MATHEMATICS PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES %& = INTRODUCTION Inclass IX, we have read about linear equations in two variables, A linear equation is a rational and integral equation of the first degree. For example, the equations : 3x + 2y =7, «fy = VB, y ~4x wear equations in two variables, since in each case Neither nor y is undera radical sign ie, x and y are rational, (@ Neither nory isin the denominator. o Gi) The exponent of x and y in each term is one. In general, ax + by +c= 0; a,b,c © R;a + Oand b+ Disa linear equation in two variables! equi in two variables has an infinite number of solutions. The graph of a linear equaton in two vai straight line. In this chapter, we shall study aboutsystems of linear equations in twovarlables ‘system oflinear equations in two variablesand graphicaland algebraic methoxts of solving & linear equations in two variables. In the end of the chapter, we shall be discussing sone applifafions ofiihear equations in two variables in solving simple problems from differentareas. & — HISTORICALFACTS Diophentus, the last genius of Alexandria and, made a unique contribution in the developme century and lived for 84 years. Regarding his "He spent one-sixth of his life in child he married, five years later his son wAs born, yearsafter his son." 1 grew after one twelfth more, afteranotherone-seventh on lived to half the father's age, and Diophentus died four ie, S4Ratasae =2 9X = 756 = x = BL years 612 2 Phere Sty Hewagktown ther bf Algebra, Arithimetica is his famous book. jantities is known asan equation. Linear Equation : An equation in which the maximum power of variable is one is called ‘equation. Gii)_Linear Equation in One Variable: An equation of the form ax + b = 0. where x is a variable, a,b are real numbers and a =0/is called a linear equation in one variable. Any value of the variable that satisfies the given equation is called a solution or rootof the equation. Ex.x = 3 is a solution of 3x #2 = 11. (v) Linear Equation in Two Variables : An equation of the form ax + by + ¢= 0, where a,b are real numbers, a+ 0,b#0and x, y are variables is called linear equation in two variables. Any pair of values of x & y which satisfies the equation ax + by +e 0is called a root or solution of it. Ex.(x = Ly = 1) isa solution of 4x - y -3 = 0. ‘Remark : A linear equation in two variables have infinite number of solutions, —————— EEE arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe (©) Graph of a Linear Equatic in Two Variables : Assume y - x = 2 bea linear equation in two variables. The following table exhibits the abscissa and ordinates of points on the line represented by the equation, y ~ x Cx 2s) Cy Tos Toa Tos] Plotting the points (1,3), (2, 4)and (3,5) on the graph paperand drawing the line joining them we obtain the graph of the line represented by the given equation as shown in fig, = eS & SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS: A covantatSs qv bib, Cand ¢, are real numbers ; a? +b) 0 and af +b! 20 Sf linear equations form a system of two simultaneous linear equations in two General Form: ax + by + ¢, and axtby and x,y are variables, (ii) 3x + 5y +7 =0,5x +2y+9=0 SOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS onsier the system of simultaneous linear equations : a,x + by + ¢,= Oandax+by += 0 pair of valuesof the variablesx and y satisfying each one of the equations ina givensystem of twosimultaneous linear equations inx and y is called a solution of thesystem. Fx.x=2, y=3 isa solution of the system of simultaneous linear equations. et y= 73x42 = 12 ‘Thegivenequationsare 2x +y = 7 “ Bx + 2y = 12 ) Patx = 2,y = 3 in LHS of equation (i), we get LHS = 2% 2+3=7=RHS Putx in LHS of equation (ii), we get LHS = 3 «242% 3=12=RHS Y= satisfy both equations (i)and (i. The value: Hence x =2,y ——————————— Ee? arma Road &- Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T, 3 is a solution of the given system.Probe “Aigstan of amnallancous near equations can have Sohtion: 1, 2) @, 1) — a a eS Sad seer sete ee ees =a eT cope = ‘Remark : An equation invohing two variables cannot give value ofboth the variables. For values ‘ofboth the variables we require two equations. Sinibrly for three variables we require ‘three equstions and so on, ie. to find n variables we need n equations. ok | HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS system ofsimultaneous equations s said to be homogenous, ifall ofthe constant terms are zer0, G neral Form : ax + by =O and ax + by = 0 ‘Homogeneous equation of the form ax + by isa line passing through the origin. ‘Therefore, the system is always consistent a by : - @ When 2 > thesystem ofequation has only onesolution. a a, _ by (When = 5 thesystem of equation has infinitely many solutions.Probe Ex.1 On comparing the ratios and CL, find owt whether the following points of linear equations are consistent or Inconsistent. () 3x + 2y =5,2x-3y=7 (ii) Ix = 3y = 5, ax Gy =9 Sol. @) Wehave, 3x+2y=5 = 3x+2y- er ieee rb 3 Me 7 = O and 2x - 3y = 7 = Ix By — 8 Therefore, the given pair of linear equations is consistent. : . get oeeieepres Ha: a, 4 2b, 6 2 9 9 a, _b be ‘Therefore, the given pair of linear equations isinconsisteht. Ex.2 For what value of k, the system of equations x + 2y = y+ has (a unique solution Gi) No solution? Sol. Wehave, x + 2y = 53 x + 2y - 5 =@and 3+ ky + 15-0. @ The required conditior why js seh 12 Here prpakes Hence, for, Hence the given system of equations will have no solution when k= 6. Ex.3 Find the value of k for which the system of equations 4x + 5y = 0, kx + 10y = 0 has inf \itely many solutions. Sol. The given system is of the form ax + by = 0, a,x + by a k,b,=5,b, = 10 aby If, =, -thesystem has infinitely many solutions, 45Probe Ex.4 Find the value of a and b for which the given system of equations has an infinite number of solutions : I+ BY =7; (at b+ 1) x+ (at 2b+ My Haat bed Sol. We have 2x + 3y = 7 = 2x #3y-7=0 and @+h+1)x+(a+2h+ Hy=4(ath)+1 = @HbFT)X+ (a+ 2+ Dy [Ala + b)+ 1}=0 ‘The requited condition for aninfinite numberof solutions is 5 = 5,” = 3 atb+] a+2b+2— a +b)+1} 2 3 a 7 > aypet ~ aabe2 4 ay2be2 ~ 4@rbHT > Jat db+4=3a+3b+3and Da+ 12b+3=7a+ Ub + 1d => a-b-1=0Oand 5a-%=11 > a-bel and 5a -2b= 11 “Multiplying (i) by 2 we get 2a - 2b Subtracting (ii from (i) we get3a=9= a= 2 =3 Puta =3 in (), we get3 -b=1->b=2 Hence, the given system of equations will have infinite num tio & GRAPHICAL METHOD OF SOLVING A SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS Tosalveasystemoftwotinearequatonsgraptitatly, @ — Drawgraph of the first equation (On the same pair of axes, draw/ifaph dFthé second equation, Gi(@) Ifthe two tines intersegt akapoink fof the coordinates of the pointof intersection to obtain the solution and verify youransws (b) Ifthe two lines gre there is no point of intersection, write the system as inconsistent, Hence, no graph, then write the system as consistentwith infinite number ofsolutions. airs of linear equations are consistenY/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain (ii) 3x + y = 1, 2y = 2- 6x (iil) 2x ~ y= 2, 2y - Ax =D 2-4x ax tay =2oy= x[1][3]3 x [2][4[5 ylLileo]3 y[2[2 [| Points are (1,1), (3,0), (-33) Points are (2,-2), (-1,2), (5,-6) From the graph, we see that the two lines intersect ata point 1,2). So the solution of the pair of linear equations is x= - 1, ice, the given pair of equations is consistent. —————————eee fharma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,27 Points are (0,1), (1-2), (2-5) Points are (-14), (1,2), ( ‘The graphis shown alongside. =| \5 ‘The two equations have the same graph. Thus system is consistent with infinite number of solutions, system is dependent 7 dx -y=2a>y=x-2 x[o]i]2 x[o]i][— yf2[of2 yl1}3]o (2 Points are (0,-2), (1,0), (22) Points are (0,1), (13)e(=l-1) ,y* ‘The graphis shown alongside. y “de y The graph of the system consists of two paraildlfines. Thus, the system is inconsistent. Ithas no solution. 