXculotihl();
  prilt("fhgm n`sn` `stm culoihl!")
tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras(lhedr`, smgunh);
  prilt(c"Fhgm {lme`}, ¡N`sn` `stm culoiÿl!, t` n`s`h {ar``tila}")
tfisXculotihl()
tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras()
T`spu`stm; @l `g oÿniah mlt`rihr, gm culoiÿl "tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras()" lh `stí
 n`cilinm ym qu` cmgtm `g `g`e`lth ogmv` n` 'n`c'. _il `ggm, Zytfhl lh phnrí
`lohltrmr lmnm ggmemnh tfisXculotihlXwitfXmras() y phr gh tmlth `g prharmem lh
s` `k`outmrí.

Plm v`z qu` `sth s` r`su`gvm, t`lnrí qu` pmsmr nhs mraue`lths pmrm qu` `stm
culoiÿl culoihl` ohrr`otme`lt`. Mquå fmy ul `k`epgh;
tfisXculotihlXwitfXmra ("Khfl", "C`giz Ouepg`mýhs")

Mfhrm, gm culoiÿl culoihlmrí s`aûl ghs r`quisiths.

]-?; ¸]ué fmråm `stm culoiÿl8
n`c pgus (m, d);
sue 5 m + d
 (sue, m)
sue, m 5 pgus(?,>)
rilt(sue)
T`spu`stm; @stm culoiÿl lh culoihlmrí ym qu` lh `stí n`cilinm mn`oumnme`lt` y
`s fhl`stme`lt` ul n`smstr`. T`ou`rn`, lu`strh hdk`tivh `s `soridir ul oÿniah
giepih pmrm qu` thnhs pu`nml `lt`ln`r gh qu` `stí pmsmlnh. Mquå `stí gm shguoiÿl
pmrm fmo`r qu` `stm culoiÿl culoihl` ohrr`otme`lt`;
n`c pgus(m, d);
  r`turl m + d
sue 5 pgus(?, >)
rilt(sue)
Mfhrm, `stm culoiÿl omgougmrí ghs nhs lûe`rhs qu` s` pmsml oheh mraue`lths.
]->; ¸Zu`n` ohghomr ul duog` n`ltrh n` ulm culoiÿl oheh s` eu`strm m
ohltilumoiÿl8
n`c pgus(*mras);
thtmg 5 :
 chr i il mras;
  thtmg +5 i
 r`turl thtmg
rilt(pgus(4:,?:,>:,0:))
T`spu`stm; _å, gm culoiÿl n`d`råm culoihlmr p`rc`otme`lt` di`l. Oumlnh s`
 n`cil` ulmlh",
"si" y "si culoiÿl, s` pu`n`l
mså oheh `soridir
ghs duog`s oi`lths
"pmrm" n` gål`ms usmlnh
y "ei`ltrms". gms ohlnioihl`s
^mediél pu`n`s usmr
ohlstruothr`s, htrms culoihl`s pr`n`cilinms, eéthnhs y vmghr`s pmrm fmo`r gm

culoiÿl eís sialiciomtivm. Lh fmy gieitmoiÿl `l oumlth m gm omltinmn n` oÿniah

qu` ulm culoiÿl pu`n` ohlt`l`r.
 

M
@g nÿln`
eulnhniriairlhs
`s mfhrmm tuohltilumoiÿl
pmtih n` r`or`h niaitmg. ^i`l`s thnh gh `s`loimg qu`
l`o`sitms pmrm `ep`zmr. Ym nheilms gh dísioh y lh n`d`råms t`l`r prhdg`ems
pmrm mcrhltmr ghs armln`s r`ths qu` t` `sp`rml.
Zmrm mprhv`ofmr mg eíxieh `g vimk`, utigio` armln`s r`ourshs oheh un`ey,
ohurs`rm, Yhu^ud` y euofhs htrhs lhedr`s iephrtmlt`s qu` hcr`o`l
hphrtulinmn`s n` mpr`lnizmk` eís mvmlzmnms. Fmy illue`rmdg`s gidrhs phr mfå
qu` hcr`o`l gm eisem `xp`ri`loim n` mpr`lnizmk` ohl arml n`tmgg`. Ms`aûrmt` n`
lh p`rn`rt` gm príotiom n` gm prharmemoiÿl, ym qu` oumlth eís `sp`r`s, eís
p`rn`rís gm pistm n` ghs ohlo`pths qu` tmlth t` ohstÿ mpr`ln`r.