4 COMPETITION WINDOW DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL LINES ese values in (), we get:akx*bky+e=0 or axthy + S=0 axtbhy+¢=0 (ii) [e=& ) coefficients ofxand y are same but the constant term is differentin both the equations, Clearly in equation i)and ‘The perpendicular distance (d) between the two lines canbe calculated by using the following formula Al bE eg The distance between the parallel lines 3x —4y +9 = 0 and 6x ~ By ~ 15 = O can be calculated as follows: 18 6x ~ By - 15 = 0 or 3x - dy - —=0 Bx dy +9 = Required perpendicular distance, Vey +ayF ———————— eer: > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe * ALGEBRAIC METHOD OF SOLVING A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO V ARTABLES | Some times, graphical method does not give an accurate answer. While reading the co-ordlinate ofa pointon a ‘graph paper weare likel algebraic methodsare given below y to make an error. So we require some precise method to obtain accurate result. The @ Method of elimination by substitution (i) Method of elimination by equating the coefficients. Gi) Method of cross multiplication. *& ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION BY SUBSTITUTION METHOD ‘Tosolvea pair of linear equations in two variables x and y by substitution method, we follow thafollowi @o Supls Wiehe gemequtn t axtby+q=0 mo) and axt by to=0 i) Step-II: Choose one ofthe two equations and express in terms of x (ony terms of y), Le, express, one variable in terms of the other. Step-III: Substitute this value of y obtained in step-IL in th ationite’geta linear equation inx. Step-IV : Solve the linear equation obtained in step-IIl and get the vale of x. Step-V : Substitute this value ofx in the relati@n obtained i ‘and find thevalue ofy Ex.6 Solve for x and y 14x + 3y = 24, 39% 2x 6, Sol. 4x + 3y = 24 Ai) By - 2x =6 WV From equation (i), we get 24-4 i) ituting inleq uation (i) We got x23 Substituting x =3:n (ii), we get Hence, x = 3, y = 4. ———————— EEE arma Road & Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe Ex.7 Solve the following pair of linear equatior by the substitution method. Bar By=0 and 5x iBy=0 Sol. Wehave, Vic+ y= @) and Bx -8y=0 i m. o Fe. 4X V see Ww VF «0 Substituting x= 0 ini), we gety = — > =0 Hence, the solution is x= O and y = 0. ‘& ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION BY ELIMINATION METHOD ‘Tosolvea pair of linear equations in two variabldsx and y by elimination method, we follow the following steps: Step-1: Writethegivenequations i) i) 's by suitable numbers so that the coefficient of one of the variables are ax + by +c, and axt by Step-II: Multiply the gi numerical equal i: If th (cally equal coefficients are opposite in sign, then add the new equations otherwise sub Ive the linear equations in one variable obtained in step-IIl and get the value of onevariable. + Substitute this value of the variable obtained in step-TV in any of the two equations and find the value of the other variable. Ex,8 Solve the following pair of linear equations by elimination method : 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x ~ 2y = 2. Sol. Wehave, Bx 4 Ai) and x - Ai) “Multiplying (i) by 2, we got Adding () and (ii), weget Putting x= 2 in equation (ii), we get ‘Hence, the solution is x = 2and y = 1 ——————————— EE: > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Ex.9 Solve: ax + by = ¢ bx + ay=1+¢ Sol. ax tby = Ai) bxtaysite fi) Adding and (i), we get (a+ b)xt+@+byy=2+1 2e+1 = oxtys Sip Subtracting (i and (), we get o (@-b)x-(@-Wy= V Ais) Pal ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION BY CROSS-MULTIPLICATION METHOD, ‘Consider the system oflinear equations axtby t= 0 @ axtbyte=0 i) Tosolveitby cross multiplication method, we follow the following, steps: Step-I: Writethe coefficients as follows. Bari Da>eah G e x 1 Be a ah bec oP Ss, PS, ‘The arrows between the two numbers indicate that they are to be multiplied. The products with upward arrows are tobe subtracted from the products with downward arrows. ——————————— EEE fharma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T2260T7T,Probe ‘Toapply above formula, all the terms mustbe in left to the equal sign in the system of equations ~ Now, by above mentioned rule, equation (i) reduces to bye, ~b.c, cy, 6,8) X= 4b, —a,b, *4Y = a,b, 0,6, Case: Ifa,b, -a,b,+0—>x and y have some finite values, with unique solution for the system ofequations. ab Cased tfayb, - ab, = 05 9-5 eo ou @ wap Put these values in equation ax +by+¢=0 > Maxt by +e)= 0 buen 20 > axtby +c =0 (ii) ‘So(i) and (ii) are dependent, so there: pfinite numl ‘solutions. Hence the solution is x = 3 and y ——————————_————— eee arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Ex:11 Solve by cross-multiplicaiton method : (a ~ b) x + (a + b) y= 2 (a ~ b’), (a + b) x (a- by y = dab. Sol. Writing the equations in thestanclard form, we get. (a-b)x+(@+byy-2(@-b)=0 (a+ b)x-(@—b)y ~4ab= Applying the cross-multiplication method, we get G+) 2@- 6) 2@ Hab @ barb eo —@—b) tab —4ab_@ +b) @ +b) —@—B) Simplification of the expression under x V = 4ab (a+b) - 2 (@=b) (a! -b') = -%a+b) ab + (aby) = = 2a +b) ab +a’ +b’ ~ 2ab) = a+ by @+ by t Simplification of the expression under y = 2(a" - b’) (a +b) + dab (ab) = 2a =) (a+ b) (a + b) ~ 2ab} ~ 2(a — b) (a + b+ Dab ~ 2ab) (a - b)(aé +b’) @ Simpl ntmattorwan aif, = (aby -@t by Pee eee 2@—be +b) 2@ x= (a+b) andy =(a-b). ok — FQUATIONS OF THE FORM ax + by = ¢ AND bx + ay = d, WHERE a b. Tosolve the equations of the form: ax + by = (i) and bx tay i) where a+b, we follow the following steps etd Step-l: Add (and (i) and obtain (a+ bx+(b +a) y =e+die.xty =P ii) Step-II: Subtract (ii) from (i) and obtain (a - b)x -(a-b) y=e~ die, x~y iv) Step-II: Solve (ii) and (iv) getx andy. ——E—————————— EEE arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, +Probe Tx2 Solve for x and y :47x + By = 63, Bx ay 15 Sol. Wehave, We + Bly Adding (i) and (ii), we get: 78x + 78y =78 > x+y = (i Subizacting (i rom (), We get 16x ~16y = 48 —> x “Ge) Now, alding (i) and (is) we get: 2x= 4 Patting x= 2 in Gi, we pet? * y lence, the solution is and ok EQUATIONS REDUCIBLE TO LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES. Hd ii Say aa Pag ae a nse Ce ofthe following typesand cove tlved bythe under mentioned mathod EH pu! and = Vandnd te valueoandy any met “t nara Then w= © and v Typed: au +b Di cu and a'u + bly = uv 9 abjca'bic'e je both equations by uv and equations can be: in the form explained in (), a} Ieemy © ox dy ‘Type Put inv m Find the values Again solye for v. Then, the given equations can be written as i) and au + 3bv = 2 (ii) ‘Multiplying (i) by 3 and (i) by 2, we got ‘au - bby = -15 ..(ii) and 2au + 6by = 4 ..