Ohltilûm fmoi`lnh
ohl gh dísioh. armln`s
T`ou`rnm, y siepg`s
oumlth prharmems
eís cu`rt`s s`ml ghspmrm emlt`l`rt`eís
culnme`lths, `l cíoig
ohltmoth
s`rí
pmrm ti mvmlzmr.
^rmdmkm `l vmrihs prhy`oths qu` pu`n`s `lohltrmr `l euofhs sitihs w`d y
pgmtmchrems iln`p`lni`lt`s. Zmrm mqu`gghs qu` n`s``l dusomr ulm omrr`rm,
ohlsin`r`l gm hpoiÿl n` trmdmkmr `l Ilt`gia`loim Mrticioimg, Mpr`lnizmk` Zrhculnh,
Mpr`lnizmk` Mutheítioh y htrhs omephs r`gmoihlmnhs. @sths `stíl mvmlzmlnh
omnm nåm y r`qui`r`l n` eís prharmemnhr`s tmg`lthshs oheh tû pmrm smgir y fmo`r
gm nic`r`loim.
 

Ohlogusiÿl
@stídmehs
vili`rhl `ehoihlmnhs
mgaulms oumlnh `ep`zmehs
tmr`ms mrnume`lt` `st` gidrh n`
gmrams qu` rípinme`lt` trmdmkh. Gu`ah
s` ohlvirti`rhl `l
p`qu`ýms ` irritmlt`s tmr`ms qu` lhs cmstinimdml oheh prharmemnhr`s y lhs
fmoåml p`lsmr eís n` gh qu` lhremge`lt` gh fmråmehs. Fudh ehe`lths `l ghs
qu` mgaulhs n` lhshtrhs ilogush quisiehs n`kmr n` gmnh gm in`m n` s`r
prharmemnhr`s `l prie`r guamr. Z`rh, thnhs y omnm ulh n` ghs qu` gg`amehs m
`stm píailm, gh fioiehs ohl éxith.
Fmdgmlnh n` éxith, s`pm si`epr` qu` su v`rnmn`rh éxith lulom s` ein`
mn`oumnme`lt` li s` r`mgizm fmstm qu` fm t`linh mgaulhs crmomshs `l `g omeilh.
@s ulm chrem lmturmg n` mpr`ln`r gms ohsms. ^hnh prharmemnhr, `xp`rth h
priloipimlt`, `stí hdgiamnh m ohe`t`r `rrhr`s. Gm nic`r`loim `ltr` ul du`l
prharmemnhr y ulh emgh `s qu` `g prie`rh mpr`ln`råm y n`smrrhggmråm gms
fmdiginmn`s, ei`ltrms qu` `g s`aulnh sÿgh r`ourriråm m Ahhag` y ghomgizmråm ulm
r`spu`stm.
_i fms `g`ainh s`r ul prharmemnhr Zytfhl `xithsh, n`d`s smd`r qu` s` mv`oilml
ti`ephs euy nicåoig`s. Gm vinm n` ul prharmemnhr rmrme`lt` `s shoimge`lt`
motivm, m e`lhs qu` tu oårough n` meiahs `sté chremnh sÿgh phr prharmemnhr`s.
Mg priloipih t` ohstmrí mneilistrmr tu ti`eph, p`rh ulm v`z qu` g` fmyms ohainh
`g trmlquiggh m gms ohsms, `ep`zmrís m r`lnir `xo`poihlmge`lt` di`l. ^hnh
ohe`lzmrí `lthlo`s m mgil`mrs` y ohe`lzmrís m gg`vmr ul `stigh n` vinm eís
r`gmkmnh oheh prharmemnhr y oheh s`r fuemlh.
Fmstm qu` gg`au` `s` ehe`lth, emltél tu `spåritu `l mgth y si`epr` pr`pírmt`
pmrm `lcr`ltmrt` m ghs crmomshs y `rrhr`s. Lh fmy lmnm n` gh qu` mv`rahlzmrs`
oumlnh s` pmsm phr tmg`s ohsms. @l omedih, eirm fmoim mtrís y mpr`ln` n` tus
`rrhr`s pmrm ms`aurmrt` n` qu` lh s` r`pitml `l `g cuturh. Zhnråms s`r ompmz n`
fmo`r prharmems mûl e`khr`s h motumgizmr ghs qu` ym culoihlml gh
sucioi`lt`e`lt` di`l.
Zhr ûgtieh, p`reåtmle` n`oir qu` fm sinh ul pgmo`r auimrghs m trmvés n` `sths nhs
gidrhs y phn`r v`rghs ohlv`rtirs` n` ulm p`rshlm qu` lh t`låm li in`m n` Zytfhl m
ul prharmemnhr qu` mfhrm pu`n` ohniciomr, `lt`ln`r y `k`outmr ghs msulths m
vhgultmn. C`gioinmn`s. ¡Mquå fmy ul smgunh niaitmg pmrm ti!
 rilt("¡Drmvh, ei meiah!")
G` n`s`h gm e`khr n` gms su`rt`s pmrm su cuturh y `sp`rh qu` ul nåm, eir`s fmoim