(iv) Adaling (it) and (iv), we get Tau = -11 => u 1 (4) 1 Pat a= [> in equation (ip, we getal >) +3bv=2—3bv=3-> v= 5 1 1 But = wand 5 es Pierce Therefore, = b [vue Sve) Hence the solution is x = ~a and y ————————— eee arma Road & Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe Ex.1 Solve 87, 6 38 xty xo xty 37. Sol. Wehave =~ x+y pand <= 4q. Then, the given equations can be written as and 38p + 21q-9=0 By cross-multiplication method, we have pogo 6, php See V = But 1 and = aii) Adding (and (i) we get Patx= 11 in 8 Hence, tl Exl5 Sol. Ai) wi) ai) wiv) and adding we get and 16u + Lv = 30 Preece L eu Susi s l=lory sutauing uti wogpt7-2v=5 Sve bat once Hence, x= Ly =1 ————————————— eee > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe & APPLICATIONS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES Inthis section, we will study about some applications of simultancous linear equations in solving variety of word problems related to our day-to-day life situations. The following examples are selfexplanatory and will some insight to the solution to such problems. Type-I : Based on Articles And Their Costs/Quantities Ex.16 7 audio cassettes and 3 video cassettes cost Rs.1110, while 5 audio cassettes and 4 video cassettes cost Rs. 1350, Find the cost of an audio cassette and a video cassette. Sol. Let the cost of an audio cassette and a video cassette be Rs.x and Rs. y respectively The cost of 7 audio cassettes and 3 video cassettes = Rs, 1110 => Ix+3y= 1110 @ < The cost of 5 audio cassettes and 4 video cassettes = Rs. 1350 => x + dy = 1350 i) ‘Multiplying (i) by 4 and (i) by 3, we get 28x + dy = 4440 ii) 1x +1 4050 iv) Subtracting (iv) from (ii), we get 13x = 390 > x= 30 Putting x = 30 in (i), we get 7 * 30 + 3y = 1110 > 210 + 3f = 1110 = By = 900 > y= 300 Hence, the cost of an audio cassette is Rs. 30 and that ofa video eaSstte is Rs. 300. TypestI : Based on Numbers x17 The sum of the digits of a two-digiGamigt ig 12. The nambor obtained by interchanging its digit exceeds the given number by 1 the number. Sol. Let the digit at ten’s place box ai t ynil’s place be y. Then, xty=2 “ And , the two digits num! ty Now, according, juestion, oy + YIHAB = by - x = 18 > y i) =Msys7 pweget x +7 1e required number is (10 x 5+ 7), Le, 57. Typelif : Based on Fractions x= 5 Excl If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It x Sol. Let the required fraction be ©. Then, an = i yo T1> xt dsy-1ox-y= @ x1 and py Key tL ox- Ai) Subtracting (i) from (i), we getx Putx =3 in (i), we get3 3 Hence, the fraction is 5 ———————————— EE arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T2260T7T,Probe Type-IV Based on Ages Bx19 Two years ago, a father was five times as old as his son. Two years later, his age will be 8 more than three times the age of the son. Find the present ages of father and son. Sol. Let the present ages of the father and the son be x years and y years respectively. Twoyearsago, Father's age (x - 2)years and son's age = (y - 2) years 2 5 (y-2)9x-5y=-8 @ Twoyears later, Father's age= (x + 2) years and son's age = (y +2) years eo fe (& HAR HFS Sxt2=By +648 5x-ay=D i) V Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 2y = 20 = y= 10 Putting y = 10 in (il), we getx -3 x 10= 12> x -30=12 > x=42 Fx.20 The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the 18 degrees. Find them. Sol. Let the larger angle be x" and the smaller angidby y*. Then, x+y= 180 o and x= y +18 Sx-y=18 Ai) Adding (i)and (i, weget J Lv 99 180 > y = 81 99" and 81°, Distance Time (b) Distance = Speed * Time (a) Speed = Distance (Time = 2. Lot speed of a boatin still water = u km/h and speed of the current = v km/h. Then, @) Speed ofa boatdownstream =(u + vjkm/h () Speed of a boat upstream = (a - vkm/h, ——————————— eee > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Ex21 A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by car. If he covers 250 km by train and the rest by car it takes him 4 hours. But, if he travels 130 km by train and the rest by car, he takes 18 minutes, longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the car. Sol. Let the speeds of the train and that of the car be x km/h and y km/h respectively IFhe covers 250 kin by train and 120 km by car it takes 4 hours, Therefore, 25012 Distance’ 4 Time = Distance i) x oY ‘Speed And if he covers 130 km by train and 240 km by car it takes 4 hours and 18 minutes, ‘Therefore, 130 240 18 [ 18 rrinutes= mer] xy oe = Ait) 1 stand, = v. Then, the equations () and (i), can be written as 250u +120 v=4 Aili) 3 and 130u + 240v = 75 wiv) ‘Multiplying (iii) by 2, we get 500u + 240v = 8 1) 4B Subtracting (iv) from (v), we get’370u = 8 - | => 370u= 1 1 Wwe get 250 —— +420v = 4 Patting w= 755 in ino v 120 a = 7 She OP a 1 1 but , y L aed sy=s0 x y 730 79> that of the car are 100 km/h and 80 km/h respectively. Ex.22 8, ipish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 14 é ne men alone and that by one boy alone to finish the work. lone can finish the workinx days and one boy alone can finish the work iny days. Then, the work 1 lone 6 one man in one day = and the work done by one boy inoneday 12 According to the question, 10) ‘Ako, 14 tao y 140 in Gi), we get eee y 140 7 y 140 ‘Hence, one man alone can finish the work in 140 days and one boy alone can finish the work in 280 d ———————————— eee > fharma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, > y= 280Poh, azz Te * SYNOPSIS. @ — Twolinear equations in the same two variables are called a pair of linear equations in two variables, or briefly, a linear pair. The most general form of a linear pair is : axt by te=0 axtbyto=0 where a, a,, by by, ¢,, ¢, are real numbers, such that a; +b; 0,2) +b: (@ A pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented, and solved, by the (@)Graphical method (b) Algebraic method o (@ Graphical Method : The graph of the pair of linear equations in two variablesis represented | @) Ifthe pair intersectsata point, then that pointis the unique commonsolution of the tw case, the pair is consistent. ©) Ifthe pair coincide, then ithas infinitely many sol case, the pair is consistent (dependent) (© Iftsvo lines are parallel then the pair has no solution, andis Cle i @) Algebraic Method : We have discussed the following met ‘equations, (@)Substitution method. (b) Flimination mpitd.(@) Cr ication method. 6) Wax + by + ¢= and ax + by + 050, then the following situations can arise In this cong Ae ati te this Ease’ the pair of linear equations is inconsistent. @ In this case the pair of linear equations is dependent and consistent. «a sréare several situations which can be mathematically represented by two equations thatare notlinear to ‘start with, But we alter them so that they are reduced to a linear pair. 7s WooProbe Sol. SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE EXERCISE : 3.1 Aftab tells his daughter, "Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be", (Isn't this interesting?) Represent this situation algebraically and graphically. Lot the presentage of Aftab's daughter and the present age of Aftab = y years (y >x) According to the given conditions years. Seven years ago, (y-7)=7* (x-7) . ie, y-7=7x-49 ie, K-y-42=0 @ Three years later, (y +3)=3* (+3) ie, yt3=3x+9 ie, x-yto=0 i) L Thus, the algebraic relations are 7x - y - 42 = 0,3x-y +6 50s Now, werepresent the problem graphically as below m-y-42=0 oi) [Age of ARabs dagshter ~ x [Age of ARab~ Yr 7x ax Fy + dB 0, wi) Age of Atlabs dligier a Ty=axt6 1 shulato 3 y 4 From the graph, we find thatx = 12 and yea ‘Thus, the presentage of Aftab’s daugther = 12 years and the presentage of Aftab = 42 years wT fharma Road & Devpurl, Mob-No.Satz20et1T, +Probe 5g ee ‘The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3900. Later, she buys another bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for Rs. 1300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically. Sol. [Try Yourself] 3. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be Rs. 160, After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is Rs. 300. Represent the situation algebraically and geometrically. Sol. [Try Yourself] EXERCISE : 3.2 1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions graphical {) 10 students of clas X took part in a Mathematics quiz. Ifthe namber of gies is 4 mor the numberof boys, find the number of boys and girl who fook part inthe quis A sam Be Gi) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens to; Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen. Sol. @ Let the number of boys be x and the number of girls bey. +e According to the given conditions a a x+y=Wandy=x+4 1 +4 We getthe required pair of linear equations as * xty-10=0,x-y+4=0 _ |G Jeb GraphicalSolution r xty-10-0 wf) : 25 rexel] @ x at x-y+4=0 Ail) WV yoxta [6 From the graphawe e, the, crf bays = y= 7 common solution of the two linear equations. ‘and the number of girls = 7. o linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident. 5x - dy + 8= 0; 7+ 6y-9=0 Gi) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0; 18x + by + 2 Git) 6x - 3y +10 = 0; 2x- y+ 9=0 and ,find out whether the lines representing the following Sol. @ 5x -ay+8=0 49 Tet oy-920 “ 4 5b 42 Th 63 ab = th => Lines represented by (i) and (ii) intersee ata point [Rest Try Yourself] ————————————— EE arma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe are consistent, or inconsistent. @ me ayes bendy? GBR ay = Has oyn 3.8 PXt FY TI Wy= 14 (iv) 5x ~ By = 11; ~ 10x + by 4 ©) [x + 2y = 8; 2x + 3y = 12 3 Sol. @ 3x+2y-5=0 4) Xx-3y-7=0 i) o a 3b 2 2 aby a ab a3 > a,b, > Theequations have a unique solution IRest Try Yourself] 4. Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consisteninconsisteff? If, consistent, obtain the solution graphically : @ x+y =5, 2x4 2y=10 (i) x -y = 8, 3x S16 Gil) x+y = 6 = 0, 4x- 2y-4= 0 (iv) 2x- 2y- = 4 0 Sol. @ xty=5 Ai) 2x + 2y = 10 «i a), 2 Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width, is 36 m. Find ‘the dimensions of the garden Sol. [Try Yourself] 6. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y - § = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is: (i Intersecting lines (ii) Parallel lines Coincident lines Sol. @ 2%x+3y-8=0 (Given equation) ax tay +a (New equation) ab Here, 75 Hence, the graph of the two equations will be two intersecting lines, [Rest Try Yourself] ———————— eer > > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe 7. Draw the graphs of the equations x - y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y ~ 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region, Sol. x-y+1=0 @ Fo Wi x 1 [3 % LP . y=x+1 [2 [a4 WW 4 Bx +2y-12=0 Ail) yen) x o [4 6] 0 yy ‘The vertices of the triangle are > 9] A(2,3),B(-L, O)and € (4,0) Ot @ xty=yx- EXERCISE : 3.3 1 pair of linear equations by the substituti Uv 7 =3, 8+! @ 8-023 545 Gi) 3x - y = 3, 9x ~ By = 9 Gv) 0.2% + O.3y = 1.3, 04x + O5y = 2 ©) axe By= wox-vBy Fom@) 8" t+3 i Substituting s from (ii) in (i), we get 143 t © 5 2t+3)+3t= 36 32 > 5t+6=36 St=6 From (iii), 9 = 643 = 9, Hence, = 9, t [Rest Try Yourself] —————————— Eee arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x ~ 4y Sol. [Try Yourself] 3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution method. 24 and hence find the value of ‘m' for which y = mx + 3 @ The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them, (i) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them. (ii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs. 3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs. 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each bal (wv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs. 105 and for a journey of 15 kenfine charge paid is Rs. 155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per kilometer? sT does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km? ©) A fraction becomes a if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denot 1 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5. Find the fr (i) Five years hence, the age of jacob will be three times that of hi gon. Fiyé years ago, Jacob's age was seven times that of his son, What are thei Hints @ Let the two numbers be x and y (x > y). Then, x= y = @ Let the supplementary angles be x and y (x > y) Then, x + y = (Try Yourself 9) Let fixed charge be Rs x and chai .e pof km be Rs y. Then, x + 10y = 105 and x + 15y = 155. x f ay X+2_9 x43 5 ©) Tet , be the fraction wherex andy are positive integers. = jy and 5 = (Let x (in years) be the fgBbfJacob’s son and y (in years) be the present age of Jacob. Then, (y + 5)=3 5) an 7'&- 5). EXERCISE : 3.4 1 \e Foll uations by the elimination method and the substitution method + ~ Pe (ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x - 2y = 2 x 2y y = and 9x = 2y+7 (iv) ¥+=2=-1 and x- 4=Oand %x=2y+7 Ww) I+ 4 dix 523 sol, ition By Elimination Method: @ Solution By Substitution Method : xty xty=5 fi) 2 - By %-ay=4 Ci) Multiplying (by 3 and (i)by Land adding, From (i), y=5-x i) we get3 + y)+ 1 Qx-3y)=3x541 <4 | Substitutingy from (ii) in i), > xb By + 2x-3y = 19 2x - 6 - x) 2k - 15 +x 4 19 19 > kEDox= 5 = &=19 Sx= Then from (ii), 19 Hence, x 19 Henee, x= yy ra [Rest Try Yourself]Probe 2. Form the pair of linear equations by the elimination method : (@ If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It n the following problems, and find their solut ns (if they exis!) 1 becomes > if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction? be twice as old as Gi) Five years ago Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri wil Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu? Gii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number. Gv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs. 2000, She asked the cashier to give her Rs. 50 and Rs. 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs. 50 and Rs, 1063 received. day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs. 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid| Rs,21' for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge fpr eacl fay. xtl xl Hints@ Let the fraction bey Then Jy = 15 @ Tryyourself Gi) Letx be the digit at unit place and y be the digit at tens pace of the nigmbér, So, number=x+ 10y. Then x+y =9 and 9px + 10y] = 2ly + 10s 6) Letxand y be the number of Rs. 50 and R100 notes respective? Then, x + @ Tryyourselt A 25 and 50x + 100y = 2000 EXERCISE : 3.5 1. Which of the following pairs of ilar ogations has unique solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions. In case .¢ solution, find it by using cross multiplication method. @ x-3y- (iil) 3x -5y= 20 wy x-3y-7=0 6x - 10y = 40 3x - 3y-15=0 1 (9B)- OHV 2-0} x y 1 2 Gro) CS +16)” @=3) xl yl = pe yand t= = [Rest Try Yourself] ————————— Eee: > fharma Road &Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe 2. (i) For which values of a and b does the following pair of Ii of solutions? wear equations have an infinite number 2x + 3y=7 (a-b)x+@tbyy=3atb-2 (i) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution? axty=1 (Qk -1)x+ (k-tyy=2k +4. Sol. @ 2%x+3y-7=0 Ai) (a-b)x+@+byy-Gatb Ai) Forinfinite number ofsolutions, we have @o a-b_a+b_3at+b-2 7 For firstand second, we have From second and third, wehave a-b_atb a+b _3atb-2 “3 Sig or 3a - 3b = 2a + 2b or 7a + 7b = 9a + 3b ~ or a= 5b ordb= 20-6 or 2b=a-3 From(iand Substituting b= 1 in (i), we geta @ [Try Yoursett] 3. Solve the following pair of lh ‘by the substitution and cross-multiplication methods: Bx + By = 9, 3x + Dy = Sol. [Try Yourself] 4. Form the pair oftifiear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) Stel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of ss taken food in the mess, When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to . 1000 as hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day. 1 1 fi) A fraction becomes 5 when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes ¢- when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction. Gii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the test? (iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars? (©) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units if ils length is reduced by 5 unils and breadth is increased by 3 unis. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle. ——————————— EE arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Sol. @ Try Yourself @ Try Yourself Hint (@) Number of rightanswers= ‘Then, 3x - y= 40 and 4x - 2y = 50 Number of wrong answers =y Hint (¥) Speed of car km/hr Speed of car ii= y km/hr Firstcase wri Omi Zl sige — dig Ered -ookmnd ert c V Two cars meetatC after 5 hrs, AC-BC= AB = 5e-5y= 100. L Second case: ‘Two cars meet at after one hour x+y= 100 i) Hint 6) In firstcase, area is reduced by 9<@bave dni Breadth| units units (y-39=9 Ai) by 67 sq. units when length =x +3 and breadth x (y #2) -xy = 67 ii) EXERCISE : 3.6 lve the Following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations ee ieee et ° O ax*3y 7?’ 3x By 6 y 4 3 1 6 3 gi) 4+3y=14,2-4y=23 ix + 2, © 3 4 ieee eeaea ie ©) 1 w-2) 7D O-D Tx-2y _, 8x479 © ote, (vi) Gx + By = Gxy, 2x + Ay = Say Hiinolt ee sce “wey oy "Oty 6-y ae 4 2Gx+y) 2Gx-y) 8 ———————— Eee arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Multiplying by 6on both sides, we get > jwtw=2 “@ Qu + 3v = 13 Ai) @ ‘Then substituting u = 2in (i), we get 6+ w= 12 S>v=3 Now, u=2andy=3 Pv - 2u=5, 8v + 7u = 15 [Rest Try Yourself] ——————— EEE = arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe 2. Formulate the following problems as a pair of linear equations, and hence find their soluti @ Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current. (i) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3 women and 6 ‘men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by I man alone. Gii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately. Sol. @ [Hint Speed of Ritu ins oe Speed of current=y km/hr ‘Then speed downstream =(x+y)km/hr speed upstream = (x - y) km/hr 20 : L water=xkm/hr = xty=10 @ x-y=2 i) Hint @ Let] woman finish the work inx days and let 1 man fin kiny days, Work of | woman in Iday Work of t man int day = y oe Work of 2 women and 5 xy. y, in second case 3 4 ease Gogg 9 C0 [Try Yourself] —————————————— EE arma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe EXERCISE-1 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS) OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Cuoose THe Correct One ofthe 1. If A: Homogeneous system oflinear equations is always consistent. R:x=0, y ways a sol homogeneous system of equations with unknowns. and y, then which of the following statement is true? (A) A is true and Ris the correctexplanation of A (B)A is false and R is not a correrctexplanation of A o (C)Ais trueand Ris false (D) Ais falseand R is true 2. Ifthe pair of linear equations x |x + ky =5 has a unique solution x = then Yalue ot is — 2 @3 ©3 D4 een aenernerteeae rane rannnye Ga /6i1. 2 2 (k= 5 @ke (k= 5 @)k= 5) 4. ‘The pair of linear equations 2x + 5y 7, 6 Bby = 11 has a unique solution i= (ayke-3 (Bk 23 (kes (D)ke-5 5. The pair of equations 3x x + 12y = 6 has infinitely many solutions if ~ (AK (B)k=6 (CKO W)k=3 6 ir of Hine@Fequations 2x + Sy =k, kx + 15y = 18 has infinitely many solutions if - ®) (k=9 (D)k=18 7 pair of linear equations 3x + Sy = 3, 6x + ky = 8 do not have any solution if (A)k=5 @)k=10 (k= 10 (Dks5 8. The pair of linear equations 3x + 7y = k, 12x + 2ky = 4k + 1 do not have any solution if (A)K=7 (B) 4 (k=21 (D) k= 28 {A)k=9 (B)k=-9 ()k+-9 (D)k#7 10. The pair of linear equa (A)k=6 (®B)k=6 ()k23 (D)k=3 ns kx + 4y =5, 3x + 2y = 5iis consistent only when - 11, The pair of linear equations 7x + ky = k, Hx + 2 K+ 1 has infinitely many solutions if - (A)k=1 @)ke1 (k=2 (D)k=4 ———————— Eee > > arma Road &- Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ‘The pair of linear equations 13x + ky = k, 39x + 6y = k +4 has infinitely many solutions if (A)k=1 ®@k Oks © ‘The pair of linear equations x+y =3, 2x + 5y = 12 has a unique solution x = x,y =, then value of x is ~ @ @2 ©-1 @)-2 ‘The pair of linear equations 3x ~ Sy + 1 = 0, 2x - y +3 = O has a unique solution x = x, =y, then y, @t ®B)-1 ©-2 (D)-4 ‘The pair of linear equations x + 2y = 5, 7x + 3y = 13 has a unique solution ~ (AyxeLy=2 ®x=2y=1 ©x-3y-1 @o ‘The pair of linear equations x + 2y = 5, 3x + 12y V (2)Uniquesolution (©More than twosolutions (D)Infinitely many solutions AF the sum of the ages of a father and his son in years is 65 and twice the difference of their ages in years is 50, then the age of the father is - (A)45years (8) 40 ys (©) 50 years (D)35 years AA fraction becomes = when 1 is added each ofthe numerator and denominator. However, ifwe subtract’ from each then it becomes rac ay? G @2 B “w Os Os ‘chairs a Les 0St Rs, 1850. Five chairs and three tables costs, 2850. Then the total costof one franc! one table is - (B) Rs. 850 (©)Rs, 900 (D) Rs. 950 i years hencea man's age will be three times the age of his son and three years ago he was nine times as old as his son, The present age of the man is. ~ (A) 28 years (8) 30 years (€)32 years (D)34 years Era cS welrf2f[s],¢f[s [se [7 ,s | 2 [eye] [os [oe [os ans. [A pfaftafefefea{[ec{aflaflelafela qe| i |i fas | | 20 ans-[ a | afc | 8 | BProbe EXERCISE-2 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS) SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Very Suorr Answer Tyre Questions Based on Consistency/Inconsistency of the system 1. Oncomparing the ratios ®, ©: and ©: find outwhether the following pair oflinear equations are consistent or inconsistent. E o 4 @ x-3y=4;3x + 2y Bx toys 8s ot ay = 2 V (iil) 4x + 6y =7 12x + By = 21 iv) x= 2y =3;3x- Gy =1 b, 2. Oncomparing the ratios = and ©: find outwhether the lines representing the following pair of linear ‘equations intersect ata point ate paraiel or coincident: @) @ 2%x-y=B;4x-y (id) x + 2y = 8 55x ~ 10) 0) ox +3y = 18; Hy x- (ii ax - by = ¢) ; bx + ay = ey, where a+0,b +0 Gi ay 2; 12x + Loy = -8 For the linear equations given below, write another linear eq} representation of the pair so formed is, G@Intersecting lines (ji) Parallel tineM™ — (iJCoipcident ines (a) x -3y =6 (byy= 2x43 4. Find the value of kfor whic jen aysiém of equations hasa unique solution. (a) (k-3)x + 3y = kx (b) x~ ky 5. Find the value of jfeiewhiel in twovariables, such that the geometrical ax + 2y=-5 ‘given system of equations has no solution. 2=0 Sxtkf+7=0 — (ii)ke+3y=k-3;1x+ky=k ralue(s) of k for which the system of equations kx -y = 2and 6x - 2y =3 has iquesolution (i)No solution ) Find the value of k for which system kx + 2y and 3x+y=1 has (A uniquesolution (i)No solution 7. Find the value of kfor which the given system of equations has an infinite namber of solutions. (a) 5x + 2y = 2k and 2k + 1)x + ky = Gk +4) ©) (x + (k4 Dy =5 and (K+ Ix + 9y = 8k-1 (i) 10x + Sy ~ (k -5) = O and 20x + 1oy - k= 0 (ke +3y =k- Sand 12x + ky =k 8. Find the value ofa and b for which the given system of linear equation has an infinite number of solutions. (@) 2x+3y =7 and (a -b)x+ (at by =3atb-2 () (a + bx - Dby = 5a + 2b + 1 and 3x - (© Qa~ 1x + 3y -5=Oand ax + (b- Dy -2 ——————————— EEE © arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, =u 0Probe Sroxr Answer Tyre Questions Based on graphical solution of system of equations : Solve graphically each of the following pairs of equations (1-9) : xty=4,2x-ay=3 y= 3,2x+5y-12=0 0 @o 0 V 1B 9. Wx + By -5= 0, 6x + 9y - 15 =0 10. Check whether the pair of equations x + 3y = 6, and 2x ~y = consistent. Ifs®, solvelgraphically 11. Show graphically that the pair of equations 2x - 3y + 7= 0, 6x -9y + 21= ly many solutions, 12. Show graphically that the pair of equations 8x + Sy = 9, 16x +, 13. Find whether the pair of equations 5x - 8y + 1= 0,3x infinitely many solutions, 14, Show graphically that the pair of equatio has a unique solution, 15. Show graphically that the pair of equations 2 represents coincident Lines. 