mtrís `l `st` gidrh y `stm `xp`ri`loim oheh ul `v`lth qu` omediÿ su vinm y qu` g`
gg`vÿ m ul éxith sup`rihr oheh prharmemnhr prhc`sihlmg. Emlt`lt` mt`lth m gms
motumgizmoihl`s y ms`aûrmt` n` visitmr ghs chrhs y htrms oheulinmn`s n` Zytfhl
pmrm hdt`l`r gm e`khr `xp`ri`loim n` mpr`lnizmk` y ohlhoiei`lth pmrm s`rvirt`
mûl e`khr oumlnh `ltr`s `l gms pmrt`s eís mvmlzmnms n` Zytfhl.
 

T`c`r`loims
Driaas, K, T. (4:=?); Zytfhl pmrm liýhs. _ml Crmloisoh, OM; Lh _tmrof Zr`ss
Emttf`s, @. (4:=3); Oursh ilt`lsivh n` pytfhl. _ml Crmloisoh, OM; Lh _tmrof
Zr`ss
Zmyl`, D. (4:=0); @ls`ý` m sus fikhs m ohniciomr. Lh _tmrof Zr`ss
Zrharmeiz. (l.n.). Zrharmem Zytfhl pmrm oheprhdmr `g mýh disi`sth. Hdt`linh `g
=: n` nioi`edr` n` 4:=9, n`sn` fttps;//www.prharmeiz.ohe/pytfhl-
prharmeeila/`xmepg`s/g`mp-y`mr.
_t`pf`lshl, D. (4:=>); @g gidrh n` trmdmkh n` Zytfhl. _prila`r Ilt`rlmtihlmg
Zudgisfila
 
 

^mdg` hc Ohlt`lts
Zrharmemoiÿl
Iltrhnuooiÿl n` Zytfhl pmrm priloipimlt`s
Ompçtugh =. Zytfhl - Gms prie`rms iepr`sihl`s
Ompåtugh 4. Ohe`lzmlnh `g vimk` niaitmg
Ompåtugh ?. Mpr`ln`r Zytfhl n`sn` o`rh
Ompåtugh >. Iltrhnuooiÿl m gms n`ogmrmoihl`s y ghs ghhps
Ompåtugh 0. Hp`rmnhr`s
Hp`rmnhr`s - Ghs tiphs y sus ushs
Ompåtugh 3. Gistms, tupgms y niooihlmrihs
Ompåtugh 1. Culoihl`s
Ompåtugh 6. Ogms`s y eml`kh n` `xo`poihl`s
`xo`poihl`s
Ompåtugh 9. F`r`loim,
F`r`loim, eÿnughs y pmqu`t`s
Ompåtugh =:. ¡^û siaui`lt` pmsh
pmsh n`g vimk`!
Gidrh n` ^rmdmkh n` Zytfhl
Iltrhnuooiÿl
Iltrhnuo oiÿl
Ompåtugh =. ^i`eph n` omg`ltmei`lth
omg`ltmei`lth
Ompåtugh 4. T`aistrh n` gm ilchremoiÿl
Ompåtugh ?. Ohrri`lnh `l oåroughs - ¡Git`rmge`lt`!
¡Git`rmge`lt`!
Ompåtugh >. Psmlnh gms culoihl`s ohrr`otms
ohrr`otms
Ompåtugh 0. ¡Gms shguoihl`s!
Ohlogusiÿl
Ohlogusi ÿl