16. Determine by drawing graphs whethefthe following pair of equations has a unique solution or not 2x - By = 6, 4x - by = 9. IFyes, find ykG@lpolufiop/also. 17. Determine graphically whethesine linear equations 3x - 5y = 1, 2x-y = ~3has a unique solution or not. Ifyes, fi 0 hAS*KO solution, unique solution ot 18. 19. ~ By = 18. Honce, find the value of K if +3y = K. 8. Also find the points where the lines meet the 20. a1. 2. 22.] Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically From the graph, read the points where the lines meet the x-axi 23. Solve graphically the following pair of equations :x- y= 1, 2+ y and the y-axi 8, 3x -2y Shade thearea bounded by these lines 24. On thesame axes, draw the graph of each of the following equations : Dy ~ x= 8, Sy-x= 14, y - 2x= 1, Hence, obtain the vertices of the triangle so formed. 25. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations : 4x - 3y + 4= 0, 4x + 3y - 20 = 0, Find the area of the region bounded by these lines and x-axis, Based on substitution method : Solve the following equations by the substi 26. ax + ly = 13, & + Lay 16, x+y = 14 Wy = 27, 3x + Sy =~ 7 ————————————— EEE arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, tion method : (26-41)y ay -7 31. 1x - 16y = 20, 8x + 6y = 30 32. Bx - Sy + 40=0, 7-2 1 33. SOx + 10y)= 2B, 34. Vins Vy =0,/5x-By=0 35, O89) 3x_y_ 1 $42 36. ay, 3y +17 37. 38. 39, 40. a. yn" 42. Solve 2x - y= Zand x + 3y +1=D and hence find the valy€ of m for WHiclfy = mx +3. 43. Solve 4x -3y +17 = O and 5x + y +7 = Oand hence find f BF which y = 1x Based on elimination method + Solve the following pairs of linear equitions by elimifiation method : (44-52) 44, @) xty=Sand 2x-3y=4 ©) @ 2x +3y = Band dx + 6y @ x + 1y + 23-= Oem ( 78x + Hy = 39 and Ya7=0 45. t47 by (0% + ay) = O and (a+ byx + (ab) y= 02+ be (a) (a + x ~ (a= Oy = 2ab and (a+ b)x - (aby (b) (a + 2b)x + 2a - bly = 2 and (a - 2b)x + (2a + byy 50. (a) y2x— y3y=0 and V5x+V2y=0 (b) V7x+ ViTy = 0 and y3x-v5y=0 51. 05x + 0.7y = 0.74 and 0.3x + 0.5y = 05 52. (a) 23x - 29y = 98 and 29% ~ 28y = 110 (©) @ 27x + 1Bly = 913 and 131x + 217y = 827 x + B7y = 32 and 37x + 23y = 88 (© @ 65x - 38y = 97 and 33x - 65y = 1 (47x + Bly = 68 and 31x + 47y = 15 Gi 9% + 101y = 499 and 101x + 99y = 501 ———————— eee © > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Based on cross-multiplication method + Solve each of the following paits of equations by cross multiplication rule + (63-62) 53. x-2y=10,4xt+y=13 Ba. 5x + 3y =35, 2x + dy = 28 55. 4x-3y +1=0,2x-Sy+11=0 56. 3x + 4y = 27, 5x -3y = 16 57. 2x + 3y = 46, 3x + 5y = 74 ox 5 3 Based on equations reducible to linear equations : L wv Solve for x and y + (63-62) @ 1 : ait 1B tha Bxt2y U3xe2y "Ixy 31 19 76. 47 77. i 78. ———————————— EEE: > fharma Road & Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,xoytl x-y4l xt2ytl_, Qx-ytT Bx-ytl een) ANSWER KEY le Very Stionr Answer Tyre Questions 1.(9 consistent (i) consistent (Gil) consistont (iv) inconsistent 2. (a) (i) intersect at a point (i) parallel (i) coincident (b) (i) coincident (i) parallel. 3.(a) (3x + Sy-7=0 (il) x- 6y-8=0 (Gi) 6x ~9y =18 (b) ( 2x+ By -4=0 (i) ax 2+ 2 1a AGKES Oke > S(k= S- )Ok=10 Gk=-6 29 K=3 (bj K#6 (K=O Zabkad Mk? G)k=10 kes & Je Suorr Answar Tyre Questions Lxe3yel 2xelya2 axe3y 7..No solution 8. No solution 9. Infinite, 16. No 17. Yes ; x 46. (a) x =(a +b) y =(a-b) (b)x a) x= by == X= (laa by a=b b) X= 52. (a) x=9, Sine dy 2-3 Sxa dy = 555. x 0 Gil) 8x 4y + 12= 0 (gyéhy such 7 =5,be1 F bel (jan be sys? 5x02, lutions 10. Yes mM O;K= 4? 19.x=2, ‘the scaxis at a common point (40). 23. x= = 05 Bx=Ly= 2 3h x= 1, y #10 x= y= 2 A.x= 12, y= 15 y=3-2 (8) (i) No solution (i) x= 2, y= -3(e) ¥ say eb ax=2, 0. (a) x LW) Dx=3,y=2 Gi) x=3Zye-1 OWMx=2yal Mx=2y 4-1 li) x=3,y 3 96.x= 4, y=357.x=8 y= 10 58 x= i) u 4 = 5 6. Infinite number of solutions 13. Infinitely many solutions =350-0,0.4) y= 2 24. 2,5) 4, 2),(1,3) 2 29. x= 100, y = 50 Baxedy el Mexeys0 x= Qy a1 A oyna A Baxe2y 2 x= 6,y=36 i) xe qyenb yo0 ()x=O,y=0 SLx=05,y=0720be SSS EXERCISE-3 (FOR SCHOOL/BOARD EXAMS) APPLICATIONS TO WORD PROBLEMS: Based On Articles And Their Costs + QL 4 chairs and 3 tables cost Rs 2100 and 5 chairs and 2 tables cost Rs 1750. Find the cost of a chairand a table separately Q.2 37 pens and 53 pencils together cost Rs 320, while 53 pens and 37 pencils together cost Rs 400. Find the cost ofa pen and that of a pencil Q.3 tables and 3 chairs together cost Rs 2250 and 3 tables and 4 chairs cost Rs 1950. Find the cost of 2 chairs and 1 table. Q.4 —Aand Beach have certain number of oranges. A say's to B," ifyou give me 10 of your oranges, twice the number of oranges left with you." B replies, ifyou give me 10 of your oranges, number of oranges as left with you.” Find the number of oranges with A and B separa Q.5Aand Beach havea certain numberof mangoes. A says, *ifyou give20 of yon ma ithave twice as many a et wth you Breplies yon giveme 10 1will have iceas eu: fu." How many mangoes dloes each have ? Q.6 One says," give me a hundred, friend! [shall then become twice as ‘me ten, Ishall be six times as rich as you." Tell me what is th x replies "Ifyou give of spective capital? fe pencils and 5 less pens, then cor Senate ofpens and pencils. Q.7 Reena has pens and pencils which together are 40 in num numberof pencils would becomes times the number of pens Q.8 A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 pais how many coins of each kind does he havel Q.9 lending library has a fixed charger the Saritha paid R527 for a book kept fonseve Find the fixed charge and the chafge for e Based On Numbers ; coins in his purseaff he has 50 coins in all totalling Rs 11. st three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter. , while Susy paid Rs 21 for the bookshe kept for five days. Q.10 Sum of two numbers i heir difference is 13. Find the numbers, Q.11 _Thesym of tyOTumbersi S. If their sum is 4 times their difference. Find the number. ber }8°1000 and the difference between their squares is 256000. Find the numbers. dimer, the units digits twice the ton’s digit IF27isadded to the number, the digits interchange es, Find the number. ‘0 digitnumber, the ton’s digitis three times the unit's digit When the number is decreased by 54, the digitsare reversed. Find thenumber ‘The sum of the digits of a twodigit number is 15. The number obtained by reves given number exceeds the given number by 9. Find the given number. 1g the order of digits of the Q.16 — Thesum of the digits ofa two digit number is 8and the difference between the number and that formed by reversing the digits is 18. Find the number. Q.17 — Thesumofa two digit number and the number formed by interchanging its digits is 110.110 is subtracted from the first number, the new number is4 more than 5 times the sum of its digits in the firstnumber. Find the first number. Q.18 —Thesum ofa two digit number and the number formed by interchanging its digits is 142.1F 12is added tothe number, the new number becomes 5 times the sum of the digits. Find the number Q.19 — Thesumofa two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order ofits digits is 121, and the two digits differ by 3, Find the number 2.20. Atwodigit number is more than4 times the sum ofits reversed, Find the number. ———————————— eee > arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, its. If18 is added to the number, the digits areCC ——————— MATHEMATICS Based On Fractions: 4 Q.21 A fraction becomes <, if 1 is added to both numerator and denominator. If however, 5 is subtracted Q.22 A fractions such that ifthe numerator is mul iy Sante denominated eget = But ifthe numerator is increased by Band the denominator s doubled, we get = Find the fraction? Q.23Thedenominatorofa fractionis 4 more than twice the numerator. Whenboth the numerator andl denominator are decreased by 6, then the denominator becomes 12 times the numerator. Determine the fraction. Q.24 —Thenumerator ofa fractions less than the denominator. Ifthe numerator is decreased by 2 is increased by 1, then the cenominatoris eight times the numerator. Find the fraction. Q.25 Thesum of thenumerator and denominator ofa fraction is 4 more than twice the numerat usherator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the ratio 2:3. Determine the friction. Q.26 —‘Thesum ofthe numerator and denominator of a fraction is3 less than twice the det tof Hf the numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes halfthe cengrifinatdg, Determine the fraction. Based On Ages + Q.27 _ Iftwice the son'sage inyears is added to the father's age, to the son’s age, the sum is 95, Find the ages of father and son. if tice the father's age isadded Q.28 A fathers three times as old as his son. Afightwelve yeai fe will be twice as thatofhis son then. Find their present ages. Q.29 Lam three timesas old as my son. Fe yeatsater, [shall be two and a half times as old as my son. How old am Land how old is my son? Q.30Tenyears ago, father wa willbe, Find their prese Q.31 ill be three times the age of his son. Five years ago, father was seven times 9.32 pis three years more than three times the age of the son. Three years hence, \d Bare friends and theit ages differ by 2 years. A's father Dis twice as old as A and Bis twice as old as st C. The age of D and C differ by 40 years, Find the ages of A and B. A‘ elder to B by 2:years. A's father Fis twice as old as A and Bis twice as old his sister. Ifthe ages of the father and sister differ by 40 years, find the age of A. Q.35 Father's age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After S years his age will be twice the sum of agesof two children, Find the age of father. Based On Time, Distance And Speed + Q.36 Points Aand Bare 90 km. apart from each other ona highway. A car starts from A and another from Bat the same time. If they go in the same direction, they meet in hours and if they go in opposite directions, they meet in 9/7 hours. Find their speeds. Q.37 Points Aand Bare 70 km. apart ona highway. A car starts from A and another from B simultaneously. If they travel in the same direction, they meet in 7 hours but ifthey travel towards each other they meet in one hour. Find the speeds of the two cars. Q.38 Points Aand Bare 80 km. apart from each other on a highway. A car starts from A and another from Bat the same time. If they move in the same direction, they meet in 8 hours and if they move in opposite directions, they meet inone hour and twenty minutes. Find the speeds of the two.cars, ———————————— EEE fharma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T,Probe Q.39 — Rahul travels 600 km to his home partly by train and partly by car. He takes & hours if he travels 120 km by train and the rest by car. He takes 20 minutes longer ifhe travels 200 km by train and the rest by car. Find the speed of the train and the car Q.40 Aman travels370km partly by train andl partly by car. Ifhe covers 250 km by train and the rest by «ar, ittakes him 4 hours. But, if he travels 130 km by train and the restby car, he takes 18 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that ofthe car. 41 Aboatcovers 32km upstream and 36 km downstream in7 hours. Also, it covers 40 km upstream and 48 km downstream in hours, Find the speed of the boat instill water and thatof the stream. Q.42 Asailorgoes 8 km downstream in 40 minutes and returns in 1 hour. Determine the speed of the sailorin still ‘water and the speed of the current. Q.43__Theboat j0es30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 8 hours, tcan go40 km upstrym and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of stream and that ofthe boat in still water. Q.44 A boat goes 24 km upstream and 28 km downstream in 6 hrs. It goes 30 km upstream and 2 downstream in6% hrs. Find the speed of the boat in still water and also speed of thes 45 Xtakes3 hours more than ¥ to walk30 km. But, ifX doubles his pace, he is ahead of Y by theirspeed of walking. Q.46 While covering a distance of30 km. Ajeet takes 2 hours more than Amit. IF Ajgeroulles his speed, he ‘would take 1 hourless than Amit, Find theirspeeds of walking. Q.47 A manwalksa certain distance with certain speed, If he wal fa8t, he takes 1 hour less. But, if hewalks 1 km an hour slower, he takes3 more hougs. a the distanée covered by theman and his Original rate of walking. Q.48 A traincovered a certain distance at a uniform speed. Ifthe train yould have been 6 km/h faster, it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduledime. And, i in were slower by 6 km/h, it would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled tinjey Find the length ofthe journey Based on geometrical applicatins : Q.49 Ina AABC, LC =3 2B=2(cAY Q.50. Find the four angles ofa and 2D = (4x - 7). Q.51 Ina ABC, A= Q.52 Theaseaofa PP reduced by 9 aquareunitsifits lengths reduced by Suits and the breaths three angles. ral ABCD inwhich 2A =(2x 1)", 2B=(y +5)", arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, ata point, ate parallel or coincident : 9x ~ Ly = 21; ata point, ate parallel or coincident : [Foreign-2009]ing the graph, find outwhether the lines representing the following pairoflinear equations intersect. 9 0; 2x43y=6 [Foreign-2009] at a point, are parallel or coincident : 5x + 3y Suoxr Answer Tyre-II 1. Solve the following, system of linear equations graphically : 2x - 3y = 1, 3x - dy = 1 Does the point (3, 2) lie on any of the lines? Write its equation [Dethi-2003] 4 2. Solve forx and y: — + Sy=7, ofr oR Father's age is three times the sum of ages of his two children, After 5 years his age will be twice them of age of tivo children. Find the age of father. [Dethi-2093] 3. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically : 3x - 5y = 19, 3y - 7x + Me 0 qT oes the point (4, 9) lie on any of the lines? Write its equation. 1-2 4. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically : 2x + y = 10, 4x ~ Does the point (1, ~ 4) lie on any of the lines? Write its equation. 5. ‘Thesumof numeratorand denominator ofa fraction is8. If3 isacided toboth the nun ‘oreign-2003] wrand denominator the fraction becomos 3/4. Find the fraction, [AL-2003] b ab? 2 6. Solve the following system of equations ons ° OR 5 years hence the age of a father shall be tHe times these" his son while 5 years earlier the age of the father was 7 times the age of his son. Hind their present ages. [Foreign-2003] 7. Solve the following system of linea equationsygraphically : 4x 20 = 0, 3x + Sy - 15 =0. Determine the vertices of the triangly formed byAhe lines, representing the above equations, and the y-axis. [Dethi-2004] jar equations graphically : 5x - 6y +30 = 0, 5x + 4y ~ 20 = 0. Also Srmed by the above two lines and x-axis. [AL-2004] of linear equations graphically : 2x + y + 6 = 0, 3x - 2y - 12 = 0. Also find sd by the lines representing the above equations and x-axis. [Foreign-2004] By - a 10. ystef of linear equations graphically : 2x + 3y = 4, 3x ~ y = - 5. sgion bounded by the above lines and the x-axis. [Dethi-2004C] 11.) Solve the following, system of linear equations graphically : 3x + y +1 = 0, 2x -3y + B= 0. we the region bounded by the lines and the x-axis. [AL-2004¢] 12¢ The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio of 7 and their monthly expenditures are in the ratio of 4:3. If each saves Rs. 1600 per month, find the monthly income of each, [AT-2004C] 13. Solve the following system of equations graphically : x + 2y = 5, 2x -3y = - 4, Also find the points where the lines meet the x-axis [Dethi-2005] 14. Solve the following system of equations graphically : 2x - y = 4; 3y ~ Find the points where the lines meet the y-axis [AL-2005] 15. Solve the following system of equations graphically : 3x - y = 3; x - 2y =~ 4. Shade the area of the region bounded by the lines and x-axis, [Dethi-2005C] 16, Draw the graphs of the equations : 4x - y - 8 = 0 and 2x ~ 3y + 6 = 0. Also determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines andl x-axis, [Dethi-2006] 17. Draw the graphs of the following, equations : 3x - dy + 6= 03x +y - 9= 0, Also determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis. [A1-2006] ————————————— EEE fharma Road &-Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe 18. Draw the graphs of the equations : 4x - 3y = 6 = 0 ;x + 3y - 9 = 0. Determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines and the y-axis. [Foreign-2006] 19. Solve the following, system of linear equations graphically : 3x - 2y - 1= 0; 2x - 3y + 6 = 0. Shade the region bounded by the lines andl x-axis. [Dethi-2006C] 20. Solve the following system of equations graphically for x and y : 3x + 2y = 12; 5x ~ 2y = 4. Find the co-ordinates of the points where the lines meet the y-axis. TAL-2006C] 21. Solve the following system of equations graphically. 2x + 3y = 8 ;x + Ay = 9. [Dethi-2007] 22. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically. 2x 3y = 12; 2y-1=x — [AT-2007] 23. Represent the following system of linear equations graphically. From the graph, find the points where the lines intersect y-axis : 3x + y-5= 0; 2x-y-5=0. [Dethi-2008] 24, Solve for x and y : (a ~ b)x + (a + byy = a2 - 2ab - b? ; (a + b) («+ y) y 7 yorat+ be oR Solve for x and y : 37x + 43y = 123 ; 43x + 37y = 117, 1-21 25. Represent the following pair of cauatons graphically and write the co-ordinates e lines 16 ; 2x - By ‘oreign-2008] intersect y-axis : x + 3y 26. Solve the following pair of equations [Dethi-2009] ing’ another from B at the same weet in 5 hours. If they travel towards [Dethi-2009] 27. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different spel each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the tv 28. Solve the following pair of equations [Delhi-2009] ax_by oe 29, Solve for x andy: aD Eten 5 Cantar [AT-2009] 1/3.0r78 5.x= 7&a0,b=7 Kam 1 Mas 9 1x bd 1x=-ay=b Ix b? or cost of table = Rs. 700, cost of chair = Rs. 200 , ¥ 1/3 oF 7/11 3.b=-1 1 1xsay lorx=by Kb or 3 15.x= ay ‘ay =borS719.%=e2,y Ix =m + ny = m= nor speed of tain = 100 km/h. Speed of taxi = SO km/h 21x = ab y= Bor 7 Wo iS ox 27. Infinite number of solutions 28, Consistent 29, Coincident lines. 30, Parallel 31, Unique solution, DWxa- yrid 22x=3/2, y=2/30rx 424k 210 2% k=-10 Wk=#5 Je Swonr Answen Tyre 1g, =); Yes; Sx 4y =1 2x =1/3, y=-1 or B yoare 3.2, 5) ;yeu;8y—Tx+1=0 4.(3,4) yee de — 5.3/5.6. (a, b) or 40, 10 yoars 7. (0, 4, (5,0), 03) & (-6,0), (0,5), 40) 9. (-3,0), (0, -6), (4, 0) 12. A's = Rs. 14400, Bis = Rs, 11200 13. (5,0), -20) 14. (0-4), (0, 1) 16. -3,0), (2,0), BA) 17. (-2,0), 23), 0) 18. (03), G.2)(0-2) 19x83, y=4 2x82 y=3 Wx Ly=? Wx By =2 23.0.5) and (0, ab +B 28.x=3;y 42 2.x8by= —————eee «| arma Road &-Devpuri, Mop-No.S4T226017T, Dax = ath, y or x =1,y =2 25. (0,2) and (QA) 26. x= 4, y= 5 27. 60 km/h ; 40 km/h20be SSL EXERCISE-5 (FOR OLYMPIADS) Cuoose THe Correct ONE 11. The number of solutions of the equation 2x + y = 40, where both x and y are positive integers and x < y is a7 ®)13 ou (D) 18 2. confused bank teller transposed the rupees andl paise when he cashed a cheque for Mansi, giving her rupees instead of paise and paise instead of rupees. After buying a tofiee for 50 paise, Mansi noticed that she was left with exactly thtee times as much as the amounton the cheque, Which of the following is valid statement about the cheque amount? (A) Over Rs. but es than RS. 5 (®) Over Ro. 19 but les than Rs. 14 (C) Over Rs. 7 but less than Rs. 8 (D) Over Rs. 18 but less than Rs. 19 o 3. John inherited $25000 and invested part of it ina money market account, part in muni part in a mutual fund. After one yenr, he received. total of 1620 in simple interest from the Is, ‘The money market paid 6% annually, the bonds paid 7% annually, and the mutual fund: There was $ 6000 more invested in the bonds than the mutual funds. The amount John ch category are in the ratio (A) 15: 8:2 (B) 11: 13:1 (2:2:1 (D) None of 4. Which one of the following conditions must pq and rsatisfy so that the followingsystem of linear simultaneous ‘equations has atleast one solution, such that p + q +r + 0? x + 2y -32= pj 2x + by - 11 x By/syra= (A) 5p-2q-1=0 (B)Sp+2q+r=0 (C)5p ) Sp -2q tr 5. Ifx and y are integers, then the equation 5x + 19y = 6: (A) No solution for x < 300 and y <0 (B) No solutiog for x > 250 and y > - 100 (C) A solution for 250 < x < 300 (D) A sBhution for - 59 < y < ~ 56 6. The number of solutions of the equagion 2x + y = 40, where both x and y are positive integers and x fharma Road &-Devpuri, Mop- No. S4T226017T,Probe 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 23. 24. 25. Two horses start trotting towards each other, one from A to B and another from B to A. They eross each other after one hour and the first horse reaches B, 5/6 hours before the second horse reaches A. If the distance between A and B is 50 km. What is the speed of the slower horse? (A)30 km/h. (8) 15 km/h (C25 km/h (D) 20 km/h Aman row downstream at 12 km/h and upstream at 8 km/h. What is the speed of man in still water? (A) 12. km/h (B) 10 km/h (8km/h (D)9 km/h A motor boat takes 12 hours to go downstream and it takes 24 hours to return the same distance. What is the time taken by boat in still water? (A) 15h (8) 16h Osh () 0h Equation yx2 + xy? = 2xy, x, y +0 is (A)Linear (®) Quadratic (Cubic (D)Notan equation @ 10, The greater integer is : ‘Sum of two integers is 88. If the greater is divided by the smaller, the quotient is 5 and the remaii was (8) 75 Ow (Dy 3 The length of the sides of a triangle are 3x + 2y, 4x + 5¥ and 36x + 1) + > (gf 5 1). [if the bfangle is equilateral, then its side is (As (B) 10 (Cc) 12 ») a ee Ulan eeu aa & Bs one ou ote (A) 90° (B) 60° (C) 120° (D) None of these 2 3 In town, 5 of men are mattied to > of thegvomen, In the toy total population is more than 1000. If all marriages happen within the town, The Smallest possibléhumber of total population is (assume there are only adults in the town) : o (A) 1012 (B) 1035 (C) 1058, (D) None of these f+ 2) = 65,x+ 1 (x+y - 2) = 38, then its solution is : The solution of the equati (A432) Tx + By +52. = 62 is ) © 642) (D) 423) If $e ty) 22 af ax (9,5) 9,5) © 495) (D) 24,9) SX =110, = 132, y- =o ee 24k (A) (92,11,10) (B) (10,1112) (C) (11,10,12) (D) (12,10,11) fur men earn as much in a day as 7 women, 1 woman earns as much as 2 boys. If6 men, 10 women and 14 boys work together for 8 days to earn Rs. 2200, then what will be the earning of § men and 6 women working together for 10 days? (A) Rs. 2000 (B) Rs, 1800 (C) Rs, 2400 (D) None of these ‘Tho point of intersection of tho straight lines 2x - y + (ayTquadrant (®)lquadrant (Cyl quadrant (DIV quadrant A tightangled triangles formed by the strightline : x +3y = 12with both the axis. Then length of perpendicular ‘olution of the equations 0, 3x - 7y + 10 =0 lies in: from the origin to the hypotenuse is : (A)35 units (B) 24 units (©) 42 units (D) None of these oan ANSWER KE’ Que. ES ED OO Ans. ataftecf{[sfecfsafof[o]sfo{[sfesla weeps] a7 [oe] [20 | en | 22 [2s | 2a | 2s atefe{[afafa|{lefals |e